Climate Characteristics of Lao PDR by. Khambai SAYPASEUTH. Regional Seminar on Aeronautical Meteorology Services in Asia

Transcription

1 Climate Characteristics of Lao PDR by Khambai SAYPASEUTH Regional Seminar on Aeronautical Meteorology Services in Asia (Beijing, P.R China, April, 2011) 1

2 Outline Background Weather of Lao PDR Current Status of Operational System, Aeronautical Facilities Relevant Forecast Experiences Gaps & Needs Conclusion 2

3 Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) DMH Headquarters 3

4 Background China Myanmar Lao P.D.R Vietnam L V a o Thailand i e t P D n R a m Lao PDR is a landlocked country situated in the central of the Indochina peninsula (Southeast Asia). It is bordered by five neighboring countries namely Vietnam, China, Myanmar, Thailand and Cambodia. Lao PDR has a total area of 236,800 square kilometers with the population of around 6 millions. The country has 16 provinces and one capital city. Cambodia 4

5 Lao PDR is geographically setting of three ecological zones: (i). Plains of the Mekong River and its major tributaries. (ii). Mountainous areas: Theextensivemountain ranges cover 70 percent of the entire territory, stretching from the left bank of the Mekong River. (iii). High plateaus.

6 Weather of Lao PDR Lao People s Democratic Republic has tropical Climate. The general circulation over the country is dominated by monsoons, steady winds blow alternately from the Northeast and the Southwest directions. These winds cause seasonal variations of climate and rainfall. There are two seasons: 1). Dry season: Northeast monsoon from mid October to mid May, atmospheric pressure is high, it s a dry period with low humidity, low temperature, and minimum rainfall.

7 Dry Season - Lowest temperature in December January (13 17 C). - Highest temperature in April (35 38 C). - The annual average temperature is 26 C. - The absolute minimum temperature recorded C at station Xiengkhuang on 25 December The absolute maximum recorded temperature is 44.0 C at station Savannakhet on 07 April 1974.

8 2). Wet Season: Southwest monsoon from mid May to mid October.It is a period which brings stream of warm moist air from Bay Bengal and Gulf of Thailand to Lao PDR causing abundant rain with high humidity over the country. Normally the onset date of southwest monsoon takes place over Laos on 15th May of the year. In some years the earliest onset date can take place in late April with more frequent thundery rain showers. In different parts of the country, the rainy season is not beginning and ending at the same time. 8

9 wet season - The average annual precipitation ranges from millimeters which 80 % were concentrated from May to September - The relative humidity ranges from %. - The absolute minimum relative humidity recorded 8 % at station Xayaboury on 17 February The maximum wind recorded 37m/s at Station DMH head quarter on 11 May

10 Flood and Drought Average about 3 Tropical Cyclones per annum of various intensities, after made landfall to Republic of Vietnam, these TCs best tracked through Lao territory where these TCs cause prolonged heavy rainfall and flooding. There are also flash floods and landslides associated with heavy long lasted rainfall in mountainous areas. Drought spell about 2 3 weeks often occurs during the end of June to the beginning of July during the crop planting season causing harmful drawbacks to crop yield.

11 Current Status of Operational Systems, Aeronautical Facilities 11

12 DMH Lao PDR has neither Automated Weather Station (AWS) nor Upper Air Station and Wind Profiler. Lack of capabilities in personnel skills and financial constraints. All existing land surface observation stations are manned, conventional analogue type. Weather Observation Tasks and message encoding are carried out manually 12

13 Surface Observation 13

14 Meteorological Network in Lao PDR RBSN = 19 RBCN = 4 Secondary Climate = 29 Typical meteo station with Conventional instruments 14

15 These stations provide routine aeronautical observation (METAR), only 4 stations issue TAF & SIGMET VLVT VLPL VLLB VLSG VLPS VLLN VLSK VLOS VLSN VLPX VLXK VLTK VLSB VLAP VLHS VLSV

16 Rain Gauge stations in Lao PDR = 93 Classical manual type rain gauge 16

17 Weather Monitoring 17

18 C Band Doppler Weather RADAR 8 th Floor 6 th Floor Equipment:Operation, Control & Maintenance Observation & Forecasting 1st Floor 18

19 High Data Rate Spread Spectrum Transceiver (SST) Radar Tower Site DMH Headquarters Hi speed Data TX & RX of 54Mbps 2.4GHz, Wireless Link (Point to Point) Main targeted Service For Safety Air Navigation Air Traffic Control Tower Site International Airport (Wattay) 19

