Biologijos dalykø apraðymai. Kodo raidës BIO

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1 121 Biologijos dalykø apraðymai Kodo raidës BIO

2 122 Vytauto Didþiojo universitetas BIO 101 BIOLOGIJA DALYKO APIMTIS 3 KREDITAI s doc.dr. A.Paulauskas Individualus savarankiðkas darbas 55 Referatas 15 Ið viso 120 Kolokviumas 30 % galutinio paþymio, referatas 20 % galutinio paþymio, egzaminas 50 % galutinio Biologijos mokslo pagrindinës idëjos ir metodai: mokslinis metodas, stebëjimas, eksperimentas, apraðomieji tyrimai. Biologijos ryšys su humanitariniais ir kitais mokslais: biologija tautosakoje, psichologijoje, sociologijoje, teologija ir biologija, biologija kasdieniniame þmogaus gyvenime. Gyvybës samprata ir egzistavimo pagrindai: gyvybë sistema; pagrindiniai cheminiai elementai ir jø funkcijos; Làstelë gyvybës pagrindas. Mityba ir maisto medþiagos: skirtumai bûdingi vienalàsèiams, augalams, gyvûnams; medþiagø ir energijos apykaita lygiai ir vaidmuo. Gyvybës ávairovë: morfologinë, ekologinë, molekulinë, klasifikacija, pagrindiniai taksonominës sistemos rangai (rûðis, gentis, ðeima, bûrys (eilë), klasë, tipas (skyrius), karalystë; pagrindinës grupës ir jø tipiniai atstovai, klasifikavimo principai. Dauginimasis (lytinis, nelytinis), augimas ir vystymasis: vienalàsèiø, augalø, gyvûnø, þmogaus; klonavimas ir dirbtinis apvaisinimas; kontracepcija ir ðeimos planavimas; Aplinkos suvokimas neurobilogijos pasiekimai, bioritmai, gyvenimo ritmai ir ciklai paros, metø laiko, vystymosi; Gyvybës genetiniai pagrindai: klasikiniai ir molekuliniai paveldëjimo ir kintamumo dësningumai; þmogaus ir medicininë genetika, genetinë konsultacija. Biotechnologija: ávairûs produktai, genø klonavimas, transgeniniai (genetiðkai modifikuoti) organizmai, genø terapija. 1. Mader S.S. Biologija, I, II d. Vilnius: Alma Litera, Giunter E., Kempfë L., Libertas H., Miuleris J., Pencilinas H. Biologijos pagrindai. Vilnius: Mokslas, Yèas M. Apie biologijà. Kaunas: Candela, T.de Þardenas. Þmogaus fenomenas. Vilnius, BIO 111 BENDROJI BIOLOGIJA DALYKO APIMTIS 3 KREDITAI i: dr. I.Ðatkauskienë doc.dr. A.Paulauskas Individualus savarankiðkas darbas 55 Uþduotis savarankiðkam darbui (referatas) 15 Ið viso 120 Kolokviumas 30 % galutinio paþymio, referatas 20 % galutinio paþymio, egzaminas 50 % galutinio Šiuolaikinës biologijos samprata, metodai, pagrindines sàvokos, bei naujos idëjos. Sàveika ir struktûra gyvajame pasaulyje, làstelë esminis gyvybës organizacijos elementas, gyvi organizmai informacinës sistemos; informacijos kodavimas, perdavimas, saugojimas gyvose sistemose, neurofiziologiniai gyvûnø elgsenos pagrindai, paveldumo teorija, evoliucijos teorija, populiacija, ekosistema, biosfera; organizmø imuninë sistema; žmogus kaip biosocialinis veiksnys gyvojoje gamtoje. 1. Mader S.S. Biologija, I, II d. Vilnius: Alma Litera, Giunter E., Kempfë L., Liberstas H.J. Miuleris, Pencilinas H. Biologijos pagrindai. Vilnius: Mokslas, Norman K.Wessels, Janet L. Hopson. Biology. New York: Random House, Inc., BIO 101 Biology The main ideas, concepts and methods of Biology. The relations of Biology and Humanities. Molecular basis of life. Cell theory. The laws of heredity. Genetic code. The physiological principles reaction to environment. BIO 111 GENERAL BIOLOGY The importance laws of chemistry and physics for the origin, and evolution of life on Earth. Molecular basis of life, cell theory, the cell energy currency, foundations of genetics, genetic code basis of reaction to environment theory of

