The European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. Updates from EPPO

Transcription

1 The European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Updates from EPPO Rob Tanner 12th meeting Bern Convention Group of Experts on Invasive Alien Species Madeira, /3

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5 LIFE15 PRE FR 001 Mitigating the threat of invasive alien plants to the EU through pest risk analysis to support the Regulation 1143/2014 EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION And NERC CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY

6 Project overview Title: Mitigating the threat of invasive alien plants in the EU through pest risk analysis to support the EU Regulation 1143/2014 Theme: Invasive plant species risk assessment Funder: LIFE Programme; DG Environment Duration: Financial: total project costs EUR ; EPPO will receive EUR

7 To prioritise plant species from the EPPO List of Invasive Alien Plants and the horizon scanning study (ENV.B.2/ETU/2014/0016) for risk assessment, To risk assess 16 IAPs by performing pest risk analysis compliant with the Regulation (EU) no. 1143/2014, To facilitate knowledge transfer and capacity building in pest risk analysis within the EU.

8 List of 37 species for prioritisation Species Acacia dealbata (Fabaceae) Albizia lebbeck (Fabaceae) Ambrosia confertiflora (Asteraceae) Ambrosia trifida (Asteraceae) Andropogon virginicus (Poaceae) Cardiospermum grandiflorum (Sapindaceae) Celastrus orbiculatus (Celastraceae) Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) Clematis terniflora (Ranunculaceae) Cornus sericea (Cornaceae) Cortaderia jubata (Poaceae) Cryptostegia grandiflora (Apocynaceae) Egeria densa (Hydrocharitaceae) Ehrharta calycina (Poaceae) Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae) Euonymus japonicus (Celastraceae) Fallopia baldschuanica (Polygonaceae) Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (Asteraceae) Hakea sericea (Proteaceae) Humulus scandens (Cannabaceae) Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) Hygrophila polysperma (Acanthaceae) Lespedeza cuneata (Fabaceae) Ligustrum sinense (Oleaceae) Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae) Lonicera morrowii (Caprifoliaceae) Lygodium japonicum (Lygodiaceae) Oxalis pes-caprae (Oxalidaceae) Pennisetum setaceum (Poaceae) Pistia stratiotes (Araceae) Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) Prunus campanulata (Rosaceae) Rubus rosifolius (Rosaceae) Salvinia molesta (Salviniaceae) Sapium sebiferum (Euphorbiaceae) Sphagneticola trilobata (Asteraceae)

9 Regulation 1143/2014 Regulation 1143/2014: on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species, which came into force on the 1st January 2015 Centred on three main themes (1) prevention, (2) early warning and rapid response, and (3) management. A key feature in the Regulation is: list of IAS of Union concern

10 Decision scheme for the prioritization process for EU invasive alien plants incorporating the requirements of the Regulation No 1143/2014 A.1. Is the taxonomic identity of the plant species clearly defined? NO Prioritization Process for EU invasive alien plants YES The plant does not qualify (residual list ) A.2. Is the plant species known to be alien to the entire European Union (excluding the outermost regions )? en t NO as se ss m YES NO ar y ri sk NO A.3. Is the quality and quantity of available information sufficient to assess the potential for introduction, establishment, spread and negative impacts of the plant in the EU? NO in YES ta ge 1: P re lim A.5. Is the plant species known to be invasive outside the European Union? A.4. Is the plant species established in the EU the outermost regions )? NO S YES A.6. Based on ecoclimatic conditions, could the species establish in at least 3 EU Member States (excluding the outermost regions )?, list the countries YES Describe the endangered area eg b atio ivdi e ve imr psait cyt s on A.8. How high is the potential negative impact of the alien plant species on native species in the EU? A.9. How high is the potential negative impact of the alien plant species on ecosystem functions and related ecosystem services in the EU? N (excluding A.7. How high is the spread potential of the plant species in the area under assessment? LOW MEDIUM HIGH LOW EU LIST OF MINOR CONCERN EU LIST OF MINOR CONCERN EU LIST OF MINOR CONCERN MEDIUM EU LIST OF MINOR CONCERN EU OBSERVATION LIST EU OBSERVATION LIST HIGH EU OBSERVATION LIST EU LIST OF INVASIVE ALIEN PLANTS EU LIST OF INVASIVE ALIEN PLANTS The highest score from A8 and A9 should be taken into consideration Go to Stage 2 B.1. Does the plant still have a significant area for further spread and establishment in the EU? NO YES t YES produces lists of plant species for the EU, the most important being the list of invasive alien plants List of invasive alien plants not a priority for EU level RA (apply national measures ) 2: R is k m an ag em en B.2. Is the plant widely cultivated or planted (over several decades ) without showing any strong signs of invasive behaviour in the EU? NO B.3. Can the risk of introduction and spread into and within the EU be effectively controlled by trade restriction? YES S ta ge NO B.4. Can the risk of introduction and spread into and within the EU be effectively controlled by other preventive actions? NO B.5. Can populations of the plant species be eradicated in the field early stage of invasion ) at a reasonable cost? NO List of invasive alien plants not a priority for EU level RA (apply national measures ) YES YES (at an List of priority invasive alien plants for EU level RA to determine which of these IAP have the highest priority for a risk assessment (= quick screening tool)

