(Lao People s Democratic Republic) Presentation

Transcription

1 Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in Asia (Lao People s Democratic Republic) Presentation WIGOS related matters 9-11 September, Thimphu, Buthan Singthong Pathoummady Deputy Director-General, Department of Meteorology and Hydrology address: p.singthong@yahoo.com

2 Outline of the presentation 1. Introduction 2. Organizational Chart 3. Mission and Basic Info of Department of Meteorology and hydrology 4. Network of Observations within NMHS (current status) 5. Network of Observations outside of Met Services (current status) 6. Data collection, representation, exchange and management 7. Data applications and examples 8. Key achievements, opportunities & challenges (strength, weakness, major difficulty areas, potential risks, etc) 9. Future plans (new challenges and opportunities-forward looking) 10. Key recommendations 11. Summary

3 1. Introduction China Myanmar Vietnam Lao P D R L V i a o Thailand e t P n a D R m Cambodia landlocked country bordering with five neighboring countries; Lao PDR has been ranked as one LDC of WMO (RA II) s members, hence a small size NMHS with limited capacity in staff and budget; Facing various challenges in HRD and in scientific development.

4 1 Basic information of the country Lao P.D.R. is an inland country located in Indochina with about 1,700km of length from north to south. About 80% of the national land is composed of mountains and the Mekong River flows from the northern mountains to the central and southern plains along the border shared with Thailand. The Total population is around 6 millions of which the majority live in the plains or hilly areas stretching from the Mekong River or its tributaries which are directly and greatly damaged by floods or flash floods caused by adverse weather phenomena such as heavy rain due to the southwest monsoon or typhoon/tropical depression coming from the South China Sea. On the other hand, there are years when Lao P.D.R. suffers from extreme and serious droughts which have significant adverse impacts on agriculture, water transportation, access to water, etc. Aside from agriculture which engages around 80% of the population, the power, mine, tourism and manufacturing industries are also some of the main industries in Lao P.D.R. and all of them can be significantly affected by weather conditions. As a result, it can be said that there is a close relationship between meteorology/hydrology and the socio-economy in Lao P.D.R.

5 2. Major historical meteorological disaster events 1. The Southwest Monsoon started earlier and became more active than usual. 2. Five Typhoons hit Lao PDR : Haima (June 24) and Nock-ten (July 30-31) hit the Northern and Central areas causing significant damages; Haima (June 24) Nock-Ten (July30-31) Nesat (October 1) Nelgue (October 6) Haitang (September 27) 3. Stagnation of Monsoon Trough The amount of precipitation increased mainly in the Southern area during the second half of the monsoon season Typhoon Hitting Laos (2011)

6 <Precipitation in 2011> Observation Station Precipitation in 2011 (mm) Comparison with Average (%) Luangprabang 2, Vientiane 2, Savannakhet 1, Pakse 3, In particular, July had a large amount of rain in Monthly precipitation of Luangprabang and Vientiane was more than 600mm, and that of Pakse exceeded 1,000mm, 2.6 times greater than the average. Annual Precipitation (Average & 2011) Period Killed/Missing Affected Damaged May - October 42 persons 429,954 persons 12 provinces Cost of damages 1,764 Billion LAK US 220 million

7 3. Major National Economic Sectors relying on Met Services (1) Agriculture; (2) Transportation, including Aviation; (3) Hydropower Dams, (4) Mekong River Commission Forecasting Center, (5) National Disaster Management and Climate Change sector; (6) National Disaster Prevention and Control Committee; (7) Public, government institutions and NGOs;

8 DMH Headquarters (at Vientiane capital)

9 Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) Lao PDR is one government Agency under the auspice of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE) Organizational Structure of DMH composes of 6 Divisions at Headquarters, 17 Hydro-Met Services at Provincial and stations at District level.

10 2. Organizational Chart Governance structure Reporting lines (from NMHS to government) Partner parallel organization relevant to Met Services Internal structures (observing and telecommunication division/unit within your Met Services)

11 Organizational Chart of DMH Total staff = at HQ, Vientiane 157 at provinces Director General (1) Deputy Director General (3) Administrative - Planning Division (9) Legislation & ICT Division (3) Hydro-Met Services & Stations at Provincial and District Level (157) Weather Forecast and Aeronautical Met. Division (14) Meteorological Network and Earthquake Division (7) Hydrological Division (14) Climatological and Agro-Met Division (19)