3 123 BIO 221 AUGALØ SISTEMATIKA IR FIZIOLOGIJA dr. D.Batiuðkaitë a) pasiruoðimas laboratoriniams darbams ir darbø gynimas 27,5 b) darbas su literatûra 40 BIO 222 AUGALØ BIOLOGIJOS PRAKTIKA DALYKO APIMTIS 2 KREDITAI dr. D.Batiuðkaitë Praktiniai uþsiëmimai (iðvykos) 50 Individualus savarankiðkas darbas herbaro sudarymas 25 Þiniø patikrinimas (apklausa, herbaro tikrinimas) 5 Ið viso 80 Augalø biologijos kryptys. Augalinës làstelës dydis ir forma, làstelës sienelë, citoplazmos judëjimas, làstelës intarpai, augalinei làstelei bûdingi organoidai. Augalø gaminamøjø, dengiamøjø, siurbiamøjø, asimiliaciniø, sekrecijos, sandëliniø, ventiliacijos, ramstiniø, apytakos audiniø sistemos. Ðaknø, stiebo, lapø, þiedø, þiedynø, vaisiø, sëklø vidinë ir iðorinë sandara. Augalø mityba, augimas, vystymasis, dauginimasis, dirglumas, judëjimas, atsparumas. Biosistematika. Dumbliai. Grybai. Kerpës. Samanos. Sporiniai induoèiai. Plikasëkliai ir gaubtasëkliai. Augalø sàveika su aplinka. 1. Dagys J. Augalø anatomija ir morfologija: vadovëlis/ Vilnius: Mokslas, p. 2. Bluzmanas P, Borusas S., Dagys J., Gruodienë J., Staðauskaitë S., Ðlapauskas V., Vondevièienë V. Augalø fiziologija: vadovëlis/ Vilnius: Mokslas, p. 3. Galinis V. Þemesniøjø augalø sistematika: vadovëlis/ Vilnius: Mokslas, 1979, p. 4. Galinis V. Aukðtesniøjø augalø sistematika: vadovëlis/ Vilnius: Mokslas, 1984, p. BIO 221 PLANT TAXONOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Main directions in plant biology. Plant cytology and histology. Vegetative and reproductive organs of plants. Nutrition, growth, development, reproduction, irritability, movement and resistance of plants. Algae. Fungi. Lichens. Mosses. Sporophytes - vascular. Gymnosperms and angiospermae. Interaction between plant and environment. Vëdryniniø, gvazdikiniø, erikiniø, bastutiniø, erðkëtiniø, pupiniø, salieriniø, agurkliniø, bulviniø, bervidiniø, astriniø, lelijiniø, viksvuoliniø, migliniø ðeimos. Raudonosios knygos augalai. Plaèialapio miðko augalija. Vasarinis aspektas. Pavasarinis aspektas. Drëgnø lapuoèiø miðkø augalai. Pievø augalai. Ðilo augalai. Pelkiø augalai. Pakranèiø augalai. Dykvieèiø augalai. Piktþolës. Dirvonø augalai. 1. Lekavièius A. Vadovas augalams paþinti: vadovas/ Vilnius: Mokslas, p. 2. Vilkonis K. K. Lietuvos þaliasis rûbas: atlasas/ Kaunas: Lututë, p. 3. Lekavièius A., Logminas V., Rakauskas P., Smaliukas D. Biologo vadovas. - Vilnius: Mokslas, p. 4. Lietuvos Raudonoji knyga. - Kaunas: Spindulys, p. BIO 222 FIELD WORK IN PLANT BIOLOGY Buttercup, Pink, Cucumber, Mustard, Heath, Rose, Bean. Carrot, Potato, Borage, Mint, Figwort, Aster families. Rush, Sedge, Grass families. Rare and endangered plants. Vegetation of broad leaved woodland. Spring aspects. Summer aspects. Vegetation of shaded mire. Vegetation of grassland. Vegetation of coniferous woodland. Vegetation of wetland. Wasteland vegetation. Morphology, chemical peculiarities, reproduction, geographical distribution, ecology, application of the most common species belonging to the mentioned families.

4 124 Vytauto Didþiojo universitetas BIO 311 BENDROJI GENETIKA DALYKO APIMTIS 4 KREDITAI i: doc.dr. A.Paulauskas D.Ambrasienë Praktiniai uþsiëmimai (laboratoriniai darbai) 30 Individualus savarankiðkas darbas a) pasiruoðimas laboratoriniams darbams ir darbø gynimas 20 b) darbas su literatûra 60 Ið viso 160 BIO 312 MIKROBIOLOGIJA dr. O.Buzaitë a) pasiruoðimas laboratoriniams darbams ir darbø gynimas 27,5 b) darbas su literatûra 40 darbai 20 % galutinio paþymio, baigiamasis egzaminas 50 % galutinio pažymio. Genetikos mokslas ir jo vieta gamtos mokslø sistemoje. Paveldimumo dësniai. Aleliniø ir nealeliniø genø sàveika. Kokybiniø poþymiø paveldëjimas. Citogenetinio paveldimumo pagrindai. Chromosominë paveldimumo teorija. Gyvenimo ciklai ir jø genetinë determinacija. Nebranduolinis paveldimumas. Mutacinis procesas. Genø, chromosomø mutacijos. Poliploidija, aneuploidija, autopoliploidija. Modifikacinis kintamumas. Þmogaus genetika. Genetiniai selekcijos pagrindai. Mikrobiologija dëstoma kaip savarankiðka biologijos sritis, apþvelgiant ávairiausius mikroorganizmø gyvenimo aspektus, suteikiant þiniø apie mikroorganizmø vaidmená gamtos medþiagø kaitoje, jø átakà aplinkai, iðdëstomi mikroorganizmø genetikos pagrindai, naudojimo genø inþinerijoje, biotechnologijoje, gamtovaloje galimybës ir metodai. 1.Ranèelis V. Genetika. Vilnius: Lietuvos Mokslø Akademija, Ranèelis V. Bendroji genetika Vilnius: Lietuvos Mokslø Akademija, , Paulauskas A.,Slapðytë G.,Morkûnas V.Bendrosios genetikos tyrimo metodai ir pratybos: mokomoji knyga / Vilnius: Inforostras, BIO 311 GENERAL GENETICS Basic principles of inheritance and genetics variability; chromosomical inheritance theory. Gene interaction, mutations, principles of human genetics. Hybridological analysis of Drosophila. The mastering technology of using methods to estimaten genetic variability. Cytogenetical methods: analysis of plant and animal chromosomes; Identification of human chromosomes, ideograms; poliploidical preparation; chromosome aberration. Methods for testing anomaly spermatozoon. Estimation of population structure, aquilibrium 1. Lasinskaitë- Èerkaðina A., Pavilonis A., Vaièiuvënas V. Medicinos mikrobiologija ir virusologijos pagrindai /Kaunas: Kauno medicinos universiteto Spaudos ir leidybos centro leidykla, p. 2. Masteikienë R.R. Maisto produktø mikrobiologija: vadovëlis [1 knyga]/ Kaunas: Technologija, p. 3. Peèiulis J., Mikrobiologijos praktikos vadovas/ Vilnius: Lietuvos Respublikos kultûros ir ðvietimo ministerijos Leidybos centras, p. BIO 312 MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology as a part of biology. Microorganisms as constituents of the microbial world. The role of microorganisms in our environment. The general principles of microbes morphology, physiology, biochemistry, the mechanisms of their reproduction and contact with outer world. Some important theoretical principles are carried out in laboratory

