3. It became unstable and exploded 2. This point was. Timeline of Events 4. This outward expansion

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1 NOTES BB.notebook The Universe started as a single point of highly concentrated matter 3. It became unstable and exploded 2. This point was extremely dense Density: the amount of mass contained in a certain volume. 4. This outward expansion continues today second: Expands from size of an atom to a grapefruit Temperature of Universe: 1027 oc That's a whopping 1 octillion degrees!!! 1

2 10 32 second: Sub subatomic particles, known as quarks form 10 6 second: (one micro second) 10 6 second: (one second) Subatomic particles form: micro 180 seconds: plasma Superhot fog, known as forms Protons Neutrons Temperature of Universe: 100 million o C Electrons 300,000 years: Cool enough for subatomic particles to form Hydrogen (H) Helium (He) atoms Temperature of Universe: 10,000 o C 1 billion years: Hydrogen and gasses coalesce (merge with each other) to form giant clouds of gas and dust called. stars nebulae Helium galaxies *** First and form. Temperature of Universe: 200 o C 2

3 Milky 2 billion years: Galaxy forms solar 9 billion years: forms Earth 9.5 billion years: forms ~14 billion years: Present Day Way system Approximate Ages of the: Universe ~ 14 billion years old Milky Way ~ 12 billion years old Solar System ~ 5 billion years old Earth ~ 4.5 billion years old Temperature of Universe: 270 o C Relative Sizes (based on total mass) Rank from largest total mass to smallest: Universe Milky Way Solar System Earth Evidence of Big Bang Expansion Red Shift 1. Cosmic Microwave 2. Background Radiation Red Shift Evidence of Big Bang Wavelength: the measured distance between the peak of one wave to the peak of the next. Red Shift Evidence of Big Bang Sound travels in waves: Compressed waves have a higher frequency (cps) (measured in Hertz) Longer waves have a lower frequency 3

4 Which has the higher frequency? Which has the shorter wavelength? Doppler Effect Doppler Effect As a wave emitting object: decrease approaches, wavelength will increase retreats, wavelength will What part of the electromagnetic spectrum has a longer wavelength, blue or red? Sep 21 8:41 AM Sep 14 7:07 AM 4

5 Light (and other forms of energy) are also waves Light (and other forms of energy) are also waves billions Universe is made up of of galaxies billions Galaxies are made up of of stars Stars transmit energy in the form of waves Waves pass through dust which absorb (block) some wavelengths Spectroscopic Telescope "dust" cloud (cool gas cloud) 5

6 Astronomers study absorption spectrums to determine SHIFT ROY G. BIV Sep 12 7:37 PM ROY G. BIV ROY G. BIV Red end of the spectrum has wavelengths that are longer Blue end of the spectrum has wavelengths that are shorter 6

7 SHIFT If detected wavelengths increase (get longer): They shift toward the end of the spectrum Therefore, the object is moving RED red This is known as SHIFT AWAY SHIFT If detected wavelengths decrease (get shorter): They shift toward the end of the spectrum Therefore, the object is moving BLUE blue This is known as SHIFT closer (toward us) AWAY TOWARD This movement is relative between the two objects (both are in motion). Note: The greater the amount of shift, the FASTER the rate of movement. 7

8 Edwin Hubble Overall, the Universe is EXPANDING Discovered that objects that are further away are moving away at a faster rate! HUBBLE'S LAW Sep 12 7:56 PM 8