General Biology 101 E C O L O G Y A N D B I O D I V E R S I T Y

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1 General Biology 101 E C O L O G Y A N D B I O D I V E R S I T Y

2 Introductions Syllabus Term Schedule Expectations Getting help!

3 Introductions Name Tags 1. Your NAME 2. TWO DRAWINGS that tell me something about YOU 3. On the inside, tell me something about your learning style how do you learn best?

5 OUTCOMES: Chapter 1: Life on Earth

6 OUTCOMES: Discuss community interactions

7 OUTCOMES: Discuss community interactions Explain how changes in human population and/or actions impact natural ecosystems

8 OUTCOMES: Discuss community interactions Explain how changes in human population and/or actions impact natural ecosystems Describe the movement of energy & nutrients through trophic levels

9 OUTCOMES: Discuss community interactions Explain how changes in human population and/or actions impact natural ecosystems Describe the movement of energy & nutrients through trophic levels Recognize the appropriate taxonomic level of an organism based on key characteristics or traits

11 A set of natural laws exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis: supposition, based on previous observations Tested with experimentation

12 A set of natural laws exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis: supposition, based on previous observations Tested with experimentation

13 A set of natural laws exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis Theory: an explanation of natural phenomena, developed through extensive observation and experimentation

14 A set of natural laws exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis Theory: an explanation of natural phenomena, developed through extensive observation and experimentation If we knew what we were doing, we wouldn t call it RESEARCH. - Albert Einstein

15 A set of natural laws exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis Theory LAW: An absolute; a mathematically prove-able fact

16 A set of natural laws exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis Theory LAW: Newton s Law of Gravity

17 A set of natural laws exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis Theory Four LAWS of Thermodynamics

19 Biology: Science/Study of LIFE BIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC

20 Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines Alive?

21 Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines Alive : set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure

22 Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines Alive : set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained homeostasis

23 Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines Alive : set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained homeostasis 3. Respond to stimuli from the environment

24 Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines Alive : set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained homeostasis 3. Respond to stimuli from the environment 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment

27 Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines Alive : set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained homeostasis 3. Respond to stimuli from the environment 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment 5. Convert to usable form GROW

28 Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines Alive : set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained homeostasis 3. Respond to stimuli from the environment 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment 5. Convert to usable form GROW 6. Able to reproduce

31 Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines Alive : set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained homeostasis 3. Respond to stimuli from the environment 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment 5. Convert to usable form GROW 6. Able to reproduce 7. Populations can evolve over time

32 The Theory of Evolution Nothing in Biology makes sense, except in the light of evolution. - Theodosius Dobzhansky

33 The Theory of Evolution: Why don t snakes have legs? Why do we find fossils of animals that don t exist? Why do we share more than 95% of our genetic code with monkeys?

34 The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification

35 The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification

36 The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification

37 The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification: Natural Selection Charles Darwin/Alfred Russel Wallace

38 The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification: Natural Selection Traits that enhance an organism s ability to SURVIVE to REPRODUCE and create VIABLE offspring

39 THE BIOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE: SURVIVE to REPRODUCE and create VIABLE offspring.

40 The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification: Natural Selection Traits vary according to organism

41 The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification: Natural Selection Traits vary according to organism Traits enhancing survivorship/reproduction are ADAPTATIONS

42 Natural Selection: The Rules 1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population ( mutations )

44 Natural Selection: The Rules 1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the population

46 Natural Selection: The Rules 1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the population 3. Some variations must enhance survivorship/ reproductive ability

47 Baobab trees, Africa

48 Natural Selection: The Rules 1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the population 3. Some variations must enhance survivorship/ reproductive ability 4. Traits must be heritable

49 DNA: the genetic blueprint of organisms

50 DNA: the genetic blueprint of organisms

51 Natural Selection: The Rules 1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the population 3. Some variations must enhance survivorship/ reproductive ability 4. Traits must be heritable 5. Beneficial traits accumulate in the population over time

52 Adaptive Radiation

53 e.g. MRSA

54 Additional Evolutionary Processes Selective Breeding, e.g. Yard Dandelions

55 Additional Evolutionary Processes Selective Breeding, e.g. Brassica

56 Additional Evolutionary Processes Sexual Selection: Humans

57 Additional Evolutionary Processes Sexual Selection: Peacocks

58 The Theory of Evolution Typically a very slow process, taking millions of years Current events: altering ability of organisms to adapt

59 BI 101 Focus on: ECOLOGY and BIODIVERSITY

60 BI 101 Focus on: ECOLOGY: the study of interactions between organisms and the environment (Unit 4)

61 BI 101 Focus on: Biodiversity: the variability of life (Unit 3)

62 BI 101 Focus on: Populations Species Communities Ecosystems Biospheres

63 Categorization of Life Chapter 1: Life on Earth

64 Categorization of Life: Three domains of differing cell types PROKARYOTIC: cells do not have a nucleus 1. Bacteria 2. Archaebacteria

65 Categorization of Life: Bacteria and Archaebacteria are single-celled, or unicellular

66 Categorization of Life: Three domains of differing cell types PROKARYOTA 1. Bacteria 2. Archaebacteria EUKARYOTA 3. Eukarya true nucleus

67 Categorization of Life: K P C O F G S Kingdom: Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals

68 Categorization of Life: Most of the Kingdoms (Fungi, Plants and Animals) are made up of many cells, or are multicellular

69 Categorization of Life: K P C O F G S Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family (i.e. last name) Genus/Species: Binomial system of naming (i.e. first and middle name)

70 Boa constrictor

71 Gorilla gorilla

72 Scaptia beyonceae

73 Euglossa bazinga

74 Categorization of Life: means of acquiring energy Autotroph: self-feeding

75 Categorization of Life: means of acquiring energy Heterotroph: other-feeding

Chapter 1. An Introduction To Life On Earth

Chapter 1. An Introduction To Life On Earth Chapter 1 An Introduction To Life On Earth John Klock, MA, MS 16 th year teaching life sciences 5 colleges (LBCC, OSU, Univ. of Maryland,..) Two children 15 years abroad, climbing (Mt.Mckinley) traveling