20 Geostationary Satellite Receiving Systems Satellite Ground Receiving Station Geostationary MTSAT (JMA). & FENGYUN Cast (CMACast) 5 channel imagers: IR1 ; IR2 ; IR3 ; IR4=WV ; VIS 20

21 MTSAT Satellite Ground Receiving Station Data Collection & Dissemination FENGYUN Cast Satellite Receiving Station C Band Doppler RADAR ADSL 128/ 256kbps DMH s Data Collection and Dissemination Center Weather Forecast and Aeronautical Meteorology WMO GTS RTH Bangkok FTP (TCP/IP) 64kbps Flood Forecast RBSN & RBCN + Secondary Climatic Sts. 48 HF Radio VSAT ICAO s AFTN Hydrological Stations 85 Earthquake Stations 2 Government; Public; End Users = Disaster Risk Management & EWS 21

22 50 Algiers NI RTH in Region II NMC in Region II Centre in other region MTN circuit Regional circuit Interregional circuit Additional circuit NI No implementation Jeddah Data Exchange via WMO s Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network in Region II (Asia) Non-IP link IP link transmission 512K Washington 2M IMTN MDCN MPLS Baghdad Kuwait Bahrain 2.4K Doha Offenbach 200 Muscat 100 Abu-Dhabi 1200 Sanaa Toulouse NI MPLS NI 2M 128K Tehran NI Moscow K (V.34) Ashgabad K (V.34) 50 NI NI Karachi 75 Cairo K (V.34) Male Kabul Almaty K (V.34) Tashkent NI 100 Lao P D R NI Bishkek K (V.34) K(V.34) Dushanbe Thimpu NI New Delhi Colombo K IMTN MDCN MPLS 128K Offenbach Dhaka via Moscow 50 Novosibirsk EUMETSAT 2M Kathmandu Yangon Singapore IMTN MDCN MPLS 2M 128K 2M MPLS Melbourne K MPLS 2M K (V.34) Ulaanbaatar MPLS 2M CMA PCVSAT 2M F/R CIR <16/16K> 14.4K CMA PCVSAT 100 Moscow Beijing Vientiane Bangkok 75 CMA PCVSAT via Moscow MPLS 2M Hanoi 1200 F/R CIR <16/16K> Khabarovsk K (V.34) Macao 9.6K PyongYang 2M F/R CIR <32/32K> Seoul Hong Kong ISDN 128K Phnom Penh Kuala Lumpur K (V.34) 1M IMTN MDCN MPLS 1M IMTN MDCN MPLS 128K F/R CIR <16/16K> F/R CIR <16/16K> F/R CIR <16/16K> Manila Washington IMTN-MDCN CIR<32/768K> F/R CIR <16/16K> 768K Tokyo IMTN-MDCN CIR<16/32K> Melbourne 22 32K

23 Relevant Forecast Experiences The Weather Forecast and Aeronautical Division consist of following staff: 3 Senior forecasters : Chief of 3 shift team works 6 Operational forecasters : 2 at a shift team 4 Technicians for Data communications

24 Personal relevant Experiences: I graduated a technician course on operational meteorology and hydrology at DMH Training Center I have worked for Weather Forecast Division and Met Office at Vientiane International Airport,5 years I got Training on Aviation Meteorology at Republic Of Korea ( ASEAN ROK Programmed) Basics on Aeronautical Meteorology Routine aviation Observation and Met Reports Basic Knowledge on METAR, SPECI, TAF & SIGMET Basic knowledge on RADAR data & Satellite imagery applications Practices on message TX & RX via AFTN circuit.

25 Gaps & Needs In Lao PDR there are urgent needs for improvement of personnel and technical facilities: I. Training of Standard forecasters to conform with ICAO and WMO regulations, currently lack of both quantity and quality. II. SOP for Aeronautical Meteorology Services for all Lao airports to comply the Standards and Recommended Practices specified in WMO Technical Regulations (Chapter C.3.1)/ ICAO Annex 3, including install Met Instruments at airports with proper hardware and software.

26 Conclusion This Regional Seminar on Aeronautical Meteorology Services in Asia actually provides best opportunity for Least Developed Country, like Lao PDR, to improve its Capacity in this field. DMH Lao PDR really expects to be able to utilize and get the profit of the Asia Aeronautical Meteorology Service Website We believe that the SIGMET Advisory trial and related applications will contribute great help to enhance aeronautical meteorology services in Lao PDR. Taking this good chance, may I express sincere thanks to CMA and WMO for all supports. Thank You!!

27 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION