2012 REVIEW FOR FINAL EXAM THE EXAM IS WORTH 150 POINTS AND IS MAY 10, 5-7PM

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1 2012 REVIEW FOR FINAL EXAM THE EXAM IS WORTH 150 POINTS AND IS MAY 10, 5-7PM Part 1 these will all be multiple choice questions all of these questions will be included on the exam (50 pts) 1. Do caterpillars have lung-like structures made of branching tracheoles, that provide oxygen to hemocytes? 2. When does the desert ant Cataglyphis bicolor, breathing via discontinuous ventilation, actually take in air 3. What does discontinuous ventilation allow Cataglyphis bicolor to do? 4. What are some ventilatory structures that are associated with OPEN tracheal systems in aquatic insects 5. What part of the tracheal system is shed by insects during ecdysis? 6. How do most larvae of endoparasitoids breathe? 7. What is the primary way that insects get Oxygen into their cells? What are some likely adaptations to the general anatomy and physiology found in a Brine fly at saline Mono Lake? 11. What are the eusocial insect taxa? 12. What is the significance of haplo-diploidy in terms of the evolution of eusociality? 13. In advanced eusocial insects, caste formation can be influenced by 14. Why is trophalaxis important in the evolution of sociality? 15. In most ant species, what extremely important function do larvae serve? 16. What structures allow insects to hear? 17. What are the advantages of eusociality 18. What are some characteristics of Fixed Action Patterns? 19. What is a secondary insect defense? 20. What is a primary insect defense? 21. What fraction of genes are shared by two worker ants from a colony with only one queen (assuming she has mated with only one male)? 22. Which of the following statements about parasitoids is not true A. They don't kill their host immediately B. They use the host for reproduction not food for themselves C. They kill their hosts in 1 generation D. They are usually much smaller than their hosts E. They are in the middle of a continuum with predators and parasites 23. What fraction of genes are shared by a queen ant and a worker from her colony? 24. What are the major insect herbivore guilds? 25. What are strategies used by male insects to keep other males from mating with females 26. What are the steps of the co-evolutionary explanation of why phytophagous insects specialize? 27. Why are most insects specialists? 28. How are insects able to feed on toxic plants? 29. What are the major pollinating orders of insects? 30. Why do pollinators have adaptations such as longer/shorter beaks or tongues, pollen combs and baskets, and various flower finding adaptations?

2 31. Is any life stage not attacked by parasitoids? 32. What Order of insect produces Lac? 33. What is lac used for? 34. What is Allantoin used for? 35. What are some attributes of biological control organisms 36. What are some valid hypotheses for why there are so many species of insects? 37. Which of these is the odd one out? a. spiders b. mites c. trilobites d. scorpions e. ambylopigids 38. Which of these is the odd one out? a. tagmata b. exoskeleton c. dorsal nerve chord d. bilateral symmetry 39. Which of these is the odd one out? a. protocerebrum b. optic lobe c. tritocerebrum d. mushroom bodies 40. Which of these is the odd one out? a. spermatheca b. aedeagus c. ovariole d. terminal filament e. bursa copulatrix 41. Which of these is the odd one out? a. pheromones b. wax c. silk d. ecdysone e. lac 42. Which of these is the odd one out? a. Siphonaptera b. Lepidoptera c. Dermaptera d. Trichoptera e. Hymenoptera

3 43. Which of these is the odd one out? a. larvipositing b. oviparous c. viviparous d. ovoviviparous 44. Which of these is the odd one out? a. coxa b. alinotum c. cercus d. trochanter e. basalar sclerite 45. Which of these is the odd one out? a. Scolitidae b. Phoridae c. Carabidae d. Scarabadae e. Tenebrionidae 46. Which of these is the odd one out? a. Apposition b. stematta c. compound eye d. ocelli e. trichogen 47. According to the trophic cascades hypothesis, what would happen to plants if a 4th trophic level was added to a system? 48. Chemistry is probably a component of which primary defenses? 49. What are the criteria used to define a eusocial insect? 50. What are some metrics used to quantify food webs? Part 2 short answer (20 pts) 1. List 3 theories on how wings evolved, with one sentence explaining each theory (12pts). 2. In your opinion, what is the most important biological question about insects that remains to be answered and why? (8pts)

4 Part 3 (45 points) 1. Label 20 orders on the phylogeny below and indicate which 5 orders are the most diverse.

5 Part 4 anatomy and physiology (35 pts) (you should be able to figure out all of these components from posted lectures, books, or google images of insect anatomy and physiology) Label 5 different parts on the figure below: 3. Label 5 different parts on the figure below:

6 4. Label 10 different parts on the figure below:

7 5. Label 5 different parts on the figure below: 5. Label 10 different parts on the figure below:

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