COUNTRY PRESENTATION ON MR JAYNAL ABEDIN JOINT SECRETARY ( WORKS & DEVELOPMENT ) MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

Transcription

1 COUNTRY PRESENTATION ON By MR JAYNAL ABEDIN JOINT SECRETARY ( WORKS & DEVELOPMENT ) MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

2 Bangladesh Geographical Location of Bangladesh

3 Bangladesh

4 Country at a Glance Physical Features 1,230 m TOTAL AREA: 147,570 sq km LAND: 133,910 sq km (90%) WATER: 13,660 sq km (10%) Sunderban Highlands at southeastern and northeastern part Max Height

5 Bangladesh receive runoff from a catchment of 1.72 million sq-km, around 12 times of its land area Brahmaputra Basin 552,000 sq-km C H I N A Ganges Basin 1,087,000 sq-km BHUTAN I N D I A I N D I A BANGLADESH Meghna Basin 82,000 sqkm B A Y O F B E N G A L 5

6 Impact Channel of Climate Change Erratic rainfall Temperature rise Sea level rise and salinity intrusion Rise of extreme climatic events : flood frequency cyclone and storm surges droughts

7 Jun_01 Jun_05 Jun_09 Jun_13 Jun_17 Jun_21 Jun_25 Jun_29 Jul_03 Jul_07 Jul_11 Jul_15 Jul_19 Jul_23 Jul_27 Jul_31 Aug_04 Aug_08 Aug_12 Aug_16 Aug_20 Aug_24 Aug_28 Sep_01 Sep_05 Sep_09 Sep_13 Sep_17 Sep_21 Sep_25 Sep_29 Rainfall in mm Rainfall in mm Rainfall Pattern of Bangladesh Normal Rainfall in different months over Bangladesh Daily average monsoon rainfall modal value is 20.6 mm on 16 June and 21.1 mm on 10 July. The intra seasonal variation is 5-7 days with the changing value of 3-5 mm JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Months Day

8 IWFM, BUET, 2011 Rainfall Trend in Bangladesh

9 Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (mm) Seasonal Variation of Rainfall in Bangladesh y = x R 2 = y = x R 2 = Year Pre-Monsoon M onsoon_c Monsoon Year y = x R 2 = y = x R 2 = Post -Monsoon_C Year Winter_C Year Post-Monsoon Winter

10 Rainfall (mm) Over All Bangladesh y = 1.993x R 2 = Yearly_C Year Variation of Yearly Rainfall

11 Total Rainfall in mm Variation of Yearly Rainfall in Dhaka y = x R 2 = Year Yearly Variation of Yearly Rainfall

12 Spatial rainfall distribution of Bangladesh

13 Temperature Trend in Bangladesh Almost all the stations exhibit increasing trends in mean annual temperatures, C per century (100 years); Increase in winter (December- February) C IWFM, BUET, 2011

14 Seasonal Variation of Mean Temperature in Bangladesh Pre-Monsoon Monsoon Post-Monsoon Winter

15 Flood Bangladesh is facing floods almost every year due to heavier rainfall inside and outside the country. Major flood occurred from 1970 to 2009, but the frequency of major flood occurrenc has increased since million people have been displaced by floods since In 2000, about 3 million people became homeless due to inundation of 5 coastal districts. In 2004, 39 districts were affected, leaving 36 million people homeless.

16 Flooded Area from 1954 to 2011 twice during period (55 & 74) (33 years) 16

17 Water Level (mpwd) Flood in Bangladesh 21 Jamuna River at Bahadurabad Jan 19-Feb 9-Apr 29-May 18-Jul 6-Sep 26-Oct 15-Dec Danger Level Recorde Highest WL

18 Impact of Climate Change on Salinity Intrusion (5ppt Salinity line) Khulna Barisal Sundarbans Hiron Point Barguna Patuakhali 55 km 95 km Bhola 0 SLR 60 cm SLR 120 cm SLR

19 River Erosion in Jamuna During the last three decades. The Jamuna, Ganges and Meghna rivers have consumed about 180,000 ha land.

