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1 TEST BANK > CONTROL PANEL > POOL MANAGER > POOL CANVAS Pool Canvas 1 of 10 Add, modify, and remove questions. Select a question type from the Add Question drop-down list and click Go to add questions. Use Creation Settings to establish which default options, such as feedback and images, are available for question creation. Add Creation Settings Name Description Instructions Chapter 1--A View of Life Modify Question Identify the three basic themes in biology: I. The cellular composition of life II. The evolution of life III. The flow of energy through living systems IV. The mechanisms of disease V. The transmission of information I, II, and III II, III, and IV III, IV, and V I, IV, and V II, III, and V Question The cell theory states that all living organisms: grow and develop. respond to stimuli. are composed of basic units called cells. can move from one place to another in order to find food or to escape predators. can form a population of organisms that is able to adapt to the environment. Question Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living organisms? adaptation to their environment reproduction response to stimuli multicellularity metabolism Question The science of life is: taxonomy. biology. evolution. ecology. systematics. Question If an organism is eukaryotic, then by definition it will: be assigned to the domain Bacteria. be assigned to the domain Archaea. be unicellular. possess gametangia. possess a nucleus. Question In all organisms, hereditary information is encoded within molecules. DNA RNA protein lipid carbohydrate

2 Question A prokaryotic cell differs from a eukaryotic cell that a prokaryotic cell: has a plasma membrane. contains organelles. has a nucleus. has DNA. is exemplified by bacteria. 2 of 10 Question Biological growth involves an increase in: the number of cells. the size of individual cells. the number of gene types in a cell. both the number and size of cells. both the number of cells and the number of gene types in a cell. Question In living organisms, chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as: development. metabolism. adaptation. genetics. homeostasis. Question Homeostasis in living organisms involves processes that: provide for unlimited growth. allow unrestricted movement. allow for adaptation to a harmful environment. permit a response to stimuli from either the internal or external environment. maintain a constant internal environment. Question If a particular protein were being produced in excess of the cell's needs, then mechanisms intervene to stop production. metabolic homeostatic growth respiratory anabolic Question Cilia and flagella are most directly involved in: metabolism. movement. maintaining homeostasis. muscle contraction. cell signaling. Question Organisms that are sessile as adults: lack free-swimming larvae. are exemplified by humans. carry out amoeboid movement. do not move from place to place. lack cilia and flagella. Question Which of the following stimuli most directly causes the Venus flytrap to catch an insect? gravity light touch scent sound

3 Question Which one of the following is a characteristic of asexual, as opposed to sexual, reproduction? fusion of egg and sperm a cell splitting in half genes contributed by two parents high degree of genetic variation formation of a fertilized egg 3 of 10 Question One benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that: more offspring can be produced. the offspring are all identical to the parents. the interaction of the genes from both parents brings about genetic variation. evolution will occur at a slower rate when there are two parents. there is less variation from generation to generation. Question Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of Burchell's zebras to their environment? camouflage a unique stomach behavioral activities stripes asexual reproduction Question Reductionism refers to the method of investigating structures by: studying the whole. studying emergent properties. reducing our knowledge about these structures. studying the parts of the structures. studying many structures together. Question Which of the following is the most basic level of chemical organization? cell molecule atom tissue organism Question When tissues organize they form: an organ. a nucleus. an atom. a cell. an enzyme. Question All of the members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute: an individual. a population. a community. an ecosystem. a biosphere. Question Which of the following is NOT a term related to information transfer in living systems? genes taxon proteins neurotransmitters hormones

4 Question The units of hereditary information are: biochemicals. genes. RNA. proteins. nucleotides. 4 of 10 Question Which of the following is NOT true of proteins? They determine the structure and function of cells and tissues. They function as receptors. They function in recognition. They are the code for molecules that are important for life processes. They enable cells to communicate. Question Information in living organisms can be transmitted by: genes only. hormones only. neurotransmitters only. genes and hormones but not neurotransmitters. genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Question Which of the following is NOT true of hormones? They are found in multicellular organisms. They are chemical messengers. They regulate development. They are a type of gene. They regulate growth. Question Which of the following is NOT a concept or term related to the flow of energy through living systems? cellular respiration consumers decomposers photosynthesis sexual reproduction Question Autotrophs: are exemplified by fungi. are exemplified by animals. cannot carry out cellular respiration. depend on heterotrophs for food. synthesize complex molecules from CO 2, water, and energy. Question Which of the following represents the pattern of energy flow within an ecosystem? producers consumers decomposers decomposers producers consumers consumers producers decomposers decomposers consumers producers producers decomposers consumers Question Which of the following is most directly associated with the theory of evolution? Competition between members of a population for limited resources. Production of large numbers of offspring. Sexual reproduction producing variation in a population. Mutations changing the gene pool. Changing of populations over time.

