Homework 6 Name: Due Date: June 9, 2008

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Homework 6 Name: Due Date: June 9, 2008"

Transcription

1 Homework 6 Name: Due Date: June 9, Where in the universe does the general expansion occur? A) everywhere in the universe, including our local space upon Earth, the solar system, our galaxy and the space between galaxies B) only in galaxy-sized and larger structures, such as clusters of galaxies and the voids between them C) only in the space that separates clusters of galaxies D) only within individual galaxies, while the space between them and between clusters of galaxies remains static 2. Recent results from very bright supernovae in very distant galaxies seem to indicate that the expansion of the universe A) is accelerating (speeding up). B) is decelerating (slowing down). C) has now stopped and the universe will shortly begin to contract again toward a recollapse. D) is continuing at a constant rate and has done so since just after the Big Bang. 3. Which of the following statements correctly describes the universe for the entire first 380,000 years of its life? A) It was opaque to radiation. B) All of the fundamental forces of nature were unified into one force. C) It was a sea of gradually decreasing nuclear reactions. D) It was filled with free quarks (not confined inside neutrons or protons). 4. The universe began in the Big Bang. When did the first stars and galaxies begin to appear? A) not until about 3.2 billion years later B) immediately, as they were a direct product of the Big bang C) about 380,000 years later D) about 400 million years later 5. What significant event occurred 380,000 years after the start of the Big Bang? A) Electrons and nuclei combined to form neutral atoms. B) Quarks became confined in nuclei. C) The production of helium ceased. D) All of the galaxies we see today formed. 6. The degree of flatness of the universe, which determines whether we live in an open or a closed universe, has been determined recently by measuring A) the extent of the bending of light from distant galaxies, the so-called lensing. B) the average density of matter compared to the average density of radiation energy. C) the typical size of the hot spots in the structure of the cosmic microwave background. D) the hemispheric asymmetry in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Page 1

2 7. We believe the cosmic singularity which began the universe occurred 13.7 billion years ago. This means that A) the present distance (comoving radial distance) to the most distant objects whose light reaches us is more than 13.7 billion light years. B) the universe is 13.7 billion light years in radius. C) the present distance (comoving radial distance) to the most distant objects whose light reaches us is 13.7 billion light years. D) all objects we can see are now less than 13.7 billion light years distant. 8. In cosmology, to what does the phrase critical density refer? A) the density of the universe above which the universe is bounded and below which it is unbounded B) the density of the universe below which the universe is bounded and above which it is unbounded C) the density of the universe above which matter is ionized and the universe is opaque D) the density of the universe below which the universe will stop expanding 9. What is it that keeps localized regions of space, such as things upon Earth, planetary systems, star clusters, and whole galaxies, from participating in the general expansion of the universe? A) the centrifugal force produced by their motion around a massive central object (e.g., the Sun, supermassive black holes, etc.) B) their locations in places where irregularities in the chaotic Big Bang explosion permitted matter to condense C) the mutual gravity between objects in these systems D) the powerful and all-pervading gravity from the central supermassive black holes of galaxies, which holds everything in place within the galaxies 10. Within which time frame from the initial Big Bang is it felt that the present laws of physics completely fail us, because time and space as we know them did not exist? A) t = 0 to s, the Planck time, after which gravity froze out of the universe B) t = 0 to 1 second, during which time photons interchanged freely with electron-positron pairs C) t = 0 to 10 6 years, over which radiation dominated the universe D) t = 0 to s, after which the strong nuclear force froze out of the universe 11. Is the universe really expanding? If so, how do we describe the expansion? A) An infinitely small but infinitely dense clump of matter exploded, sending the galaxies (or superclusters of galaxies) hurtling out through space. B) It is not expanding it is our local space that is getting smaller as we fall into a supermassive black hole, making the universe seem bigger and bigger. C) The energy from all the stars is heating the universe, making it expand like a gas that is heated. D) Space itself is expanding, carrying the galaxies (or superclusters of galaxies) with it. Page 2

