What Bugs you? An Educator s Guide to the Program

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1 What Bugs you? An Educator s Guide to the Program GRADES: 3-6 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: This program explores one of the largest groups of arthropods, the insects. At the completion of this program students will be able to identify the characteristics, morphological aspects, metamorphosis and beneficial versus pest insects. Before your class visits the Oklahoma Aquarium This guide contains information and activities for you to use both before and after your visit to the Oklahoma Aquarium. You may want to read stories about insects to the students, present information in class, or utilize some of the activities from this booklet. 1

2 Table of Contents What Bugs You abstract 3 Educator Information 4 Vocabulary 5 Internet resources and books 7 PASS/OK Science standards 8-9 Arthropod Quiz 10 Insect Parts 11 Insect Crossword 12 Inspect the Insects 14 My Insect Report 16 Metamorphosis 17 Twist an Insect 21 Color Sheet 23 2

3 What Bugs You?: ABSTRACT If one were to look at the earth they would find that vertebrate animals are a minority while arthropods account for 80% of all animal life on earth. Arthropods have been around for millions of years and some of their ancient characteristics have been carried over into modern arthropods, such as the exoskeleton. The exoskeleton supports and protects this invertebrate group. Exoskeletons are composed of a material called chitin. Having an exoskeleton is a double edged sword, since the shell is not flexible, the ability to grow is impossible without molting. Molting is triggered by hormones and begins with a new exoskeleton forming under the old exoskeleton. When the time is right the old exoskeleton splits down the back and the insect begins the process of pulling out of its old exoskeleton. The process of molting can take anywhere from several minutes to hours. Molting is a delicate process since the insects shed everything including their eyes. When an insect molts they are very vulnerable while they wait for their new exoskeleton to harden. Modern arthropods, include insects, arachnids, and crustaceans. Of all the different classes of arthropods insects are the most numerous and the only arthropods capable of flight. Insects have 6 legs, 3 body parts and antenna. Arachnids have 8 legs, 2 body parts and no antenna. Crustaceans such as crabs, have 10 legs with two paired appendages, and are mostly aquatic. Pill bugs a.k.a woodlice, are an example of a terrestrial crustacean; although they have gills that usually function underwater they are able to survive on land by living in moist environments. The most numerous group of insects are the beetles (coleoptera) which contains 350,000 species. Insects have two types of eyes, simple and compound. Simple eyes can only tell light from dark while compound eyes are made of several lenses which enhance their ability to detect movement. Insect s sense organs can be found on different body parts, a spider tastes with its feet while an ant tastes with its antennae. Different organs are utilized among the insects to detect sound, some are similar to drum heads (tympanal organs) while some are small hairs (labral pilifers). An insect s body plan changes as they go from egg to juvenile to adult. Metamorphosis literally means change of form. When looking at a butterfly one can see how differently a caterpillar s form is compared with its adult form the butterfly. There are 2 types of metamorphosis, complete and incomplete. A butterfly goes through complete metamorphosis which means the juvenile looks completely different from the adult. A grasshopper goes through incomplete metamorphosis which is characterized by a juvenile that looks like a miniature adult. For some people it is hard to believe that most insects are beneficial to us, in fact, the human race would not survive without the help of insects. Insects perform essential tasks such as pollinating our food crops, and aerating our soil. Insects can be pests when they destroy our crops or spread disease, however only 1% of insects are actually detrimental to the human race. 3

4 What Bugs You?: EDUCATOR INFORMATION: Although insects are ancient their bodies are small and delicate, making fossils of insects very rare. Hair and DNA fragments have been found on ancient insects preserved in amber. Muscles that allow movement in insects are attached to the inside of the exoskeleton. Horseshoe crabs are an example of a modern arthropod which has changed very little over time. Insects are found in every habitat on earth except for Antarctica. Insects are cold-blooded. Of the many species of insects most of them are only 1 in length. The smallest insect is the dwarf beetle measuring only The largest insect is the goliath beetle measuring over 2 in length. Tiny hairs on the insect s bodies detect temperature, movement and chemicals. Some insects such as termites communicate using chemicals known as pheromones. Fireflies are actually beetles and not flies. Insects can have one or two pairs of wings. The dragonfly is the fastest insect with the ability to fly 31 mph. The caterpillar (juvenile butterfly) grows 2000 times larger than its original hatching size. Scientists discover approximately 7,000 new species of insects each year. Insects use camouflage to avoid predation and disguise themselves as anything from plants, to bird droppings. 4