5 Question Which of the following is produced via the process of cellular respiration? oxygen. light. food molecules. sugars. carbon dioxide. 5 of 10 Question What would be the ultimate effect on an ecosystem if decomposers were eliminated? The consumers would have to eat twice as much. The rate of photosynthesis would increase. All life would eventually cease as nutrients would no longer be available. Energy flow between producers and consumers would increase. Producers would outgrow consumers due to the excess of carbon dioxide. Question Using the Linnaean system of nomenclature, corn is named Zea mays. In this name, the specific epithet is: Zea mays. Zea. mays. Quercus. corn. Question Which of the following terms includes the fewest species of organisms? ecosystem community biosphere population class. Question Similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same: class. kingdom. order. phylum. genus. Question The domain Eukarya includes all of the following EXCEPT: protozoa. mushrooms. bears. mosses. bacteria. Question You discover an organism that is eukaryotic, unicellular, and photosynthetic. Based on this evidence you correctly assign this organism to the: Domain Bacteria. protist group. Kindgom Fungi. Kingdom Plantae. Domain Archaea. Question To what group do I belong? I am neither prokaryotic nor photosynthetic, and I obtain nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into my environment. Bacteria protists Fungi Plantae Animalia

6 Question One of the conclusions drawn from Darwin's theory of evolution is that: existing organisms can adapt to environmental changes. genetic information can pass from organism to organism by means of DNA. living organisms are composed of basic units called cells. organisms living today descended with modifications from previously existing forms. living organisms contain substances produced by cells. 6 of 10 Question Which of the following statements is NOT part of Darwin's theory of natural selection? There is some variation within a population. Competition between populations increases variation. Individuals with advantageous characteristics tend to survive. Survivors pass their advantageous characteristics to their offspring. Most species overproduce offspring. Question In Darwin's theory of evolution, adaptation involves changes in: genes. individuals. populations. communities. ecosystems. Question The ultimate source of genetic variation within a population is: mutations in DNA. adaptation of a species to environmental changes. homeostatic mechanisms that compensate for environmental changes. a sensory system that can detect an environmental change. a system of locomotion that allows an organism to escape environmental changes. Question Which of the following is NOT a concept or term related to evolution? adaptation genetic mutation cellular respiration gene pool natural selection Question In the deductive approach to scientific thought processes, we begin with and make based on that information. premises; observations observations; premises observations; conclusions observations; inductions premises; conclusions Question A hypothesis is: a tentative explanation. a systematic thought process. an observation. a placebo. a conclusion. Question A good hypothesis: can be proven to be true. is falsifiable. can only be tested once. is a statement of fact. represents important conclusions.

Question Which of the following statements represents a good hypothesis? Shoofly pie tastes good. The swimming speed of Artemia increases at higher temperatures. There is life after death.

7 Question Which of the following statements represents a good hypothesis? Shoofly pie tastes good. The swimming speed of Artemia increases at higher temperatures. There is life after death. Hemophilia is also known as "bleeder's disease." Since sparrows, robins, hawks, and pigeons are all birds and have wings, all birds have wings. 7 of 10 Question The organism in the accompanying figure can be classified as: a bird. a reptile. a prokaryote. a protista. a mammal. Question In an experiment, the control group: disproves the theory. proves the hypothesis. proves the prediction. does not contain the variable being tested. is similar to the test group in all aspects including the variable being tested. Question Figure 1-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). Sequence A in Figure 1-1 represents: a hypothesis. the experimental group. the control group. a sampling error. a deduction. Question Figure 1-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).

8 8 of 10 Sequence B in Figure 1-1 represents: a hypothesis. a conclusion. a blind group. the experimental group. the control group. Question If we wanted to examine the effect of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, we would need to establish both experimental and control groups. The control group for this experiment would be defined by the following conditions: soil, fertilizer, water, sun, and no zucchini seeds. soil, fertilizer, water, sun, and zucchini seeds. soil, water, sun, and no zucchini seeds. soil, water, sun, and zucchini seeds. soil, water, and sun. Question In the experimental evaluation of a new drug, a placebo serves the purpose of: preventing errors in recording of the data. removing the bias of the physician in charge of the experiment. removing the potential psychological bias of the patient in the study. preventing sampling errors from compromising the results of the experiment. increasing the sample size. Question A sampling error could occur from: a malfunctioning calculator. very few individuals in the control group. a poorly designed hypothesis. the scientist knowing which individuals were in the experimental group. having both an experimental and a control group. Question Which statement concerning a scientific theory is FALSE? It may suggest practical applications. It predicts new facts. It is based on a number of hypotheses. It is unchangeable. It is supported by many observations. Question Which statement concerning systems biology is FALSE? It involves the reductionist approach. It involves the analysis of large amounts of data. It focuses on the functioning of biological systems. It focuses on individual components rather than the whole. It is also called integrative biology.