3 12. The future of the overall universe, in terms of its ultimate evolution and whether it will expand forever or eventually contract again, is determined by which of its parameters? A) the present volume of the universe B) the intensity of cosmic microwave background radiation C) the average density of matter within it D) the temperature of the gas within it 13. How do we know that matter in the early universe was extremely smooth (i.e., not really lumpy)? A) because quasars are spread almost completely uniformly around the sky B) because the expansion of the universe is almost completely isotropic C) because at the present time galaxies are spread almost completely uniformly through the universe D) because the cosmic background radiation is almost completely isotropic 14. The cosmological redshift of the light from very distant galaxies is caused by A) absorption of blue light by interstellar dust between us and the galaxy, so that only the red wavelengths reach us. B) the Doppler shift, in which the photon's wavelength is stretched as the photon is being emitted by the galaxy's motion away from us through space. C) the expansion of space, stretching the photon's wavelength while the photon is traveling toward us. D) the rotation of the universe around its center (faster at greater distances from us). 15. What does Hubble's law give for the age of the universe? (H 0 = Hubble's constant, v is the recessional velocity of objects in the universe, and d = distance to objects in Mpc.) A) age = d/h 0 B) age = v/h 0 C) age = 1/H 0 D) age = H What causes cosmological redshift of photons that reach us from distant galaxies? A) The photons were emitted from the galaxies much earlier in time when the overall temperature of matter was much lower. Hence, the observed photons are redder, the farther away from Earth that they were produced. B) The photons have traveled across space that has been expanding and their wavelengths have expanded with it, becoming redder. C) The photons were emitted by objects that were moving rapidly away from us, and thereby have been reddened by the Doppler effect. D) The photons have moved from high gravitational field regions toward lower fields, thereby becoming reddened. Page 3

4 17. Measurement of structure in the cosmic microwave background radiation has recently indicated that we live in a flat universe between a closed and an open universe and yet the measured density of detected matter and radiation is only 20 40% of the critical density required for a flat universe. In what form is the other 60 80% of the matter likely to be? A) dark energy, emitting no radiation and generating no detectable gravitational effects B) antimatter, which generates a negative gravitational effect and emits radiation only if it meets matter and is annihilated C) neutrinos, which have very little rest mass and are very difficult to detect, but are very abundant D) large numbers of small primordial black holes, whose gravitational effects are spread throughout the universe and which emit no radiation 18. The one physical force that extends farthest in our universe, and is not canceled out by other effects, is A) the weak nuclear force. B) the gravitational force. C) the electromagnetic force. D) the strong nuclear force. 19. What is the cosmic light horizon? A) It is the distance from which light can travel to us over the finite age of the universe, representing a viewing distance limit for us upon Earth. B) It is the distance beyond which we cannot see because of absorbing matter in the universe. C) It is the distance at which (because we see back in time as we look out into space) galaxies are just being formed. D) It is the maximum distance to which our own radio and television signals will have traveled through the universe since radio was invented. 20. When did the universe cool to a temperature of about 3 K? A) one second after the Big Bang, when electron-positron pair production ceased B) three minutes after the start of the Big Bang, when primordial nuclear reactions ended C) very recently D) 380,000 years after the Big Bang, when the universe became transparent to radiation 21. The resolution of Olber's paradox (i.e., the reason why the sky is dark at night) is that A) the light from very distant stars is bent out of our line of sight by the gravitational fields of nearby galaxies. B) the light from stars beyond a certain, very large distance is completely absorbed by matter between us and the star. C) matter cannot have traveled farther than light has traveled during the age of the universe, so there ARE NO stars beyond a certain distance from us. D) we cannot see those stars that are farther away from us than the distance that light has traveled since the beginning of the universe. Page 4

5 22) What is the Tully-Fisher relation? a) The longer the period of a galaxy's variable stars, the more luminous it is. b) The redder a galaxy's color, the further away it is. c) The smaller a galaxy appears, the further away it is. d) The faster a spiral galaxy's rotation speed, the more luminous it is. e) The further away a galaxy is, the faster its recession velocity. 23) What do scientists mean by the critical density of the universe? a) the minimum density that a universe needs in order to form galaxies b) the minimum density that a universe needs in order to form stars c) the minimum density that a universe needs in order to create hydrogen d) the precise density marking the dividing line between a universe that has enough mass to contract again and a universe that will continue to expand forever e) the average density of the space between galaxies 24) I observe a galaxy that is 100 million light years away: what do I see? a) the light from the galaxy as it is today, but it is blueshifted b) the light from the galaxy as it was 100 million years ago and it is redshifted c) the light from the galaxy as it is today, but it is redshifted d) the light from the galaxy as it was 100 million years ago and it it blueshifted e) Nothing: the galaxy lies beyond the cosmological horizon. Page 5

