Microbiology 1 (MICR V01)

Transcription

1 Microbiology 1 (MICR V01) Fall 2014 Lecture (SCI-313): Dr. Marta D. de Jesus (Ph.D.) Lab (SCI-311): with Prof. Eden Bellenson Please pick up all handouts. Who is this class for? Nursing RN and beyond (BSN, MSN, DNP, PhD) Other pre-health dental hygiene, DDS, PharmD, OD, PA, DPT, DVM, etc. Other interests bioengineering, chemical engineering, biotechnology, etc. Note: NOT usually recommended for MD or DO (not accepted as units by medical schools in general), or Microbiology majors. Pre-requisites for MICR V01 CHEM V20 & V20L/V30 or V30 L/V 01 & V01L (requires beg. algebra) AND PHSO V01 (requires ANAT V01) or BIOL V04 What topics did you get from those courses that you will use here? Scientific method Metric system & conversions Subatomic particles, periodic table, element descriptions, chemical symbols & formulas, acids, bases/alkalis & buffers Basic microscopy, prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells (plant & animal), cell division, biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) Basic enzyme function, DNA replication, RNA transcription & protein synthesis, glycolysis, aerobic respiration, photosynthesis, basic taxonomy Human anatomy & physiology (including an intro to the immune system) If you don t remember or are shaky on a number of these, this class will be very difficult. 1

2 Introduction What is MICR V01? Nuts & bolts Roll Syllabus Comments Helps & Hints College Website Your District Website: My lecture website: A. COURSE DESCRIPTION B. METHOD OF INSTRUCTION C. STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES D. COURSE OBJECTIVES E. COURSE TOPICS/UNITS F. CORE COMPETENCIES G. TEXTBOOK(S) AND REQUIRED SUPPLIES 2

3 Lecture Textbook Publisher s companion website: student_view0/ Optional (but can be helpful) 3

4 H. GRADING PLAN Overall: (lecture %).75 + (lab %).25 = final % I. COURSE COMPONENT SPECIFICS Lecture Weekly Tests: 20 points each Individual Written Assignment: 50 points Lecture Final: 110 points (Please sit every other seat for tests & exams) Total lecture points possible: 420 points (with 13 daily Tests counting out of 15, Written Assignment and Final Exam) Total Lecture Point levels to achieve a specific lecture grade: A level: 378 or more B level: C level: D and below: 293 or less For Tests: 882 For Final Exam: 886 I. CLASSROOM RULES OF CONDUCT Academic Dishonesty Disruption/Obstruction of class Lab Safety J. Some of the On-Campus Student Help If transfering: K. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 4

5 Other miscellaneous helps DISCLAIMER Bloom s Taxonomy (types of questions on college exams) PLANNED SCHEDULE AFFIDAVIT & Student Information Sheet(s) - due next lecture Introduction What is MICR V01? Nuts & bolts Roll Syllabus Comments Helps & Hints Dale s Cone of Experience - the more you re involved, the more you get out of the information Major hindrance: distraction 5

6 Guaranteed: S+Q+3R+P Method of Studying Downside? Survey Question Read Recite Review student_view0/index.html see Course-wide content for other Helps including ipod files for each chapter Practice Introduction - What is Microbiology? Microbes are: 1. small 6

7 Microbes are: 1. small 16,600x (when image is 2 in x 2 in) Microbes are: 1. small 2. ubiquitous Microbes are: 1. small 2. ubiquitous 3. ecologically important

8 Microbes are: 1. small 2. ubiquitous 3. ecologically important 4. medically important antibiotics World-wide disease Microbes are: 1. small 2. ubiquitous 3. ecologically important 4. medically important 5. economically important Microbes are: 1. small 2. ubiquitous 3. ecologically important 4. medically important 5. economically important 6. often beneficial biofuels bioremediation 8