5 125 BIO 313 BESTUBURIØ BIOLOGIJA dr. I.Ðatkauskienë Kolokviumas 30 % galutinio paþymio, laboratoriniø darbø gynimas 20 % galutinio paþymio, egzaminas 50 % galutinio Vienalàsèiai gyvûnai (Protozoa), jø morfologija, paplitimas ir reikðmë gamtoje, filogenezë. Pirmuoniø kultivavimas. Pirmuonys bioindikatoriai. Daugialàsèiai: sistematiniø bestuburiø tipø apþvalga. Morfologija, anatomija, pagrindiniai fiziologijos aspektai. Hidragyviai. Koraliniai polipai. Plokðèiøjø, apvaliøjø ir þieduotøjø kirmëliø tipai, jø apþvalga, svarbesnës klasës ir atstovai. Nariuotakojø tipas. Klasifikacija, palyginamieji bruoþai, dauginimosi ypatybës. Moliuskø tipai: pilvakojai, dvigeldþiai ir galvakojai moliuskai, jø sandaros ypatybës, biologija. Èiuopikliniø ir peèiakojø tipø sandara, svarbesnës klasës. Dygiaodþiø tipo sandara ir filogenezë. Gyvûnø paplitimo dësningumai, faktoriø ávairovë, reikðmë. 1. R. Kazlauskas. Bestuburiø zoologija. Vilnius: Mokslas, Mieþiulis D., Starodubaitë M. Zoologija. Vilnius: Siveida, BIO 314 BIOLOGINIØ TYRIMØ METODOLOGIJA s dr. G.Saulis Analitiniai savarankiðki darbai (praneðimai) 20 a) pasiruoðimas laboratoriniams darbams ir darbø gynimas 32,5 b) darbas su literatûra 13 Þiniø patikrinimas (egzaminas) 7 Kolokviumas 25 % galutinio paþymio, laboratoriniai darbai, stendinis praneðimas, straipsnio paruoðimas, þodinis praneðimas 25 % galutinio paþymio, egzaminas 50 % galutinio Bendra biologiniø tyrimø metodologija. Biologiniø eksperimentø atlikimas: pasiruoðimas, organizavimas, eiga. Eksperimentiniai organizmai: augalai, mikroorganizmai, laboratoriniai gyvûnai, jø standartizavimas; etikos problemos. Augalø ir gyvûnø lauko medþiagos tyrimai. Tyrimo duomenø tvarkymo metodai. Matavimo rezultatø statistinis apdorojimas. Grafinis rezultatø vaizdavimas. Kompiuterinë duomenø analizë. Rezultatø sutvarkymas, duomenø ávertinimas, publikavimas. Bakalauro, magistro, daktaro teziø paruoðimas. Tyrimo rezultatø vieðas pristatymas (þodinis, stendinis) konferencijose, gynimuose. 1. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Research Council. / Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, p. 2. K. Þenauskas, A. Songailienë. Duomenø biometrinis vertinimas Brower J.E., Zar J.H. Field and Laboratory Methods for General Ecology. McGraw-Hill Science p. BIO 313 INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY The concept and principles of animal biology studies. The phylum Protozoa. General characteristics of Metazoa. The phyla Eumetazoa. Coelenterata. Plathelminthes: morphology and anatomy. Nemertea and Nematoda. Annelida: general classes. Arthropoda: Crustacea, Insecta, Arachnida. Metamorphosis in the class Insecta. Mollusca: Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda. The Bryozoa. Deuterostomia. Echinodermata. The relations between animals morphology and conditions of survival. Invertebrates as biological indicators of ecotoxycology. BIO 314 METHODS OF BIOLOGICAL STUDY The foundation on biological studies may be designed, the data analysed, and the results reported: Perceiving the problem. Defining the entity or entities to be studied. Designing an experiment or study. Selecting a sampleg (i. e., data collection) procedure. Obtaining representative samples. Observing and measuring the samples to obtain data. Objective analysis of the data. Interpreting and drawing conclusions from the data. Reporting the findings.