Energy Source for Active Galactic Nuclei

Energy Source for Active Galactic Nuclei Quasars Quasars are small, extremely luminous, extremely distant galactic nuclei Bright radio sources Name comes from Quasi-Stellar Radio Source, as they appeared to be stars! Can have clouds of gas near

More information

The Expanding Universe

The Expanding Universe Cosmology Expanding Universe History of the Universe Cosmic Background Radiation The Cosmological Principle Cosmology and General Relativity Dark Matter and Dark Energy Primitive Cosmology If the universe

More information

Chapter 17 Cosmology

Chapter 17 Cosmology Chapter 17 Cosmology Over one thousand galaxies visible The Universe on the Largest Scales No evidence of structure on a scale larger than 200 Mpc On very large scales, the universe appears to be: Homogenous

More information

If there is an edge to the universe, we should be able to see our way out of the woods. Olber s Paradox. This is called Olber s Paradox

If there is an edge to the universe, we should be able to see our way out of the woods. Olber s Paradox. This is called Olber s Paradox Suppose the Universe were not expanding, but was in some kind of steady state. How should galaxy recession velocities correlate with distance? They should a) be directly proportional to distance. b) reverse

More information

Cosmology: The History of the Universe

Cosmology: The History of the Universe Cosmology: The History of the Universe The Universe originated in an explosion called the Big Bang. Everything started out 13.7 billion years ago with zero size and infinite temperature. Since then, it

More information

Olbers Paradox. Lecture 14: Cosmology. Resolutions of Olbers paradox. Cosmic redshift

Olbers Paradox. Lecture 14: Cosmology. Resolutions of Olbers paradox. Cosmic redshift Lecture 14: Cosmology Olbers paradox Redshift and the expansion of the Universe The Cosmological Principle Ω and the curvature of space The Big Bang model Primordial nucleosynthesis The Cosmic Microwave

More information

Cosmology. What is Cosmology?

Cosmology. What is Cosmology? Cosmology What is Cosmology? The study of the structure and evolution of the entire universe The idea is to form picture of the entire Universe: origin, size, and future We will make assumptions that what

More information

i>clicker Quiz #14 Which of the following statements is TRUE?

i>clicker Quiz #14 Which of the following statements is TRUE? i>clicker Quiz #14 Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Hubble s discovery that most distant galaxies are receding from us tells us that we are at the center of the Universe B. The Universe started

More information

26. Cosmology. Significance of a dark night sky. The Universe Is Expanding

26. Cosmology. Significance of a dark night sky. The Universe Is Expanding 26. Cosmology Significance of a dark night sky The Universe is expanding The Big Bang initiated the expanding Universe Microwave radiation evidence of the Big Bang The Universe was initially hot & opaque

More information

The Contents of the Universe (or/ what do we mean by dark matter and dark energy?)

The Contents of the Universe (or/ what do we mean by dark matter and dark energy?) The Contents of the Universe (or/ what do we mean by dark matter and dark energy?) Unseen Influences Dark Matter: An undetected form of mass that emits little or no light but whose existence we infer from

More information

Implications of the Hubble Law: - it is not static, unchanging - Universe had a beginning!! - could not have been expanding forever HUBBLE LAW:

Implications of the Hubble Law: - it is not static, unchanging - Universe had a beginning!! - could not have been expanding forever HUBBLE LAW: Cosmology and the Evolution of the Universe Edwin Hubble, 1929: -almost all galaxies have a redshift -moving away from us -greater distance greater redshift Implications of the Hubble Law: - Universe is

More information

Cosmology and the Evolution of the Universe. Implications of the Hubble Law: - Universe is changing (getting bigger!) - it is not static, unchanging

Cosmology and the Evolution of the Universe. Implications of the Hubble Law: - Universe is changing (getting bigger!) - it is not static, unchanging Cosmology and the Evolution of the Edwin Hubble, 1929: -almost all galaxies have a redshift -moving away from us -exceptions in Local Group -with distance measurements - found a relationship greater distance

More information

Cosmology. Clusters of galaxies. Redshift. Late 1920 s: Hubble plots distances versus velocities of galaxies. λ λ. redshift =

Cosmology. Clusters of galaxies. Redshift. Late 1920 s: Hubble plots distances versus velocities of galaxies. λ λ. redshift = Cosmology Study of the structure and origin of the universe Observational science The large-scale distribution of galaxies Looking out to extremely large distances The motions of galaxies Clusters of galaxies

More information

Lecture 37 Cosmology [not on exam] January 16b, 2014

Lecture 37 Cosmology [not on exam] January 16b, 2014 1 Lecture 37 Cosmology [not on exam] January 16b, 2014 2 Structure of the Universe Does clustering of galaxies go on forever? Looked at very narrow regions of space to far distances. On large scales the

More information

Cosmology. An Analogy 11/28/2010. Cosmology Study of the origin, evolution and future of the Universe

Cosmology. An Analogy 11/28/2010. Cosmology Study of the origin, evolution and future of the Universe Cosmology Cosmology Study of the origin, evolution and future of the Universe Obler s Paradox If the Universe is infinite why is the sky dark at night? Newtonian Universe The Universe is infinite and unchanging

More information

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 26. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 26. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outlines Chapter 26 Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 26 Cosmology Units of Chapter 26 26.1 The Universe on the Largest Scales 26.2 The Expanding Universe 26.3 The Fate of the

More information

The Dawn of Time - II. A Cosmos is Born

The Dawn of Time - II. A Cosmos is Born The Dawn of Time - II. A Cosmos is Born Learning Objectives! Why does Olbers paradox show the Universe began?! How does Hubble s Law tell us the age of the Universe? If Hubble s Constant is large, is the

More information

Astronomy Hour Exam 2 March 10, 2011 QUESTION 1: The half-life of Ra 226 (radium) is 1600 years. If you started with a sample of 100 Ra 226

Astronomy Hour Exam 2 March 10, 2011 QUESTION 1: The half-life of Ra 226 (radium) is 1600 years. If you started with a sample of 100 Ra 226 Astronomy 101.003 Hour Exam 2 March 10, 2011 QUESTION 1: The half-life of Ra 226 (radium) is 1600 years. If you started with a sample of 100 Ra 226 atoms, approximately how many Ra 226 atoms would be left

More information

Doppler Effect. Sound moving TOWARDS. Sound moving AWAY 9/22/2017. Occurs when the source of sound waves moves towards or away

Doppler Effect. Sound moving TOWARDS. Sound moving AWAY 9/22/2017. Occurs when the source of sound waves moves towards or away Burkey- ESS QUIZ Thursday At the instant of the Big Bang, all the matter, energy, time, & space in the Universe was condensed into a single, tiny point. We call this Singularity. Doppler Effect Occurs

More information

Lecture #24: Plan. Cosmology. Expansion of the Universe Olber s Paradox Birth of our Universe

Lecture #24: Plan. Cosmology. Expansion of the Universe Olber s Paradox Birth of our Universe Lecture #24: Plan Cosmology Expansion of the Universe Olber s Paradox Birth of our Universe Reminder: Redshifts and the Expansion of the Universe Early 20 th century astronomers noted: Spectra from most

More information

Island Universes. Up to 1920 s, many thought that Milky Way encompassed entire universe.

Island Universes. Up to 1920 s, many thought that Milky Way encompassed entire universe. Island Universes Up to 1920 s, many thought that Milky Way encompassed entire universe. Observed three types of nebulas (clouds): - diffuse, spiral, elliptical - many were faint, indistinct - originally

More information

Cosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE

Cosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE Cosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the universe; its nature, origin and evolution. General Relativity is the mathematical basis of cosmology from which

More information

Chapter 22 Reading Quiz Clickers. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. The Birth of the Universe Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 22 Reading Quiz Clickers. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. The Birth of the Universe Pearson Education, Inc. Reading Quiz Clickers The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition The Birth of the Universe 22.1 The Big Bang Theory What were conditions like in the early universe? How did the early universe change with time?