12 Reporting Lines & Warnings Dissemination Network Hydropower dams Aviation Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) - LNMC - MRC MoNRE NDPCC + Line ministries NDMO Radio TVs Newspapers Government s Office Hydro-met. Offices at Provinces Local PDPCO Local Disaster Risk Governor s Office PNREO DDPCO VDPC Unit Areas District & Village level 12

13 Data Collection & Dissemination MTSAT Satellite Ground Receiving Station CMACast Satellite Receiving Station C Band Doppler RADAR ADSL Internet 128 / 256kbp s FTP (TCP/IP) 64kbps DMH s Data Collection and Dissemination Center Weather Forecast Center Flood Forecast Center WMO s GTS RTH Bangkok HF Radio VSAT RBSN & RBCN + Secondary Climatic Sts. 48 Hydrological Stations 85 Earthquake Stations 2 Government; Public; End Users = Disaster Risk Management & EWS 13

14 Data Flow to Users and Archiving Archived Digitized Devices Climate and Agro- Met. Division Hard Copies Storage Logbooks RTH Bang Kok Secondary Climatic Stations RBSN & RBCN Synoptic Stations Telecommunications Center at DMH s HQ Concerned End Users on demands End Users & Public Weather Forecast and Flood 14 Forecast

15 50 Algiers Internet NI Data Exchange via WMO s Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network in Region II (Asia) RTH in Region II Lao P D R NMC in Region II Centre in other region MTN circuit Regional circuit Interregional circuit Additional circuit NI No implementation Jeddah Non-IP link IP link Internet transmission 512K Washington 2M IMTN MDCN MPLS Baghdad 64K 64K Kuwait Bahrain 64K Internet 64K Internet 2.4K Doha Offenbach 200 Muscat Internet 100 Abu-Dhabi Internet 1200 Sanaa 64K Toulouse Internet NI Internet MPLS NI 2M 128K Tehran NI Moscow K (V.34) Ashgabad K (V.34) 50 NI NI Karachi 75 Internet Cairo 64K K (V.34) Male Kabul Almaty K (V.34) Tashkent NI 64K 100 Internet NI Bishkek K (V.34) Internet K(V.34) Dushanbe Thimpu NI New Delhi Internet Colombo 75 64K 512K IMTN MDCN MPLS 128K 64K Offenbach Dhaka K via Moscow 50 Novosibirsk EUMETSAT Internet 2M Kathmandu Yangon Singapore 64K K (V.34) IMTN MDCN MPLS 2M 128K 2M MPLS 50 64K Ulaanbaatar MPLS 2M Melbourne 512K CMA PCVSAT 2M Internet F/R CIR <16/16K> MPLS 2M 14.4K CMA PCVSAT 100 Moscow Beijing Vientiane 64K Bangkok 75 CMA PCVSAT via Moscow MPLS 2M Hanoi 1200 F/R CIR <16/16K> 64K Khabarovsk 64K 64K K (V.34) Macao 9.6K Internet PyongYang 2M F/R CIR <32/32K> 64K 128K Seoul Hong Kong ISDN 128K Phnom Penh Kuala Lumpur K (V.34) IMTN MDCN MPLS 1M IMTN MDCN MPLS F/R CIR <16/16K> 1M F/R CIR <16/16K> F/R CIR <16/16K> Manila Washington IMTN-MDCN CIR<32/768K> F/R CIR <16/16K> 768K Tokyo IMTN-MDCN CIR<16/32K> Melbourne 32K

16 3. DMH's Vision : (Simple, Service oriented) a ). Professional in providing meteorological, hydrological, environmental and climate services in support of safety and sustainable development of the Lao community; b). Highly competent in issuing meteorological and hydrological warnings to reduce the loss of life and property during severe weather; and c). Able to play an effective role in international and regional cooperation in the fields of meteorology and hydrology and Climate Service

17 Mission : (a) Collect and exchange meteorological and hydrological data in accordance with WMO regulations for analysis, forecasting and warnings to the public on hazardous weather; (b) Provide meteorological and hydrological data, information, forecasts and warnings to support activities of various sectors; (c) Understanding of the country's weather, climate and hydrological situation; and further strengthen researches for the advancement of meteorological and hydrological sciences; (d) Engage in international and regional cooperation in the fields of meteorology, including climatology, hydrology and seismology for the benefit of the nation;

18 Strategy : Set up Strategic Plan and prioritized Action Plans: DMH s Master Plan to be in line with National 7 th Economic Development Plan and the MoNRE s Five Year Strategic Goals ( ); To be harmonized with WMO Strategic Plan , especially the focus of RA II (ASIA- PACIFIC) : 3 Societal Needs, 5 Strategic Thrusts, 8 Expected Results. One of Priorities is Establishment of a multi-hazard early warning system for DRR ;

