Guided Reading Activities

Transcription

1 Name Period Chapter 1: Biology: Exploring Life Guided Reading Activities Big idea: Themes in the study of biology Answer the following questions as you read modules : 1. A cell phone is not alive. List three characteristics of life that the phone does not perform. 2. Does your car fulfill any of the characteristics of life? If so, which one(s)? 3. Which of the following would be considered a population? a. The kidney of a rabbit b. All the organisms found in a forest c. A lion d. Catfish in a river 4. The idea that new characteristics emerge as you go higher in biological levels is known as. 5. Complete the Venn diagram that compares eukaryotic cells to prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 REEC7833_01_C01_PRF.indd 1

2 6. True or false: Systems biology uses microscopy to study how cells use energy. If false, make it a correct statement. 7. Match the following cell types to their characteristics. Some may be characteristics of both. a. Prokaryotic cell b. Eukaryotic cell Has a nucleus Has DNA Structurally simple Structurally complex Generally small Generally large Evolved from the other one 8. Energy and chemicals move through ecosystems in different ways. Nutrients are constantly through the ecosystem, while energy moves through an ecosystem in direction. 9. Complete the table that compares the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem. Role(s) within an ecosystem Producers Consumers Decomposers 2 Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. REEC7833_01_C01_PRF.indd 2

3 10. Explain what would be the likely result if all the decomposers in an ecosystem suddenly died. Big idea: Evolution, the core theme of biology Answer the following questions as you read modules : 1. are passed from parent to offspring and control the characteristics of the offspring including the activities of individual cells. 2. Briefly explain how the genetic code is analogous to the letters of the alphabet. 3. Human growth hormone (HGH) is necessary for growth during adolescence. Pituitary dwarfism is a condition that results from the inability of a person to produce HGH. Luckily, the human gene for HGH can be inserted into E. coli bacteria, which are able to make our HGH. The resulting HGH is used by people who are unable to make their own. What property about hereditary information makes this possible? 4. Which of the following is the highest level of taxonomic organization? a. Species b. Domain c. Kingdom d. Phylum 5. Complete the following table that compares the four kingdoms of the domain Eukarya. Characteristics Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 REEC7833_01_C01_PRF.indd 3

4 6. What will all members of the domains Archaea and Bacteria have in common? a. All the organisms will be multicellular. b. They will all have a nucleus. c. They are eukaryotes. d. All the organisms will be prokaryotic. 7. is responsible for the change that has occurred to life on earth from the beginnings of the planet until today. 8. Fill in the following illustration regarding Darwin s theory of evolution by natural selection. Conclusion 1 Conclusion 2 9. When did mammoths (from the genus Mammuthus) begin to evolve away from modern elephants? Use Figure 1.7E on page 9 of the text. 4 Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. REEC7833_01_C01_PRF.indd 4

5 Big idea: The process of science Answer the following questions as you read modules : 1. List the three basic components of scientific inquiry. 2. Complete the table that compares qualitative data with quantitative data. Description Qualitative Quantitative Example 3. Which of the following is best described as a tentative explanation to an observation or set of observations? a. Prediction b. Theory c. Results d. Hypothesis 4. A common misconception among students is that a hypothesis and a theory are essentially the same. Briefly explain what you would say to a student who believes that. Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 5 REEC7833_01_C01_PRF.indd 5

6 5. How many factors does a scientist want to have different between the two groups being studied? a. 2 b. 0 c. 1 d You are a research scientist for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) interested in performing a controlled experiment to determine the effects of caffeine on human blood pressure. One group of people will get caffeinated coffee and one will get decaffeinated coffee. Briefly explain why you would want that to be the only variable that differs between the two groups. Big idea: Biology and everyday life Answer the following questions as you read modules : 1. Your doctor prescribes you an antibiotic for 10 days to help you fight pneumonia. You take the antibiotic for the first three days and then stop because you are feeling better. The bacteria that remain would have a. less resistance to the antibiotic. b. the same level of resistance as before the antibiotic. c. more resistance to the antibiotic. d. all of the above. 2. True or false: The nature in natural selection refers to an organism s environment selecting for adaptive traits. If false, make it a correct statement. 3. A corn farmer applies a pesticide to his crops each year. After several years, he notices that the pesticide seems to have less of an effect. The population of insects is now more resistant to the pesticide. Would this be an example of artificial or natural selection? Briefly explain what you think would happen to the insect population if the farmer applied a different pesticide the next year. 6 Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. REEC7833_01_C01_PRF.indd 6

7 4. Complete the table that compares science to technology. Description Science Technology Example of how they have intersected Connecting the Big Ideas Use your knowledge of the information contained within this chapter s Big Ideas to answer this question. Charles Darwin is credited with outlining the principles of evolution by natural selection. What aspects of the scientific method can be identified in Darwin s work? Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 7 REEC7833_01_C01_PRF.indd 7