Taxonomy refers to the classification and organization of organisms based on their scientific names to reflect their
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1 Nomenclature Taxonomy Taxonomy refers to the classification and organization of organisms based on their scientific names to reflect their mutual relationship. Organisms are classified in taxonomic groups, called taxa (singular taxon) within different ranks. Rank genus species Taxon Homo Homo sapiens The transcription rules and examples include the following: In formal publications, italicize all scientific names except for higher ranking taxa, which are not typically italicized. However, italics are not recommended when transcribing health records. Staphylococcus aureus
2 Terms for Taxa It is important to differentiate between the formal representation of taxa and the vernacular names since both are acceptable in formal publications. The formal terms and the vernacular terms of taxa include the following: Formal Term Vernacular Vertebrata Primates Hominidae Fungi Moniliaceae Procaryotae Mycobacteriaceae Chlamydiales vertebrates primates hominids fungi moniliaceous molds prokaryotes mycobacteria chlamydiae Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcus
3 Genus and Species Names Traditionally, genus and species names are italicized in medical books and journals. However, italics are not recommended for use in medical reports. The transcription rules and examples for the genus and species names include the following: Use initial caps for all taxa, except for the second portion of the binomial species name. Use the starting letter (single letter) abbreviation for the genus portion of the binomial species name. Include the full form of the genus portion on first mention and use the abbreviation thereafter. Do not begin a sentence with an abbreviated genus name. Include the full form of the genus name at the beginning of the sentence or rephrase the sentence. Do not capitalize genus names when they are used in plural and adjective form, or vernacular form, or when they stand alone. Do not shorten the genus names when species name is included in full expression. Do not capitalize terms formed with suffixes -oasis and -iasis. Use the full scientific name when organisms with genus names that begin with the same letter are mentioned in the same document. Haemophilus influenzae Escherichia coli H influenzae E coli Dictation: C difficile is the most likely culprit here. Transcribe as: Clostridium difficile is the most likely culprit here. Or The most likely culprit here is C difficile. staphylococci group B streptococcus staphylococcal infection staphylococcus Transcribe as: Staphylococcus aureus Do not transcribe as: Staph aureus amebiasis dermatophytosis Transcribe as: Nosocomical infections caused by either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus faecalis are quite common. Do not transcribe as: Nosocomical infections caused by either S aureus or S faecalis are quite common.
4 Do not use the two-letter abbreviations for the species name. When these two-letter abbreviations are used as part of a longer disease entity abbreviation, they are acceptable. Express changes in genus name in parentheses with the qualifier formerly. Express changes in species name by expressing the entire binomial in parentheses with the qualifier formerly. EHEC enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Helicobacter (formerly Campylobacter) pylori Bacteroides ureolyticus (formerly Bacteroides corrodens) Dictation: E coli was found in the urine. Transcription: Escherichia coli was found in the urine. Dictation: C difficile is the most likely culprit here. Transcription: Clostridium difficile is the most likely culprit here.
5 Vernacular Names Pathogens, infectious agents, and the diseases caused by them are widely referred to by their common or vernacular names. for using common names differ with the type of publication: For a formal publication: If the author is intentionally referencing the public identification, include the vernacular names. However, scientific names should be included for credibility and clarity. For patient care documentation: Include vernacular names in quotation marks, if they are dictated. Dictation: The patient has recently returned from a trip to China and is concerned that her symptoms may be indicative of bird flu. Transcription: The patient has recently returned from a trip to China and is concerned that her symptoms may be indicative of bird flu.
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