6 126 Vytauto Didþiojo universitetas BIO 321 BIOCHEMIJA DALYKO APIMTIS 4 KREDITAI dr. Z.Nauèienë DALYKO VALANDØ PASISKIRSTYMAS Praktiniai uþsiëmimai (laboratoriniai darbai) 30 a) pasiruoðimas laboratoriniams darbams ir darbø gynimas 35 b) darbas su literatûra 43 Þiniø patikrinimas (kolokviumas, egzaminas) 7 Ið viso 160 BIO 322 STUBURINIØ BIOLOGIJA dr. I.Ðatkauskienë Biochemijos objektas. Organizmø cheminë sudëtis. Aminorûgðtys ir peptidai. Baltymai, jø struktûra ir biologinis vaidmuo. Fermentinë katalizë. Angliavandeniø struktûra ir biologinis vaidmuo. Lipidø struktûra ir biologinis vaidmuo. Biologiniø membranø struktûra ir funkcijos. Medþiagø pernaða per biologines membranas. Nukleorûgðèiø struktûra ir funkcijos. DNR biosintezë. RNR biosintezë ir brendimas. Baltymø biosintezë, modifikavimas ir degradacija. Laboratoriniø darbø metu pritaikomos teorinës þinios, ágyjami darbo biocheminëje laboratorijoje ágûdþiai. 1. Garrett R.H., Grisham C.M.. Biochemistry. USA: Saunders College Publishing Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1995, Lehninger A.L.,Nelson D.L., Cox M.M. Principles of Biochemistry. - New York: Worth Publishers, p. 3. Stryer L., Biochemistry. - New York: W.H.Freeman and company, BIO 321 BIOCHEMISTRY The scope of biochemistry. Biochemical components of the organism. Amino acids and peptides. Structure and biological functions of proteins. Biocatalysis. Structure and biological significance of carbohydrates. Structure and biological significance of lipids. Structure and function of biomembranes. Principles of membrane transport. Nucleic acids and their biological functions. DNA replication. RNA biosynthesis and processing. Protein biosynthesis, modification and degradation. In practicals technical skills to use methods for studying Antriniaburniø bendra charakteristika. Pagrindiniai chordiniø gyvûnø kûno sandaros bruoþai. Tunikatai. Bekaukoliai. Stuburiniai gyvûnai. Kûno sandara: pagrindinës organø sistemos. Dauginimasis ir vystymasis. Beþandþiai (skydaodþiai, apskritaþiomeniai). Kremzlinës ir kaulinës þuvys. Sausumos stuburiniai. Amfibijos. Anamnijai ir amniotai: dauginimosi ir vystymosi ypatybës. Tikrieji sausumos stuburiniai. Ropliai. Paukðèiai. Þinduoliai. 1. Maèionis A. Stuburiniø gyvûnø zoologija. Vilnius, Wodsedalek J. E., Lytle Ch.F. General Zoology (Laboratory Guide), Maþiulis D., Starodubaitë M. Zoologija Vilnius: Siveida, BIO 322 VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY Introduction to the main principles of vertebrate animals biology. Study of body structure and functions of animals. The fundamentals of taxonomy and systematics are presented. Study of the phylum is concluded with a survey of its classes and major orders. Chordates: common ancestry, origin and evolution. Tunicates and Acrania. Jawless fishes. Cyclostomes. Fishes. Spiny sharks. Cartilginous fishes. Bony fishes: Bichirs; Caelanths and Lung fishes. Tetrapods. Amphibians. The Reptiles. The Birds. Primitive Birds. Modern Birds. Mammals. Egg-laying mammals. Marsupials. The higher mammals. Reproduction and development of vertebrate animals. Evolutionary relationships among the members of animals kingdom.