19 4. Network of Observations within Met Services (current status-cont.) 4.1 Surface stations: Wind Vane & Annemometer; Thermometers: Maxi, Mini, Phychrometer; Barometer & Barograph; Rain Gauge; Sunshine duration & Radiation; Evaporation Pan & Piche; Soil depth thermometers; Comunication : Single Side Band Radio/Telephone Data collection: Taking notes by staff

20 Surface Observation

21 Meteorological Network in Lao PDR RBSN = 19 RBCN = 4 Secondary Climate = 29 Typical meteo station with Conventional instruments 21

22 Rain Gauge stations in Lao PDR = 93 Classical manual type rain gauge 22

23 Hydrological Network 85 Water gauges Conventional Staff Gauge Slope Gauge Associated rain Gauge 23

24 Weather Monitoring 24

25 C Band Doppler Weather RADAR 8 th Floor 6 th Floor Equipment:Operation, Control & Maintenance Observation & Forecasting 1st Floor 25

26 High Data Rate Spread Spectrum Transceiver (SST) Radar Tower Site DMH Headquarters Hi-speed Data TX & RX of 54Mbps 2.4GHz, Wireless Link (Point to Point) Main targeted Service For Safety Air Navigation Air Traffic Control Tower Site International Airport (Wattay) 26

27 Geostationary Satellite Receiving Systems Satellite Ground Receiving Station Geostationary CMACast (CMA) & MTSAT (JMA) 5 channel imagers: IR1 ; IR2 ; IR3 ; IR4=WV ; VIS 27

28 Hydrological Cycle Observation Stations (MRC - HYCOS) Automated data acquisition and telemetry communication Mekong = 3 stations 1. Luangprabang 2. Vientiane (km4) 3. Pakse Tributaries = 9 st. 1. Muang Ngoy (Nam Ou) 2. Muang Nan (Nam Khan) 3. Phou Kout (Nam Ngum) 4. Napae (Nam Phao) 5. Xebangfai (Nam Xebangfai) 6. Mahaxai (Nam Xebangfai) 7. Sobnam (Nam Xebanghieng) 8. Kengdone (Nam Xebanghieng) Veunkhen (Nam Xekong)

29 Automatic data logger of HYCOS station Acquisition of data from sensors & upload into GPRS network 29

30 Real time data from HYCOS Stations National DataTerminal/Hydmet at DMH Telemetry Satellite MRC / FMMP GPRS FTP server Every 15mn Telemetry Mobile phone Interne t NMCs data terminal MRC HYCOS Station on Mekong & tributaries FTP server 30 30

31 Earthquake Facilities Under bilateral cooperation programme, the government of China provided assistance to DMH Lao PDR, established two earthquake stations and one EQ Data Center, including data communication link via Satellite (VSAT). The implementation by China Earthquake Administration ( C E A ) had been accomplished in the end of 2009.

32 Location of EQ Stations and Data Center China Myanmar Vietnam Lao P.D.R L V i a o Thailand e t P n D a R m Cambodia Station 1: LuangPrabang Latitude : Longitude: Elevation 19º54 N 102º09 E 305m Station 2: Lak Sao Latitude : Longitude: Elevation 18º12 N 104º59 E 522m Data Center: DMH Vientiane Latitude : Longitude: Elevation 17º57 N 102º40 E 171m 32

33 Earthquake Data Sharing Topology Data center at Beijing Station 2 Station 1 / Internet Real time Waveform data (C E A s VSAT) Data center at Vientiane / Internet A E I C and Other Centers Dedicated Link to be established

34 Earthquake Station & Instruments CTS-1 Very Broadband Flat-to-velocity response band at 3dB level: 360s~0.02 s Sensitivity: V/m/s BBAS-2 fore-balanced accelerometer Flat-to-acceleration response band at 3dB level: 3600s~ 360s Sensitivity: V/m/s 2 EDAS-24L6/EDAS- IPU digitizer EDSP software for single station 34

35 Earthquake Data Center & Server , 19:56, E101.45, N20.43 Ms=4.1 35

36 4. Network of Observations within Met Services (current status-cont.) 4.2 Upper-air and remote sensing stations Radiosonde/pilot-balloon stations : Not availbe Radar station: only one Doppler Type, C Band located at DMH HQ, Vientiane

37 5. Network of Observations outside Met Services (current status) Not available Observation network outside NMHS