11 The main components of stage 1 A1 Plant taxonomic identity A2 Alien to the entire EU A3 Availability of scientific information A4 + A6 Establishment capacity A5 Invasive behaviour outside EU A7 Spread capacity A8 Negative impacts on native species A9 Negative impacts on ecosystem functions and services

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13 The main components of stage 2 B1 Significant area available for further spread B2 No sign of invasive behaviour in the EU B3 Risk reduction by trade restriction B4 Risk reduction by other preventive actions B5 Risk reduction by population control

14 Species Acacia dealbata A.1. Clear taxonomy A.2. Alien in EU (Aus.) A.3. Quality information A.4. Established in the EU (ES, FR, IT) Albizia lebbeck Ambrosia confertiflora (Asia) (N.Am.) Low (STOP) ---Medium/ No Ambrosia trifida (N.Am.) Andropogon virginicus A.6. Potential A.5. Invasive outside establishment in A.7. the EU the EU Spread (Afr., Asia, Oce.) 38% Medium --- (C.Asia, Oce.) A.9. Impact on A.8. Impact on native ecosystem functions Conclusion of plant species services stage 1 (M): forms dense Medium (L): Nitrogen List IAP stands displaces native cycle modifications species (Lorenzo et al., (Weber, 2003) 2012) - (M): forms dense Medium (H): List IAP stands displaces native Ecosystem modifier species (EPPO, 2014) (EPPO, 2014) Medium (L): Low (M): No recorded Obs List allelopathic and impacts competes with native spp. for nutrients/light (H): Alleopathic Medium (H): Promotes List IAP impacts (Stone, 1985) fire (Stone, 1985) (M):Smothers Medium (M): Habitat List IAP native spp. (McKay et transformer al., 2010) ((Henderson, 2001) (H): Suppression Medium (H): NegativelyList IAP native spp. (Fike & affects aesthetics (CABI, Niering, 1999) 2016) % --- Medium/ (ES, GE, NL, (Asia, N.Am.) RO, RU, PL, FR, IT, BK, RS) 90% (N.Am.) (FR) 70.10% Cardiospermum grandiflorum (Afr., S.Am.) Medium (IT) (Asia, N.Am., Oce.) (Afr.) 5.10% Celastrus orbiculatus (Asia) (GB) (N.Am., Oce.) 77% Chromolaena odorata (S.Am.) No No (STOP) Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) (Asia) (GB, FR, IT) (Afr., N.Am., Oce.) (N.Am., Oce.) 35.10% Clematis terniflora (Ranunculaceae) Cornus sericea (Cornaceae) Cortaderia jubata(poaceae) (Asia) Low (STOP) No (STOP) --- (S. Am.) No --- (N.Am., Oce.) % --- Cryptostegia grandiflora (Apocynaceae) Egeria densa (Hydrocharitaceae) (Afr.) No (Oce., S.Am.) No (STOP) (S. Am.) (FR, BE, IT, NL, UK) 80.90% Medium (H): Displaces Medium (H): Reduces native spp. (CABI, recreation actvities 2016) (CABI, 2016) (M): Outcompetes native plant spp. (Bossard et al., 2000) (M): Outcompetes native plant spp. (Bauer & Reynolds, 2016) (H): Forms moncultures/ Alleopathic impacts (Firth, 1979) Medium (H): Ecosystem modifier (CABI, 2016) List IAP --- (M): Strongly competes for resources (Lambrinos, 2000) -- (M): Alters trophic List IAP levels/reduces aesthetics (Bossard et al., 2000) --- Ehrharta calycina(poaceae) (S. Afr.) (ES, PT) (N.Am.) 15.30% Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae) (Asia) (FR, LV) (N.Am.) 70.10% Euonymus japonicus(celastraceae) Fallopia baldschuanica (Polygonaceae) (Asia) Low (STOP) (Asia) 67.90% Medium Medium (M): Smoothers native (widespread) (N.Am.) Obs List Medium (M): Alter List IAP fire regimes (Fisher et al., 2006) Medium (H): List IAP Ecosystem modifier (Bauer & Reynolds, 2016) --Medium (M): Obs List Ecosystem modifier