7 127 BIO 323 BIOFIZIKA i: dr. G.Saulis b) darbas su literatûra 43 Þiniø patikrinimas (kolokviumas, egzaminas) 7 BIO 324 KURSINIS DARBAS NR. 1 DALYKO APIMTIS 2 KREDITAI i: doc.dr. M.S.Venslauskas doc.dr. A.Paulauskas dr. G.Saulis dr. I.Ðatkauskienë habil.dr. V.Mildaþienë DALYKO VALANDØ PASISKIRSTYMAS Literatûros studijavimas 40 Duomenø kaupimas ir analizë 20 Duomenø apiforminimas 20 Ið viso 80 Biofizikos tyrimo objektas, metodai. Vidumolekulinë ir tarpmolekulinë sàveika. Monomerø ir biopolimerø konformacijos. Biosistemø termodinamika. Biomechanika. Recepcijos biofizika (klausa, pusiausvyra, echolokacija, regëjimas, elektrorecepcija). Membranø biofizika. Bioelektriniai potencialai. Elektromagnetiniø laukø sàveika su biologinëmis sistemomis, Molekuliniai mechanizmai, kompiuteriai. Nanotechnologija. 1. M.S.Venslauskas, Biofizika. - Kaunas : VDU, p. 2. Walter Hoppe et al. (ed.). Biophysics - Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p. 3. B. Alberts et. al., Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4 th Edition, Garland Pub, p. 4. Kensal E. van Hulde et. al., Principles of Physical Biochemistry. - Prentice Hall, Inc., p. KURSINIO DARBO TURINYS Savarankiðkas studentø namø darbas pagal jø paèiø pasirinktà probleminæ temà ið biofizikos, morfofiziologijos, neurobiologijos, mikrobiologijos, genetikos ir molekulinës biologijos. Darbo tikslas iðnagrinëti mokslinës problemos esmæ ir suprantamai iðdëstyti pateikiant jà stendo pavidalu, iliustruojant brëþiniais, grafikais bei schemomis. Darbe turi atsispindëti ankstyvesniø studijø metu ágytos þinios ið biologijos, fizikinës chemijos, fizikos bei matematinës statistikos. Literatûrà ið naujausiø þurnalø bei interneto susiranda pats studentas. Darbas vieðai ginamas visos grupës stendiniø praneðimø sesijoje. BIO 323 BIOPHYSICS The object of biophysics. Biophysics of molecular interactions. Conformations of macromolecules. Biomechanics. Biophysics of sensory systems (vision, hearing, vestibular system, echolocation, electroreception). Structure and functions of biomembranes. Origin of bioelectrical potentials (resting potential, action potential, propagation of excitation, Hodgkin-Huxley equations, electrocardiography and BIO 324 TERM PAPER NO. 1 The aim of the paper is analysis of one of running problems based on publications in scientific journals on Biophysics, Morphophysiology, Neurobiology, Microbiology, Genetics and Molecular Biology. The issue of study must be presented as a poster ilustrated by schemes and graphics. The knowelege and skills of previous studies must be exposed du-

8 128 Vytauto Didþiojo universitetas BIO 325 GYVÛNØ BIOLOGIJOS LAUKO PRAKTIKA DALYKO APIMTIS 2 KREDITAI dr. I.Ðatkauskienë Praktiniai uþsiëmimai (ekspedicinës iðvykos) 40 Referatas 15 Individualus savarankiðkas darbas 20 Þiniø patikrinimas (atsiskaitymas) 5 Ið viso 80 Gamtinëse sàlygose studijuoti gyvûnø sistematikà, biologijà ir ekologijà, praktiðkai átvirtinti teorinio kurso metu ágytas þinias. Vandens bestuburiø ekspedicinis tyrimas: bentosas; planktonas. Sausumos bestuburiai: nariuotakojai (naktinis stebëjimas, medþiagos rinkimas); moliuskai (stebëjimas, medþiagos rinkimas). Þuvø lauko ekspedicinis tyrimas. Amfibijø ir ropliø stebëjimas. Paukðèiø þiedavimas Ventës rago ornitologinëje stotyje, atpaþinimas ið giesmës, skrendanèio silueto. Þinduoliø stebëjimas ir tyrimas gamtoje. BIO 326 BIOINFORMATIKA IR BIOMODELIAVIMAS s dr. A.Þiemys Analitiniai savarankiðki darbai (praneðimai) 67,5 þiniø ávertinimo. Bioinformatikos iðtakos ir vieta biologijoje. Baltymø duomenø bazës. DNR ir RNR duomenø bazës. Molekulinis modeliavimas ir skaitmeninë biologija: paskirtis, programinë áranga. Maþos molekulinës masës junginiø skaitmeniniai formatai, struktûros skaièiavimai, junginiø fiziko-cheminiø savybiø skaièiavimai ir modeliavimas. Makromolekuliø erdvinës struktûros, PDB standarto bylø formatas. Amino r. in silico mutacijos baltymuose ir rezultatø panaudojimas. Makromolekuliø ir ligandø kompleksacijos modeliavimo pagrindai, molekulinës dinamikos (MD) skaièiavimai ir panaudojimas. Molekulinio modeliavimo panaudojimo biologijoje pavyzdžiai. 1. S.Paltanavièius. Pëdsekio vadovas. Vilnius, V.Logminas, J.Prûsaitë, J.Virbickas. Vadovas Lietuvos stuburiniams paþinti. Vilnius, J.Virbickas. Lietuvos þuvys. Vilnius, Lietuvos fauna / Þinduoliai. Vilnius, 1988.; Paukðèiai. T.1,2. Vilnius, Baxevanis A.D., Francis Ouellette B.F., Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins, 2nd edition / Wiley-Interscience, p. 2. Attwood T., Parry-Smith D., Introduction to Bioinformatics / Prentice Hall, p. 3. Sensen C.W., Essentials of Genomics and Bioinformatics / Vch Verlagsgesellschaft Mbh, p. BIO 325 FIELD WORK IN ANIMAL BIOLOGY Recognition introduction to main systematic groups animals, their ecology, learning of study methods in biology in field conditions, collecting of material zoology; preparation. Expeditionary research invertebrate of water: bentose; Plankton. Terrestrial Invertebbate: Arthropods; Mollusca (Collecting of material). The fishes research in field. Study of amphibians and reptiles in field research. Ringing of birds in ornithology station of Ventës Ragas. Recognition of bbirds songs and types of flying. Field methods in mammalogy. BIO 326 BIOINFORMATICS & BIOMODELLING The main task is the overview and introduction into the basic concepts of bioinformatics and other related matter with the modeling of biological systems. Worldwide databases of proteins, DNA/RNA. Molecular modeling and computation biology. Common file formats of chemical compounds, molecular structure calculations and prediction of chemical/physical properties of compounds. PDB file format and macromolecules. The principels of complexation calculation of macromolecules and ligands. Molecular dynamics concepts and applications. Examples