5 VOCABULARY: Abdomen- the last of an insect s three main body parts Adaptation- an alteration or adjustment in structure or habits, often hereditary, by which a species or individual improves its condition in relationship to its environment Amber- fossilized tree sap Arachnid- a class of arthropods with 8 legs, 2 body segments and contains species such as spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites and harvestmen, etc Arthropod- an invertebrate characterized with a hard exoskeleton, segmented body, and jointed legs Chitin- material found in the exoskeleton of arthropods, cell walls, beaks, fungus, etc Chrysalis- pupal case of many butterflies Crustacean- a class of arthropods with 10 legs or more, which are mostly found in the water but can also be found on land, and contains species such as shrimp, lobster, krill, woodlice, etc. Ecdysis- the process of shedding or molting the exoskeleton, also known as the cuticle Environment- all of the things around a plant, animal or other organism Entomology- the study of insects Exoskeleton- a hard covering composed of chitin which gives support to the invertebrate group known as arthropods Habitat- a place an animal lives, which includes, weather, plants and animals Invertebrate- an animal without a backbone Malaria- an infectious disease transmitted by the bite of a female mosquito, which kills 3 million people each year 5

6 Metamorphosis- the change of an insect from one form to another as it develops into an adult Molting- a process of shedding the exoskeleton which is necessary for growth in arthropods Nymph- the immature stage of an insect that goes through incomplete metamorphosis Ommatidum- a single six-sided lens found in the compound eye of an insect Order- a unit of the biological classification system that lies between class and family Pest- a plant or animal that affects humans in a negative way Pheromones- scented chemicals secreted on the outside of animal s body that cause certain behavior by other individuals of the same species Pollination- a transfer of pollen from one plant to another which aids in the reproduction of plant life Pupa- the inactive stage of an insect s life cycle that is found in complete metamorphosis Species- a unit of the biological classification system that is characterized by animals that can breed with each other to create fertile offspring Spiracles- holes in the exoskeleton of an insect that allow oxygen to enter Thorax- the middle of an insect s body in which the wings attach Trachea- small tubes that connect and transfer oxygen from the spiracles to the tissues inside 6

7 RESOURCES: Internet Resources: BOOKS and REFERENCES: Tait, DR. Noel (2005) Bugs. Weldon Owen Pty Ltd Doris, Ellen (1996) Meet the Arthropods. Thames And Hudson Braus, Judy (1998) Incredible Insects. McGraw-Hill Blobaum, Cindy (2005) Insectigations 40 Hands-On Activities To Explore The Insect World. Chicago Review Press Maynard, Chris (2001) Bugs A Close-UP View Of The Insect World. DK Publishing, Inc. VanCleave, Janice (1998) Insects And Spiders Mind-Boggling Experiments You Can Turn Into Science Fair Projects. PB Printing 7

8 PASS STANDARDS MET: All education programs and their accompanying materials at the Oklahoma Aquarium will meet several Oklahoma PASS objectives in various disciplines. The following list is not all inclusive. SCIENCE Science Processes and Inquiry (grade 3-6) Process Standard 1- Observe and Measure (grade 3-6) Process Standard 2- Classify (grade 3) Process Standard 3- Experiment and Inquiry (grade 4-5) Process Standard 3- Experiment (grade 6) Process Standard 3- Experimental Design (grade 3-6) Process Standard 4- Interpret and Communicate (grade 4-6) Process Standard 5- Inquiry Physical Science (grade 3) Standard 1- Properties of Objects and Materials (grade 5) Standard 1- Properties of Matter and Energy (grade 6) Standard 1- Physical Properties in Matter Life Science (grade 3) Standard 2- Characteristics and Basic Needs of Organisms and Environments (grade 4) Standard 3- Characteristics of Organisms (grade 5) Standard 2- Organisms and Environments (grade 6) Standard 3- Structure and Function of Living Systems Earth/Space Science (grade 3) Standard 3- Properties of Earth and Materials (grade 4) Standard 4- Properties of Earth and Moon (grade 5) Standard 3- Structure of Earth and the Solar System 8

9 OKLAHOMA ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR SCIENCE MET: LS1-1 3-LS2-1 3-LS3-1 4-LS1-1 4-LS1-2 5-PS3-1 5-LS2-1 5-LS2-2 MS-LS1-3 (6 TH ) MS-LS2-3 (6 TH ) 9

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