More information

Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 33 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli

Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 33 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 33 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching

More information

Introduction and Fundamental Observations

Introduction and Fundamental Observations Notes for Cosmology course, fall 2005 Introduction and Fundamental Observations Prelude Cosmology is the study of the universe taken as a whole ruthless simplification necessary (e.g. homogeneity)! Cosmology

More information

Astronomy 162, Week 10 Cosmology Patrick S. Osmer Spring, 2006

Astronomy 162, Week 10 Cosmology Patrick S. Osmer Spring, 2006 Astronomy 162, Week 10 Cosmology Patrick S. Osmer Spring, 2006 Information Makeup quiz Wednesday, May 31, 5-6PM, Planetarium Review Session, Monday, June 5 6PM, Planetarium Cosmology Study of the universe

More information

FXA ρ 0 = 3(H 0 ) 2. UNIT G485 Module Universe Evolution. Candidates should be able to : age of the universe 1/H 0

FXA ρ 0 = 3(H 0 ) 2. UNIT G485 Module Universe Evolution. Candidates should be able to : age of the universe 1/H 0 1 Candidates should be able to : Explain that the standard (hot big bang) model of the universe implies a finite age for the universe. Select and use the expression : age of the universe 1/H 0 Describe

More information

v = H o d Hubble s Law: Distant galaxies move away fastest Velocity (v) is proportional to Distance (d):

v = H o d Hubble s Law: Distant galaxies move away fastest Velocity (v) is proportional to Distance (d): Hubble s Law: Distant galaxies move away fastest Velocity (v) is proportional to Distance (d): v = H o d The Hubble Constant was measured after decades of observation: H 0 = 70 km/s/mpc Velocity (km/s)

More information

COSMOLOGY The Universe what is its age and origin?

COSMOLOGY The Universe what is its age and origin? COSMOLOGY The Universe what is its age and origin? REVIEW (SUMMARY) Oppenheimer Volkhoff limit: upper limit to mass of neutron star remnant more than 1.4 M à neutron degeneracy Supernova à extremely dense

More information

o Terms to know o Big Bang Theory o Doppler Effect o Redshift o Universe

o Terms to know o Big Bang Theory o Doppler Effect o Redshift o Universe Standard 1: Students will understand the scientific evidence that supports theories that explain how the universe and the solar system developed. They will compare Earth to other objects in the solar system.

More information

Cosmology: The Origin and Evolution of the Universe Chapter Twenty-Eight. Guiding Questions

Cosmology: The Origin and Evolution of the Universe Chapter Twenty-Eight. Guiding Questions Cosmology: The Origin and Evolution of the Universe Chapter Twenty-Eight Guiding Questions 1. What does the darkness of the night sky tell us about the nature of the universe? 2. As the universe expands,

More information

Astronomy 113. Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. The Big Bang & Matter. Olber s Paradox. Cosmology. Olber s Paradox. Assumptions 4/20/18

Astronomy 113. Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. The Big Bang & Matter. Olber s Paradox. Cosmology. Olber s Paradox. Assumptions 4/20/18 Astronomy 113 Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. The Big Bang & Matter Cosmology ³The study of the origins, structure, and evolution of the universe ³Key moments: ²Einstein General Theory of Relativity ²Hubble

More information

Astronomy 113. Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D.

Astronomy 113. Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. Astronomy 113 Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. The Big Bang & Matter 17-2 Cosmology ³ The study of the origins, structure, and evolution of the universe ³ Key moments: ² Einstein General Theory of Relativity

More information

The Big Bang Theory, General Timeline. The Planck Era. (Big Bang To 10^-35 Seconds) Inflationary Model Added. (10^-35 to 10^-33 Of A Second)

The Big Bang Theory, General Timeline. The Planck Era. (Big Bang To 10^-35 Seconds) Inflationary Model Added. (10^-35 to 10^-33 Of A Second) The Big Bang Theory, General Timeline The Planck Era. (Big Bang To 10^-35 Seconds) The time from the exact moment of the Big Bang until 10^-35 of a second later is referred to as the Planck Era. While

More information

Modeling the Universe A Summary

Modeling the Universe A Summary Modeling the Universe A Summary Questions to Consider 1. What does the darkness of the night sky tell us about the nature of the universe? 2. As the universe expands, what, if anything, is it expanding

More information

The Big Bang Theory was first proposed in the late 1920 s. This singularity was incredibly dense and hot.

