THREAT CATEGORIES Level 1 Level 1 Level 2 Level 2 Level 3 Level Residential development. Commercial and.

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1 NJ's 2015 SWAP Update THREAT CATEGORIES Level 1 Level 1 Focal Threat Assessment: MAMMALS 1. Residential commercial development 1.1 Housing urban areas L conversion from nat'l habitat to urban & other res. areas (large & small scale) Residential development using materials that cause collision hazards 1.2 Commercial industrial areas L conversion from nat'l habitat to commercial or industrial areas (large & small scale) Commercial development using materials that cause collision hazards 1.3 Tourism recreation areas L conversion from nat'l habitat to recreation or tourism areas (large & small scale) 2 Agriculture Aquaculture 2.1 Annual Perennial Crops (nontimber) Shifting Agriculture Smallholder Farming Agroindustry North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat

2 Level Wood Pulp Plantations Small Holder Agroindustry Plantations 2.3 Livestock Farming Ranching Smallholder Grazing Agroindustry Grazing 2.4 Freshwater Aquaculture Subsistence/ Artisinal Aquaculture Industrial Aquaculture 3 Energy Production Mining 3.1 Oil Gas Drilling / Pipelines Drilling & distribution of petroleum & other liquid hydrocarbons Hydrofracturing & other natural gas extraction & distribution processes 3.2 Mining Quarrying Surface Mining - Rock Quarry S Dredging (outside shipping lanes) North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat

3 Level Renewable Energy Wind power Solar Power 3.4 Conventional Power Plants 4 Transportation Service Corridors 4.1 Roads Railroads L conversion from natural habitat to roads & railroads (large & small scale) Movement of cars & other vehicles on roads & railroads (large & small scale) 4.2 Utility Service Lines L conversion from natural habitat to utility & other service lines (large & small scale) Management of rights-ofway 4.3 Shipping Lanes Movement of large ships in shipping lanes Dredging Impacts 4.4 Flight Paths Airplane flight paths North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat

4 Level 1 5 Biological Resource 5.1 Hunting Collecting Terrestrial Animals Intentional Unintention al Persecution/ Control 5.2 Gathering Terrestrial Plants Intentional Unintentional Control 5.3 Logging Wood Harvesting Intentional (subsistence/s mall scale) Intentional (large scale) Unintentional effects (subsistence/ small scale) Unintentional effects (large scale) North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat

5 Level 1 THREAT CATEGORIES 5.4 Fishing Harvesting of Aquatic Resources Intentional (subsistence/ small scale) Intentional (large scale) Unintentional effects (subsistence/ small scale) Unintentional effects (large scale) Persecution/ Control 6 Human Intrusions Disturbance 6.1 Recreational Activities Offroad vehicles (motorized & nonmotorized) Boating of beaches Exploration of caves/ mines Wildlife observation photography Recreational use of cliffs, rocks ridgelines 6.2 Military Exercises Military exercises North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat

6 Level Work Other Activities Unauthorized research projects at significant habitats Authorized research projects at significant habitats Other "work" unrelated to research 7 Natural Systems Modifications 7.1 Fire Fire Suppression Increase in Fire Frequency/ Intensity Suppression of Fire Frequency/ Intensity 7.2 Dams Water Management/ Abstraction of Surface Water (domestic use) Abstraction of Surface Water (commercial use) Abstraction of Surface Water (agricultural use) Abstraction of Ground Water (domestic use) Abstraction of Ground Water (commercial use) Abstraction of Ground Water (agricultural use) Small Dams North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat

7 Large Dams Dams (size unknown) Culverts Stream Burial Impervious Surfaces Freshwater Tidal Water Management 7.3 Other Ecosystem Modifications Shoreline Stabilization Inappropriate timing of mowing Removal of coarse woody debris (streams, forests, scrubshrub habitats) Lack of natural disturbance patterns or ecosystem functions due to species loss Poor habitat management North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat

8 Level 1 8 Invasive Other Problematic, Genes Diseases 8.1 Invasive Non-native/ Alien / Diseases Unspecified Invasive nonnative aquatic animals Invasive nonnative aquatic plants Invasive nonnative terrestrial/w etl animals Invasive nonnative terrestrial/w etl plants Invasive nonnative fungal/ bacterial diseases 8.2 Problematic Native / Diseases Unspecified Named 8.3 Introduced Genetic Material 8.4 Problematic / Diseases of Unknown Origin Unspecified Named North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat

9 Level 1 THREAT CATEGORIES 8.5 Viral/ Prioninduced Diseases Unspecified (Disease) Named (Disease) 8.6 Diseases of Unknown Cause 9 Pollution 9.1 Domestic Urban Waste Water Sewage Runoff other 9.2 Industrial Military Effluents Oil spills Seepage from Mining other Other: Hydrofracturing Other: Industrial toxic settling ponds North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat

10 9.3 Agricultural Forestry Effluents Nutrient loads Soil erosion sedimentation Herbicides & pesticides Control of insect pests & plants leading to mortality of non-target species Control of insect pests plants leading to mortality of non-target species not associated with agriculture (list type, source, if possible, specific pollutants of concern) Acid Rain Smog Ozone Other North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat Garbage Solid Waste 9.5 Air- Bourne Pollutants Methane Herbicides & pesticides (aerial applica-tion)

11 Level Excess Energy Light Pollution Thermal Pollution Noise Pollution Other 11 Climate Change Severe Weather 11.1 Habitat Shifting or Alteration Sealevel Rise 11.2 Droughts Droughts 11.3 Temperature Extremes Temperature Extremes 11.4 Storms Flooding Storms Flooding Increased Rainfall 11.5 Sea-level Rise 11.6 Phenology Shifting or Alteration Phenology shifts related to pollination ecology Phenology shifts related to predatorprey ecology Phenology shifts related to species redistribution North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat

12 Level 1 Level 1 12 Resource Management Needs 12.1 Resource information collection needs Lack of initial baseline inventory Lack of up-to-date existing information Need to answer research question Need to develop new technique Need for improved knowledge of fish wildlife their habitats Need to improve specific understing of agency/ organization goals, objectives ongoing wildlife conservation actions North Atlantic Right Whale Little Brown Bat Indiana Bat Northern Myotis No Grouping Allegheny Woodrat ACTION DRIVERS 14 Education/ Outreach Needs 14.1 Education needs 14.2 Outreach needs