38 6. Data collection, representation, exchange, and management 6. Knowledge about WIS and progress in WIS implementation WIS discovery metadata To be one NC, associated to GISC Tokyo: (but not yet operate) Capacity development : staff attended short training on WIS at JMA WIS National focal point : Assigned oe DMH staff Country s Principal GISC : Tokyo; and Associated GISC: Beijing Communication systems at national/international levels Access to Internet, GTS Migration to TDCF (reliance on TAC messages) Handling of messages : TAC messages to RTH Bangkok (TRANSMET) Visualisation of data : SYNERGIE (Meteo France) Ref: Regional WIS Implementation Plans

39 7. Data applications & examples 7.1 observational data utilization in real time disaster monitoring : Water level and rainfall data are reported at 7:00am local time : (showing warning alarm and dangerous criteria), satellite and radar data are also utilized; 7.2 data assimilation in NWP model : Not vailable 7.3 data utilization in climate monitoring Climatological data reported from domestic stations in addition to data received throgh GTS

40 7.4 data utilization in met services (for info) Meteorological data from local synoptic stations at three hour interval in addition to data received through GTS, Satellite and radar data are also utilized; Products and forecasts from other centers (NMHSs) are also utilized 7.5 data utilization in economic sectors: Statistical hydro-met data and forecasts;

41 Utilization of products from different NMHSs centers

42 CMA Cast and MICAPS DMH has started utilization of CMACast and MICAPS systems since early 2012, these information are used for weather monitoring and forecast: Satellite information; Rainfall estimation; Weather map analysis; NWP products CMA has transferred the knowledge to DMH during installation but it was very short time, therefore DMH would like to have more training about MICAPS

43 CMACast System in DMH-Lao PDR Server-Receiving Quick view Display MICAPS

44 Weather Analysis by using MICAPS

45 CMA products through Severe Weather Forecast Demonstration Project There are 5 menu: T639L6 0 Satellite T213EP Typhoon S EPS Ensemble Forecasts - Stations

46 There are 9 elements

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52 8. Key achievements, opportunities and challenges 8.1 Key achievements : Strength : Be able to apply the strategic directive guidance of government as well as strategic plan of RA II Recent developments : staff get trainings through WMO programmes; Signed MoUs with various partners, between NMHSs and sponsors, e.g. World Bank, ADB, JICA, etc and bilateral Agreements;

53 8.2 New opportunities WIGOS/WIS framework and implementation plan/activities will certainly help resolve LDCs in regard the difficulties with big invesment for establishing each own observing and analysis facilities; GFCS, DRR, Capacity Development will help enhancing the capacity of NMHSs and increase the profile of DMH; There is a need to mainstream the GFCS and DRR into National Societal and economic development as New development opportunity 8.3 Major challenges Weakness : limited capacity of staff major difficulty areas : Low visibility of government toward the financial support for development of DMH potential risks : Sustainability of facilities provided and installed in place which are initially supported by external sources ;

54 9. Future plans 5-10 year horizon 9.1 GFCS, UNFCCC will be put into project-base or action plan incorporating needs of other sectors for new observational requirements; 9.2 New national economic sectors development: hydropower and mining 9.3 Existing or potential future plans for improving observation and telecommunication networks: (i). World Bank supported Project: M=IWRMP & Network; (ii) ADB supported Project: Establish NEWC & Network; (iii). JICA : Improvement Hydro-Met Network, GTS, WIS 9.4 planned collaborations with partners: GEF/FAO on Agro- Met Network and seasonal climate prediction and service ;

55 10. Key recommendations 10.1 The government and national parliament to urgently adopt and promulgate the Law on Meteorology and Hydrology and its relevant Decrees for endorsement and applications; 10.2 Authorization for new recruitment of adequate staff in the areas, such as : Aeronautical meteorology, agro-meteorology, climate analysis and service delivery and Public Weather Service, NWP Models; To strengthen collaboration with line-agencies of the National Disaster Prevention and Control Committee for better coordination and taking actions of SOP; 10.3 WMO is requested to : Facilitate successful implementation of VCP or Trust project, such as KMA s COMS; Considering further support on other VCPs and Fellowships; Continue support mobilization for efficient participation in the RA II WIGOS Project to Develop Support for NMHSs in Satellite Data, Products and Training as well as other activities;

56 11. Summary Summary: 20 Synoptic stations 1 Radar station 29 Climatologial stations 85 Hydrological stations 93 Rain gauges To address Critical gaps: To renovate and install additional 50 Met stations and 50 hydro stations Renovate and add 200 rainfall stations To enhance the forecasting techniques and Modelling and EWS Collaborate with more stakeholders on hydro-meteorological data sharing and service delivry

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