The Big Bang Theory was first proposed in the late 1920 s. This singularity was incredibly dense and hot. The Big Bang Theory was first proposed in the late 1920 s. It states that there was an infinitely small, infinitely dense point that contained everything that is the universe. This singularity was incredibly

More information

Tuesday, Thursday 2:30-3:45 pm. Astronomy 100. Tom Burbine

Tuesday, Thursday 2:30-3:45 pm.   Astronomy 100. Tom Burbine Astronomy 100 Tuesday, Thursday 2:30-3:45 pm Tom Burbine tburbine@mtholyoke.edu www.xanga.com/astronomy100 Schedule Today (end and beginning of the universe) May 3 (Does Life Exist Elsewhere in the Universe)

More information

Chapter 26: Cosmology

Chapter 26: Cosmology Chapter 26: Cosmology Cosmology means the study of the structure and evolution of the entire universe as a whole. First of all, we need to know whether the universe has changed with time, or if it has

More information

Exam 3 Astronomy 100, Section 3. Some Equations You Might Need

Exam 3 Astronomy 100, Section 3. Some Equations You Might Need Exam 3 Astronomy 100, Section 3 Some Equations You Might Need modified Kepler s law: M = [a(au)]3 [p(yr)] (a is radius of the orbit, p is the rotation period. You 2 should also remember that the period

More information

Beginning of Universe

Beginning of Universe Cosmology Origin, early history, and fate of the Universe Does the Universe have a beginning? An end? What physics processes caused the Universe to be what it is? Are other universes possible? Would they

More information

Cosmology. Big Bang and Inflation

Cosmology. Big Bang and Inflation Cosmology Big Bang and Inflation What is the Universe? Everything we can know about is part of the universe. Everything we do know about is part of the universe. Everything! The Universe is expanding If

More information

Big Galaxies Are Rare! Cepheid Distance Measurement. Clusters of Galaxies. The Nature of Galaxies

Big Galaxies Are Rare! Cepheid Distance Measurement. Clusters of Galaxies. The Nature of Galaxies Big Galaxies Are Rare! Potato Chip Rule: More small things than large things Big, bright spirals are easy to see, but least common Dwarf ellipticals & irregulars are most common Faint, hard to see Mostly

More information

2) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where would you find red giant stars? A) upper right B) lower right C) upper left D) lower left

2) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where would you find red giant stars? A) upper right B) lower right C) upper left D) lower left Multiple choice test questions 2, Winter Semester 2015. Based on parts covered after mid term. Essentially on Ch. 12-2.3,13.1-3,14,16.1-2,17,18.1-2,4,19.5. You may use a calculator and the useful formulae

More information

According to the currents models of stellar life cycle, our sun will eventually become a. Chapter 34: Cosmology. Cosmology: How the Universe Works

According to the currents models of stellar life cycle, our sun will eventually become a. Chapter 34: Cosmology. Cosmology: How the Universe Works Chapter 34: Cosmology According to the currents models of stellar life cycle, our sun will eventually become a a) Cloud of hydrogen gas b) Protostar c) Neutron star d) Black hole e) White dwarf id you

More information

Class 5 Cosmology Large-Scale Structure of the Universe What do we see? Big Bang Cosmology What model explains what we see?

Class 5 Cosmology Large-Scale Structure of the Universe What do we see? Big Bang Cosmology What model explains what we see? Class 1 Introduction, Background History of Modern Astronomy The Night Sky, Eclipses and the Seasons Kepler's Laws Newtonian Gravity General Relativity Matter and Light Telescopes Class 2 Solar System

More information

DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS

DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS TSOKOS OPTION E-6 GALAXIES Introductory Video: The Big Bang Theory Objectives Understand the Hubble classification scheme of galaxies and describe the

More information

What is the evidence that Big Bang really occurred

What is the evidence that Big Bang really occurred What is the evidence that Big Bang really occurred Hubble expansion of galaxies Microwave Background Abundance of light elements but perhaps most fundamentally... Darkness of the night sky!! The very darkness

More information

Big Bang Theory PowerPoint

Big Bang Theory PowerPoint Big Bang Theory PowerPoint Name: # Period: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Recombination Photon Epoch Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Hadron Epoch Hadron Epoch Quark Epoch The Primordial Era Electroweak Epoch Inflationary Epoch