20 Inundation Risk Map Coastal Area 1 m Line 3 m Line 6 m Line

21 Climate change impacts in Bangladesh Cyclone/storm surge: increased frequency & intensity, increasing salinity Flood: increased frequency & magnitude Droughts: Spreading over time and space Erratic rainfall: Intensive rain in short time Temperature: extremely increasing Riverbank and coastal erosion: increasing Water logging and permanent inundation due to SLR

22 Drought Cyclone Storm surge, salinity Hazards Bangladesh faces Flood Water logging River Bank Erosion Bank erosion

23 Drought, Floods, Cyclones likely to increase in future due to climate change. Disaster risk reduction strategy need strengthening.

24 Cyclone From 1970 to 2009, the total number of major cyclones stroked Bangladesh was ,000 people and 70,000 cattle died in 1991 cyclone. Loss of property was estimated at about Tk 60 billion. Cyclone Sidr, displaced 650,000 people and killed 3,447. In the year 2009, about 200,000 people were displaced by cyclone Bijli.

25 Drought Drought is another severe natural phenomenon which causes disastrous crop failures.

26 Critical and Specific Issues River Flood River Bank Erosion Flash Flood. Surge height >1m Surge height <1m Drought

27 Observational Facilities of BMD a. Synoptic observatories : 35 b. Pilot Observatories : 10 c. Rawinsonde Observatories : 3 d. Agromet observatories : 12 e. RADAR Stations : 5 f. Earthquake Monitoring Stations: 4 Synoptic Observatory Pilot Balloon Observatory Rawinsonde Observatory Agromet Observatory

28 Radar Network of BMD BMD Radar network have good coverage over Bangladesh and its surrounding areas. Radar location Khepupara (Doppler) Cox s Bazar (Doppler) Dhaka Rangpur Moulvibazar (Doppler)

29 VSAT Antenna Moulvibazar Radar Khepupara Radar Dhaka Radar Cox s Bazar Radar Rangpur Radar

30 Satellite Receiving Stations BMD has the following satellite receiving ground stations: MTSAT NOAA MICAPS

31 JICA s Contribution to BMD JICA is helping BMD for the installation and maintenance of its infrastructure, communication link, Automatic Weather Station at airport, Satellite Receiving System, On line TV presentation, National microwave and VSAT link connectivity for radar stations to get digital radar image Preparation of composite radar picture at the Storm Warning Centre Human capacity building both in meteorology and seismology.

32 Forecasting Technique of BMD Rain cloud Cloud image Rainfall etc. Upper air data Ground data Temp. Wind Air pressure Rainfall etc. Computer Prediction Television. Radio. News paper. Telephone. Fax. Web page.

33 BANGLADESH SPACE RESEARCH AND REMOTE SENSING ORGANIZATION (SPARRSO) Established in 1980 Acts for peaceful applications of space science, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) in Bangladesh. Advises the Government in matters relating to space technology applications and policy. Keeps close collaboration with national, regional and international organizations, institutions and agencies. Disseminates research results, satellite data and information to the relevant public, autonomous and private agencies for their development and policy making activities.

34 Activities of SPARRSO Agricultural research Disaster monitoring Environment study Forestry Fisheries Water resources Oceanography, Coastal environment study etc

35 Digital Mapping Project in Survey of Bangladesh - Assisted by JICA Preparation of 988 Digital Maps of 1:25000 scale for entire Bangladesh. Preparation of 263 Digital Maps of 1:5000 scale for 5 Divisional cities. Preparation of ortho photo Map of Bangladesh. Preparation of Elevation data of Bangladesh. Digital Mapping will be completed by 2016.

36 Conclusion Regional and international cooperation and coordination along with structural and non-structural measures is essential for mitigation or reduction of disasters and hazards of flood 36

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