9 129 BIO 411 LÀSTELËS BIOLOGIJA habil.dr. V.Mildaþienë Làstelës teorija. Làsteliø tipai, jø tyrimo metodai. Citoplazma. Plazminë membrana. Medþiagø pernaða làstelëje. Baltymø rûðiavimas ir paskirstymas. Molekuliniai ðaperonai. Citoskeletas. Làsteliø judëjimas. Làstelës branduolys. Làstelës ciklas. Endoplazminis tinklas ir Goldþi kompleksas. Lizosomos. Ubikvitino/26S proteosomos sistema. Peroksisomos. Mitochondrijos, jø DNR mutacijos. Augalø làsteliø ypatybës. Plastidës. Tarplàsteliniai ryðiai. Tarplàstelinis matriksas. Apoptozë. 1. Lodish H., Baltimore D., Berk A., Zipursky S.L., Matsudaira P., Darnell J. Molecular Cell Biology. N.Y.: Scientific American Books, Becker M., Reece J.B., Poenie M.F. The world of the cell. - The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, NY, Wokingham, UK, Amsterdam, Bonn, etc Karp G. Cell and Molecular Biology. - John Willey and Sons, Inc., Alberts, B., Bray D., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Watson K. Molecular Biology of the Cell. - New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., BIO 411 CELL BIOLOGY The cell theory. Cytoplasm. Structure and function of plasmic membrane. Transport of substances in the cell. Protein targeting. Organisation of cytoskeleton. Cell movement Nucleus. DNA organisation. Molecular chaperones. Endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi complex. Lysosomes. Peroxisomes. Mitochondrial function and autonomy. Pecularities of the plant cell. Cell cycle. Cell division. Intercellular contacts and cell adhesion. Intercellular matrix. Intercellular signal transduction. Apoptosis. BIO 412 MORFOFIZIOLOGIJA s prof. E.Këvelaitis dr. S.Ðatkauskas DALYKO VALANDØ PASISKIRSTYMAS a) pasiruoðimas praktiniams darbams ir darbø gynimas 22,5 Þiniø patikrinimas (kolokviumas, ezaminas) 5 Kolokviumas 30 % galutinio paþymio, praktiniai pažymio. Homeostazë, funkcinë sistema. Refleksas. CNS refleksinë veikla. Sinapsë. Mediatoriai. Nerviniai centrai ir jø savybës. CNS vaidmuo motorikoje ir sensorikoje. Nervinë vegetaciniø funkcijø reguliacija. Aukðtoji nervinë veikla. Kraujo fiziologija. Ðirdies fiziologija. Širdies veiklos reguliacija. EKG, vektrokardiografija. Kraujagysliø fiziologija, kraujospûdþio reguliacija. Limfa. Kvëpavimo fiziologija,kvëpavimo reguliacija. Virðkinimo trakto funkcija. Mitybos fiziologijos pagrindai. Ekskrecija. Inkstø veiklos nervinë ir humoralinë reguliacija. Endokrininiø liaukø ir hormonø bendra charakteristika, reguliacijos mechanizmai. Audiniø hormonai. 1. Abraitis R., Cibas P., Gronow G., ir kt. Þmogaus fiziologija. Kaunas, Këvelaitis E., Ratkevièius A., Miliauskas R. Kompiuterizuoti fiziologijos praktikos darbai. 1d., 1994., 2d., Deetjen P., Speckmann E. J. Physiologie. Urban and Schwarzenberg. - München, BIO 421 MORPHOPHYSIOLOGY Homeostasis. Central nervous system (CNS). General features of nervous centres. Role of CNS in somatosensory and motor control. Central control of autonomic functions. Integrative CNS functions. Blood physiology. Heart physiology. Heart authomaticity. Regulation of heart functions. Electrocardiography, vectorcardiography and the other methods of heart investigation. Physiology of vascular system. Blood presure. Special circulations and lymphatics. Respiratory physiology. Control of breathing. Functions of gastrointestinal tract. Regulation of motility and secretion.