15 Salvinia molesta Des. Perennial floating aquatic fern (Harley & Mitchell, 1981) EPPO Code: SAVMO Native: Brazil EPPO Expert Working Group: CHAPMAN Daniel (Dr), COETZEE Julie (Dr) HILL Martin (Dr) HUSSNER Andreas (Dr) NEWMAN Jonathan (Dr) PESCOTT Oliver (Dr) STIERS Iris (Dr) VAN VALKENBURG Johan (Dr) TANNER Rob (Dr). Paris (FR), /27

16 priority species for PRA Ambrosia confertiflora Andropogon virginicus Cardiospermum grandiflorum Cinnamomum camphora Cortaderia jubata Ehrharta calycina Gymnocoronis spilanthoides Hakea sericea Humulus scandens Hygrophila polysperma Lespedeza cuneata Lygodium japonicum Pistia stratiotes Prosopis juliflora Salvinia molesta Sapium sebiferum

17 EWG Humulus scandens and Lygodium japonicum

18 EPPO PRA Schemes EPPO decision-support scheme for quarantine pests (PM 5/3 (5)) EPPO decision-support scheme for an express pest risk analysis (PM 5/5 (1)) EPPO working document for an express PRA for invasive alien plant species compliant with the Regulation (EU) No. 1143/2014.

19 Provisioning services Supporting services Spanish bluebells reducing genetic diversity in native UK bluebells Invasive aquatic plants reducing water quality below monocultures Provisioning services Fresh water Genetic resources Food production (crop and livestock) Commodity production (fiber, timer etc.) Supporting services Nutrient cycling Primary production Habitat stability Regulating services Cultural services Invasive grass species altering fire regimes in invaded habitats Invasive vines smothering historical sites of importance Regulating services Soil formation Pollination Water regulation Air quality Cultural services Aesthetic experiences Cultural heritage Tourism Recreation

20 12.01.Consider the negative impact the pest may have on categories of ecosystem services (examples of ecosystem service under each main category are detailed in the highlighted box). The categories of ecosystem services are based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Examples of ecosystem services to consider under each category include: Provisioning services Supporting services o Fresh water o Nutrient cycling o Genetic resources o Primary production o Food production (crop and livestock etc.) o Habitat stability o Commodity production (fibre, timber etc.) Cultural services Regulating services o Aesthetic experiences o Soil formation o Cultural heritage o Pollination o Tourism o Natural hazard regulation (fire, erosion, o Recreation (fishing, nature enjoyment flooding) etc.) o Water regulation o Spiritual wellbeing o Biodiversity o Decomposition o Photosynthesis and primary production o Air quality regulation o Pest and disease regulation Ecosystem service Does the IAS impact on this Ecosystem service? /No Short description of impact Reference Provisioning Regulating Supporting Cultural Rating of the magnitude of impact in the current area of distribution Rating of uncertainty Low Moderate Low Moderate

21 15. Climate change Consider the influence of projected climate change scenarios on the pest. Specifically consider the influence of climate change on the introduction, establishment, spread and impact of the pest in the PRA area. In particular, consider the following aspects Introduction Pathways (see point 8) Establishment o Day degree requirements o Climate limitations o Changes in reproduction/growth o Inter-specific competition Spread o Density dependent dispersal o Extreme weather events Impact o Increased fitness o Per capita effects Define which climate projection you are using from 2050 to 2100* Climate projection * following the IPCC projections ( Reference: IPCC, 2014: Summary for policymakers. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, et al.,(eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp

22 Species distribution modelling Projected current suitability for Salvinia molesta establishment in Europe and the Mediterranean region Projected suitability for Salvinia molesta establishment in Europe and the Mediterranean region in the 2070s under climate change scenario RCP8.5

23 Information dissemination and training activities Social media Training workshops Project website

24 Going forward Twelve risk analysis conducted (six EWGs), Final two EWGs planned for September and October 2017, To do: Datasheets and PM9 Standards for each species or group of species.

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