9 Question Using the characteristics that define life, compare and contrast a plant, a bacterium, and a salt crystal. Cellular in structure: A plant (eukaryote) and a bacterium (prokaryote) are cellular, but a salt crystal is not. Grow and develop: A plant grows by increasing the size and number of cells in its multicellular body; a bacterium grows by increasing in size and then dividing to produce additional bacteria. Both plants and bacteria develop as they age. A salt crystal can increase in size only by adding additional crystals and does not develop in the biological sense of the word. Regulate their metabolic processes: Plants and bacteria can regulate their metabolism; a salt crystal lacks metabolic processes. Respond to stimuli: In bacteria (unicellular) the whole organism responds; in plants (multicellular) various parts can usually respond in different ways. A salt crystal cannot respond. Reproduce: Plants and bacteria usually can reproduce both sexually and asexually. A salt crystal cannot reproduce unless one accepts the breaking apart of a crystal as a type of reproduction. Evolve and adapt: Plants and bacteria can do both; salt crytals cannot. 9 of 10 Question Explain the importance of information transfer in living systems, and include three specific examples. Information transfer occurs when 1) traits are passed to the next generation, 2) when one individual communicates with another, 3) when one portion of a cell communicates with another portion, and 4) when one part of a multicellular organism communicates with another part. For example, in sexual reproduction the genetic information from the parents is transmitted to the offspring. The information in those genes is then used to determine what proteins are made and consequently how that cell develops. Lastly, a cell may produce a hormone or a neurotransmitter that provides information of various kinds to other cells. Question Identify two adaptations in different living organisms and use natural selection to explain how each may have logically evolved. Example 1: The long, flexible tongue of a frog is an adaptation for catching insects. In a population of frogs much genetic variation would exist with respect to tongue length. However, those frogs having longer tongues would be able to catch more insects than the short-tongued frogs which might be weak and even starve. Over many generations frogs having long tongues would most likely thrive and produce more offspring than frogs having short tongues, and consequently the long-tongue trait would become more and more prevalent in the population. Example 2: The thick coat of the polar bear is an adaptation for surviving low temperatures. In a population of polar bears much genetic variation would exist among coat thickness. However, those bears having a thinner coat would be more adversely affected by the low temperatures, for example they might be sickly, be less fertile, and even die. Over many generations, bears having thicker coats would most likely thrive and produce more offspring than thin-coated bears, and consequently the thick-coated trait would become more and more prevalent in the population. Question If you observe a cell that contains organelles, then that cell is most likely a prokaryote. Question The term development refers to all the changes that occur during the life cycle of an organism. Question When an organism reproduces asexually, it produces offspring that are genetically variable. Question The scientific name for coffee is Coffea arabica. From this information you know that the species name is arabica. Question Similar orders are placed in the same class. Question The two domains of prokaryotes are Bacteria and Fungi. Question When you use deductive reasoning you draw conclusions from specific observations.

10 Question A falsifiable hypothesis cannot be tested. 10 of 10 Question When you change your view of reality you are making a paradigm shift. Question Systems biology is also called integrative biology. Matching 0 points Modify Remove Question Match the term with its the phrase that best describes it. Match Question Items Items E. - A. a balanced internal environment A. sessile A. - B. immobile B. cellular respiration D. - C. in Darwin s theory, this involves changes in populations not individuals C. development C. - D. changes occuring during the life of an organism D. adaptation D. - E. a characteristic that enhances survival E. homeostasis B. - F. capturing energy from food molecules Matching 0 points Modify Remove Question Match the group of organisms with the correct phrase or example. Match Question Items Items C. - A. molds A. protists E. - B. humans B. plants B. - C. oak trees C. fungi A. - D. algae D. bacteria D. - E. prokaryotes E. animals A. - F. eukaryotic, unicellular organisms B. - G. grass B. - H. eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthesizers D. - I. do not belong to the Domain Eukarya E. - J. eukaryotic, multicelluar organisms that eat other organisms Question On a scientific expedition into new territory, you discover a previously undescribed organism living within the very hot environment of a geyser. This organism has a cell wall, is single celled, heterotrophic, and has no true nucleus. In what kingdom would you most likely place this organism and why? Concepts to Consider: Characteristics of this organism indicate it is a prokaryote; its habitat may indicate that it belongs to the kingdom Archaebacteria. Question Design a complete ecosystem that would sustain a number of living organisms for several years in a sealed container. The only thing that can be added is sunlight. Explain why you have selected each organism. Concepts to Consider: Include producers (plant), consumers (animal), and decomposers (heterotrophic bacteria and fungi); plants convert sunlight to organic energy, animals consume the plants, and decomposers recycle nutrients within the dead plants and animals; animal and bacterial wastes are taken up by plants. Question You placed equal numbers of dark and light varieties of feeder crickets into a terrarium containing a species of lizard. After two days you notice that the dark variety of the crickets was less common than the light variety. What process is taking place on a small scale within the terrarium? Design an experiment in which you would try to determine if color or taste is the primary factor responsible for the selective feeding of the lizards. Concepts to Consider: Natural selection, correct experimental design, and hypothesis testing.

Chapter 1. How Do Biologists Study Life?

Chapter 1. How Do Biologists Study Life? Chapter 1 How Do Biologists Study Life? Biology is the study of life Biologists ask questions about all aspects of living organisms Bios logos means a discourse on life in Greek Biology has many sub-disciplines