10 130 Vytauto Didþiojo universitetas BIO 413 EKOSISTEMØ ANALIZË s doc.dr. M.S.Venslauskas Praktiniai uþsiëmimai (laboratoriniai darbai, seminarai) 22,5 BIO 414 EVOLIUCIJA IR POPULIACIJØ GENETIKA s doc.dr. A.Paulauskas Praktiniai uþsiëmimai (laboratoriniai darbai, seminarai) 22,5 Kolokviumas 30 % galutinio paþymio, aktyvumas seminaruose, laboratoriniai darbai 20 % galutinio paþymio, egzaminas 50 % galutinio Gamtos mokslai ir aplinka. Esminës sistemø teorijos sàvokos. Ekosistema: sandara, struktûra ir funkcijos. Ekosistemø, esanèiø arti, bei nutolusiø nuo pusiausvyros, tyrimas bioenergetiniu poþiûriu. Ekosistemø modeliavimas: logistinës ir Voltero-Lotkos lygtys. Natûraliø ekosistemø tyrimas ir modeliavimas. Ekosistemø tyrimo duomenø ir modeliø panaudojimas aplinkosaugai. Ekosistemø teorija ir subalansuota plëtra. 1. Anderson S.H., Beisw Anger R.E., Purdon P.W. Environmental Science - New York, Oxford, Singapore, Sydney: Maxwell Mcmillan International, Begon M., Harper J.L., Townsend C.R. Ecology Chiras D.D. Environmental Science, Action for a Sustainable Future, Patten B.C., ed. Complex Ecology. - Prentice Hall PTR, Organizmø evoliucijos mokslas ir jo vieta gamtos mokslø sistemoje. Evoliucijos tyrimo metodai. Pagrindiniai gyvybës raidos etapai. Filogenija ir genetiniai tyrimai. Mikroevoliucija. Makroevoliucija, rûðiø susidarymas. Adaptacijos. Populiacijø vaidmuo evoliuciniuose procesuose. Hardy-Wainbergo dësnis. Populiacijø genetinës struktûros parametrai; aleliø ir genotipø daþniai. Populiacijø genetinis kintamumas: polimorfizmas, heterozigotiðkumas, aleliø sakièius lokuse. Genetinis panaðumas ir distancijos. Gamtinës atrankos, migracijø, mutacijø ir genø dreifo poveikis populiacijoms 1. Maynard S. J. Evolutionary genetics. Oxford, Ayala F.J., Kiger J. A. Modern genetics California, London, Amsterdam: Benjamin/ Cummings Publishing Comp.[Yra leidimas rusø k.: Maskva 1-3t,1987/88], Li. First cors of population genetics BIO 413 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS Natural science and environment. The main concepts of system theory. Ecosystem: organization, structure and functions. The bioenergetic approach of ecosystem analysis near and far from equilibrium. The modeling of ecosystems: logistic and Volttera-Lotka equations. Investigation and modeling of real natural ecosystems. Application of ecosystem modeling in Environmental management. Ecosystems theory BIO 414 EVOLUTIONARY AND POPULATION GENETICS It analyses basic principles of inheritance and genetics variability of population. Phylogeny and genetic studies. Hardy-Wainberg equilibrium. Measures of populations genetic structure: allele and genotype frequences. Genetic variability and heterogenety. Genetic similarity and distance. Role of natural selection, migration, mutation in population diversity.

11 131 BIO 415 GYVÛNØ EKOLOGIJA Dëstytojos: dr. I.Ðatkauskienë dr. D.Skiriute DALYKO VALANDØ PASISKIRSTYMAS Gyvûnø ekologijos tyrimo metodai. Parazitai: protistai, helmintai, jø ekologija, biologinis vaidmuo ir reikðmë. Parazitoidai, biologinis vaidmuo ir reikðmë. Bestuburiø (laisvai gyvenanèiø kirmëliø; nariuotakojø; moliuskø) ekologija. Stuburiniø (þuvø, amfibijø, ropliø, paukðèiø, þinduoliø) ekologija, biologinis vaidmuo ir reikðmë. 1. R.Kazlauskas Bestuburiø zoologija Vilnius: Mokslas, Maèionis Stuburiniø zoologija Vilnius: Begon M. Towsend C. Ecology: Individuals, Population and Communioties Mieþiulis D., Starodubaitë M. Zoologija. Vilnius: Siveida, BIO 415 ANIMAL ECOLOGY Ecology of Parasites (Protests, Helminth, Parasitoids). Ecology of Invertebrates (Arthropods, Arachnida, Mollusca). Ecology of Vertebrates (Fishes, Amphibians Birds, Mam- BIO 416 EKOGENOTOKSIKOLOGIJA IR SVEIKATA i: dr. D.Skiriute prof. G.Hyden D.Ambrasienë DALYKO VALANDØ PASISKIRSTYMAS Praktiniai uþsiëmimai (laboratoriniai darbai, seminarai) 22,5 a) pasiruoðimas praktiniams darbams ir darbø gynimas 22,5 Ið viso 120 Kolokviumas 30 % galutinio paþymio, praktiniai Ekosistemø struktûra ir funkcija. Þmogus svarbus ekosistemos veiksnys. Biologiniai, fizikiniai ir cheminiai sàveikos þmogus aplinka aspektai. Aplinka ir paveldumas. Nepaveldimos ir paveldimos þmogaus reakcijos á aplinkos poveikius. Chromosominës, làstelinës bei viso organizmo reakcijos. Aplinkos-þmogaus sàveikos genetinio poveikio kontrolë. Aplinka ir psichologija. Sociopsichologiniai stresoriai. Psichologinio streso rûðys. Stresas ir psichologiniai sutrikimai. Stresas ir emocijos. Stresas ir sveikatos kokybë. Gentinës toksikologijos objektas. 1. Ryden L., Migula P., Andersson M. Environmental Science: understanding, protecting, and managing the environment in the Baltic Sea region / Uppsala: The Baltic University Press, p. 2. Lazutka J. Genetinë toksikologija: mokomoji knyga / Vilnius: Vilniaus Universiteto leidykla, p. 3. Ranèelis V. Genetika: vadovëlis aukðtosioms mokykloms / Vilnius: Lietuvos Mokslø Akademijos leidykla, p. BIO 416 ECOGENOTOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH Structure and function of ecosystem. Human contribution to ecosystem. Environment human interactions: biological, chemical and physical aspects. Environment and heredity. Heritable and non-heritable responses to environment impact: chromosomal, cell and organism responses. Control of genetic consequences of environment human interactions. Genetic toxicology. Environment and psychology. Socio psychological stresses. Types of psychological stress. Stress and psychological disorders. Stress and emotions. Stress and human health quality.