9 E. Food Microbiology, Dairy Microbiology and Aquatic Microbiology F. Agricultural Microbiology What is Science? sciens (Latin) 1. process/method 9

10 What is Science? sciens (Latin) 1. process/method 2. information What is not Science? examples Art Literature Philosophy Theology/Religion (and some subjects are in between ) Scientific Method (Experiment) many experiments, many results later Results 10

11 In every experiment one should have 2 groups: experimental control In lab, sometimes we ll sometimes have 2 kinds of controls: positive negative Big Moments in the History of Microbiology A. Diseases & microbes 1. ancient explanations, transmission 2. fermentation 3. spontaneous generation eventually disproved 4. (in)famous diseases a. Plague of Athens ( B.C.E) b. Black Plague (1348- outbreaks until 16th Cent. ) c. syphilis (~1500?) d. Spanish Flu (1918) e. HIV -> AIDS (late 20th Cent.-?) History of Microbiology history-of-microbiology People from Ch 1 (before 1850) Robert Hooke Antonie von Leeuwenhoek Carolus Linnaeus (= Carl von Linne) Edward Jenner Theodor Schwann & Matthei Schleiden Oliver Wendell Holmes Ignaz Semmelweiss After ~1855: Golden Age of Microbiology (some say ) 11

12 Biological Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus (aka Carl von Linne) How many kingdoms of life? (Whittaker s) Two vs. Three vs. Five vs. Six Prokaryota Bacteria Monera (bacteria) Bacteria Archaea Archaea Eukarya Eukarya Protista Protista Plants Plants Fungi Fungi Animals Animals Examples of taxonomy Species: Homo sapiens Species: Paramecium caudatum Domain (2 mnemonics) 12

13 How are organisms actually named? binomial nomenclature (invented by Gaspard and Johann Bauhin; Linnaeus (1753) was the first to popularize ) species name = genus name + specific epithet eg: Staphylococcus aureus OR Staphylococcus aureus Capitalized eg: Homo lower case sapiens A species of = genus name + sp. eg: Staphylococcus sp. several species of = genus name + spp. eg: Homo spp. (Note: Usually can t say S. aureus or H. sapiens, etc. without 1st using entire name) People from Ch 1 (before 1850) Robert Hooke Antonie von Leeuwenhoek Carolus Linnaeus (= Carl von Linne) Edward Jenner Theodor Schwann & Matthei Schleiden Oliver Wendell Holmes Ignaz Semmelweiss Louis Pasteur s fermentation experiments - proved spontaneous generation does not occur in the modern world 13

14 After ~1855: Golden Age of Microbiology (some say ) Rudolf Virchow Joseph Lister Robert Koch Koch s Postulates The 1950 s electron microscopes: we can see smaller than cells TEM SEM Woese and Fox s Domains of Life & Kingdom & Kingdom 14

15 Emerging & re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) List of NIAID Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases Group I Pathogens Newly Recognized in the Past Two Decades Acanthamebiasis Australian bat lyssavirus Babesia, atypical Bartonella henselae Ehrlichiosis Encephalitozoon cuniculi Encephalitozoon hellem Enterocytozoon bieneusi Hendra or equine morbilli virus Human herpesvirus 8 Human herpesvirus 6 Parvovirus B19 Group II Re-emerging Pathogens Enterovirus 71 Clostridium difficile Mumps virus Streptococcus, Group A Staphylococcus aureus Group III Agents with Bioterrorism Potential See the full list of NIAID Category A, B, and C Priority Pathogens. Are we in the next Golden Age of Microbiology? Many say yes - Most of modern biotechnology uses microbiology or techniques first developed with microbes. - We know more about microbes now than ever before & the information is accelerating Example: We now know the entire DNA coding for many different bacteria & other species (& more are being added all the time). The first bacteria to be DNA sequenced: Haemophilus influenzae (1995; years of work). Equivalent work now: a few months (note: making a vaccine or drug takes far, far longer). 15