Country Presentation-Nepal

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1 Country Presentation-Nepal Mt.Everest, Shiva Pd. Nepal, DHM South Asia Drought Monitor Workshop Dhaka Bangladesh 2 th April 215

2 Overview Brief Climatology Climate activities- DHM PPCR (Pilot Program for Climate Resilience) and BRCH Drought related activities in Nepal

3 Brief Climatology -General Seasons in Nepal Nepal is strongly Influenced by Monsoon Circulation Based on Monsoon Phenomenon Four Seasons Pre- Monsoon( March-May) Monsoon( June September) Post Monsoon( October- November) Winter ( December- February)

4 Normal rainfall (mm) % of Normal rainfall Seasonal/Monthly Rainfall Variation Winter Premonsoon Monsoon Postmonsoon Season 6 Monthly Rainfall Variation Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Ju l Au g Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Source: DHM

5 Normal Monsoon and winter Rainfall Pattern 3 3 Dadeldhura Monsoon Normal precipitation (mm) ( ) Jumla Fig.2: Winter normal precipitation (mm) Dadeldhura Dipayal 29 Dhangadhi 29 Dhangadhi Surkhet Nepalgunj Jumla Dipayal Pokhara Surkhet Nepalgunj Dang 28 Pokhara Dang 28 Kathmandu Kathmandu Bhairahawa Bhairahawa Taplejung Okhaldhunga Simara Dhankuta 27 Dhankuta 27 Biratnagar Taplejung Okhaldhunga Simara Biratnagar

6 Rainfall (mm) Monsoon Trends Onset & Withdrawal Trend of Monsoon Onset Trend of Monsoon Withdrawal Source: Saraju K Baidya,, M. L. Shrestha Year No trend

7 Days Rainfall Extremes y =.4161x Number Number of days of with rainy rain days >= 1 mm y = x R 2 R 2 =.563 =.664 Year Increase in frequency of heavy rainfall events (> 1 mm/day) Source : S. Baidya,DHM

8 1-Jun 12-Jun 23-Jun 4-Jul 15-Jul 26-Jul 6-Aug 17-Aug 28-Aug 8-Sep 19-Sep 3-Sep Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (%) Heavy rainfall of th August, 214 Western Nepal flood (13-14 August 214) People Death Missing Injured Surkhet Accum. Normal Accum. 214(mm / %) Date

9 Characteristics of Winter Precipitation 3 Fig.2: Winter normal precipitation (mm) Dadeldhura 29 Dhangadhi Surkhet Nepalgunj y = x y =.69x Jumla Dipayal Pokhara Dang Biratnagar Year Winter Fog/ cold wave Winter droughts becoming more frequent Severe Extreme droughts observed in the recent decade Dhankuta 1976 Taplejung Okhaldhunga Simara Rainfall (mm) Kathmandu Bhairahawa

10 Winter drought SPI in 26 drought SPI in 29 drought SPI in 28 drought SPI Value: Drought Category: 2. and above Extremely wet Source : S. Baidya,DHM Water table decreased Wells, tube-wells, natural water spouts dried Water shortage Energy crisis declared (up to 16 hours of load-shedding/day) 1.5 to 1.99 Very wet 1. to 1.49 Moderately wet -.99 to.99 Near normal -1. to Moderately dry -1.5 to Severely dry -2. and less Extremely dry

11 Climate Activities-DHM Extreme Rainfall and Air Temperature Monitoring Daily temperature monitoring and Rainfall monitoring Monsoon Monitoring Weekly, Monthly and Seasonal Climate Reports Year Book publication

12 1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun 6-Jul 13-Jul 2-Jul 27-Jul 3-Aug 1-Aug 17-Aug 24-Aug 31-Aug 7-Sep 14-Sep 21-Sep 28-Sep 1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun 6-Jul 13-Jul 2-Jul 27-Jul 3-Aug 1-Aug 17-Aug 24-Aug 31-Aug 7-Sep 14-Sep 21-Sep 28-Sep Temperature anomaly ( C) Temperature anomaly ( C) Temperature ( C) Temperature ( C) Daily Temperature Monitoring at Kathmandu Airport 35 Daily Maximum temperature 35 Daily Minimum temperature Day (Month) Normal 2 12 Day (Month) Nor mal Daily Maximum temperature anomaly 8 Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Day (Month) Day (Month)

13 1-Jun 12-Jun 23-Jun 4-Jul 15-Jul 26-Jul 6-Aug 17-Aug 28-Aug 8-Sep 19-Sep 3-Sep Source : DHM Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (%) 1-Jun 12-Jun 23-Jun 4-Jul 15-Jul 26-Jul 6-Aug 17-Aug 28-Aug 8-Sep 19-Sep 3-Sep 1-Jun 12-Jun 23-Jun 4-Jul 15-Jul 26-Jul 6-Aug 17-Aug 28-Aug 8-Sep 19-Sep 3-Sep Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (%) Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (%) Monsoon 214 Accumulated Rainfall Janakpur Accum. Normal Accum. 214(mm / %) Kathmandu Accum. Normal Accum. 214(mm / %) Date Date Simara Accum. Normal Accum. 214(mm / %) Date

14 Source : DHM Nepal Average Monsoon Rainfall in 214 Nearly 87%

15 Project: Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR), Building Resilience to Climate Related Hazards (BRCH) Main Objectives Increase government capacity to mitigate Climate-related hazards by improving the accuracy and timeliness of weather and flood forecasts. Early Warnings for climate vulnerable communities. Developing agricultural management information system services to help farmers to mitigate climate-related production risks.

16 Under PPCR BRCH project: Establishment of 3 Radio sound Stations ( Vertical profile of Atmosphere). Establishment of 1 AWS (15 Agro met) and 74 Hydrological stations Establishment of 3 Weather Radar Stations to cover whole Nepal. Establishment of GIS Lab Improvement of Forecasting skills 3 to 5 days Improvement of Seasonal forecasting skills. Developing agricultural management information system services to help farmers to mitigate climate-related production risks -Agro Advisory and weather based Crop insurance for Formers in 25 pilot districts

17 AMIS Projects Pilot Districts

18 Proposed agro call center

19 Proposed SMS services

20 Proposed web portal

21

22 Drought related activities in Nepal Winter Drought monitoring -few case study using SPI ( DHM) Satellite Remote sensing based Crop Monitoring System (ICIMOD) Agro Advisory and weather based Crop insurance for Formers in 25 Pilot districts in Nepal ( PPCR project ( MoAD/DHM /NARC) Use of Space Technology for Drought Monitoring and Early Warning in Nepal (UNESCAP up coming project )

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