12 132 Vytauto Didþiojo universitetas BIO 417 KURSINIS DARBAS NR. 2 DALYKO APIMTIS 2,5 KREDITØ i: doc.habil.dr. V.Mildaþienë doc.dr. M. S.Venslauskas doc.dr. A.Paulauskas dr. I.Ðatkauskienë dr. O.Buzaitë dr. G.Saulis dr. S.Ðatkauskas Literatûros studijavimass 20 Eksperimentinis darbas 50 Duomenø analizë 20 Duomenø apiforminimas 10 Ið viso 100 Savarankiðkas studentø darbas skirtas ávairiø biologinø, biofizikos, ekosistemø dinamikos ar ekologinio modeliavimo problemø nagrinëjimui remiantis paskutinëmis mokslinëmis publikacijomis bei eksperimentinio darbo rezultatais. Darbas turi bûti parengtas ir pristatytas kaip stendinis praneðimas, iliustruotas schemomis bei grafikais ir vieðai apgintas studentø grupës stendiniø praneðimø sesijoje BIO 421 LYGINAMOJI GYVÛNØ MORFOLOGIJA s doc. dr. D. H. Pauþa b) darbas su literatûra 43 Þiniø patikrinimas (kolokviumas, egzaminas) 7 Gyvulinës làstelës morfologija; làsteliø diferenciacijos ir audiniø susidarymo mechanizmai; epitelinis, jungiamasis, raumeninis ir nervinis audiniai; stuburiniø gyvûnø griauèiø, raumenø bei kaulø jungèiø sandara; kvëpavimo, virðkinimo, kraujotakos, ðalinimo bei dauginimosi organai; centrinë ir periferinë nervø sistemos; specialiø jutimø regos, klausos, pusiausvyros, skonio, uoslës organai bei odos sandara. 1. Kublickienë O. Lyginamosios histologijos pagrindai Vilnius, Maèionis A. Stuburiniø zoologija Vilnius: Mokslas, Pavilionis S. ir kt. Þmogaus anatomija - Vilnius: Mokslas, Hadorn E., Wehner R. Bendroji zoologija - Maskva: Mir, Kent G.C. Comparative anatomy of the vertabrates - St.Louis, Toronto, Santa Clara: Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing, BIO 417 TERM PAPER NO. 2 The independent home work concerning one of the running problems of Biology, Ecology, Biophysics, Ecosystem Analysis or Ecodynamics. The analysis of problem must be based on update issues published in new scientific journals and internet. The issues of theoretical and experimental investigation must be presented as a poster illiustrated by schemes, graphics and discussed at the students poster session. BIO 421 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF ANIMALS Bases of histology: cell morphology and differentiation, development of the tissue; systems and types of tissues. Bases of histology: muscle, connective and neural tissue. Subject of gross anatomy. Methods in anatomy. Systems of organs. Anatomy and evolution of a skeleton. Evolution of a skull. Junctions of the bones. Muscles and their evolution. Evolution of the nervous system. Central nervous system. Spinal cord. Brain. Peripheral nervous system. Sensory organs. Autonomic nervous system. Evolution of organs. Anatomy of organs of equilibrium and hearing. General anatomy of visceral organs. Evolution of respiratory, digestive, urogenital systems. Endocrine glands.

13 133 BIO 422 NEUROBIOLOGIJA s dr. S.Ðatkauskas DALYKO VALANDØ PASISKIRSTYMAS Kolokviumas 30% galutinio paþymio, praktiniai darbai 20 % galutinio paþymio, egzaminas 50% galutinio Neuronø funkcionavimo molekuliniai mechanizmai, nerviniø tinklø organizacijos ir funkcionavimo principai apdorojant informacijà ir koordinuojant gyvûno ar þmogaus elgesá. Nervinio signalo generavimo, kodavimo ir perdavimo mechanizmai. Nervinës sistemos evoliucija ir vystymasis. Sensoriniø bei motoriniø sistemø funkcionavimo mechanizmai. Bioritmø bei emocijø kilmë. Aukðtesniosios nervinës veiklos principai: atmintis, mokymasis, kalba ir paþinimas. 1. Kandel E. R., Schwartz J. H., Jessell T. M. Principles of Neural Sciences. - New York: McGraw-Hill/Appleton & Lange, p. 2. Rosenzweig M.R, Leiman A.L, Breedlove S.M. Biological Psychology. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, p. 3. Kalat J.W. Biological Psychology. California: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. Belmont, p. 4. Abraitis R., P. Cibas, G. Gronow ir kt. Þmogaus fiziologija. Kaunas: Kauno medicinos universitetas, p. BIO 422 NEUROBIOLOGY The analysis of the molecular organization of the nerve cell, and the ways that nerve cells are organized into functional circuits that process information and mediate behavior. Generation, encoding and transmition of nervous signals. The evolution and the development of the nervous system. The basic principles of sensory and motor systems. The basic of the biorhythms and emotions. The basics of higher activities of

14 134 Vytauto Didþiojo universitetas

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