More information

The expansion of the Universe, and the big bang

The expansion of the Universe, and the big bang The expansion of the Universe, and the big bang Q: What is Hubble s law? A. The larger the galaxy, the faster it is moving way from us. B. The farther away the galaxy, the faster it is moving away from

More information

Chapter 18. Cosmology in the 21 st Century

Chapter 18. Cosmology in the 21 st Century Chapter 18 Cosmology in the 21 st Century Guidepost This chapter marks a watershed in our study of astronomy. Since Chapter 1, our discussion has focused on learning to understand the universe. Our outward

More information

3. It is expanding: the galaxies are moving apart, accelerating slightly The mystery of Dark Energy

3. It is expanding: the galaxies are moving apart, accelerating slightly The mystery of Dark Energy II. Cosmology: How the universe developed Outstanding features of the universe today: 1. It is big, and full of galaxies. 2. It has structure: the galaxies are clumped in filaments and sheets The structure

More information

Part I: The Dawn of Time

Part I: The Dawn of Time Part I: The Dawn of Time Topics within Part I. 1. Origins of the Universe: from the Infinite to the Subatomic. 2. Planets and Meteorites: Neighbors in Space 3. Birth of the Earth and Moon: a Coupled System

More information

Origin, early history, and fate of the Universe Does the Universe have a beginning? An end? What physics processes caused the Universe to be what it

Origin, early history, and fate of the Universe Does the Universe have a beginning? An end? What physics processes caused the Universe to be what it Cosmology Origin, early history, and fate of the Universe Does the Universe have a beginning? An end? What physics processes caused the Universe to be what it is? Are other universes possible? Would they

More information

Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Sample Review Test for Examination 3

Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Sample Review Test for Examination 3 October 28, 2003 Name: Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Sample Review Test for Examination 3 Do not open the test until instructed to begin. Instructions: Write your answers in the space provided. No

More information

Test Natural Sciences 102 Section 8 noon --- VERSION A February 28, 2007

Test Natural Sciences 102 Section 8 noon --- VERSION A February 28, 2007 Correct responses indicated in boldface. 1. An astronomer is designing a new telescope to use in space. The Hubble Space Telescope operates at wavelengths close to 500nm ( 1nm = 10-9 meter). The new telescope

More information

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2: June 2016 Number of pages: 10 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 2 Number of students: 359

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2: June 2016 Number of pages: 10 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 2 Number of students: 359 BROCK UNIVERSITY Page 1 of 10 Test 2: June 2016 Number of pages: 10 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 2 Number of students: 359 Examination date: 25 June 2016 Time limit: 50 min Time of Examination: 13:00 13:50

More information

The Big Bang Theory. Rachel Fludd and Matthijs Hoekstra

The Big Bang Theory. Rachel Fludd and Matthijs Hoekstra The Big Bang Theory Rachel Fludd and Matthijs Hoekstra Theories from Before the Big Bang came from a black hole from another universe? our universe is part of a multiverse? just random particles? The Big

More information

Chapter 23 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 23 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 23 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Curvature of the Universe The Density Parameter of the Universe Ω 0 is defined as the ratio

More information

Astronomy 114. Lecture35:TheBigBang. Martin D. Weinberg. UMass/Astronomy Department

Astronomy 114. Lecture35:TheBigBang. Martin D. Weinberg. UMass/Astronomy Department Astronomy 114 Lecture35:TheBigBang Martin D. Weinberg weinberg@astro.umass.edu UMass/Astronomy Department A114: Lecture 35 09 May 2005 Read: Ch. 28,29 Astronomy 114 1/18 Announcements PS#8 due Monday!

More information

Revision Guide for Chapter 12

Revision Guide for Chapter 12 Revision Guide for Chapter 12 Contents Student s Checklist Revision Notes The speed of light... 4 Doppler effect... 4 Expansion of the Universe... 5 Microwave background radiation... 5 Galaxy... 6 Summary

More information

Chapter 21 Evidence of the Big Bang. Expansion of the Universe. Big Bang Theory. Age of the Universe. Hubble s Law. Hubble s Law

Chapter 21 Evidence of the Big Bang. Expansion of the Universe. Big Bang Theory. Age of the Universe. Hubble s Law. Hubble s Law Chapter 21 Evidence of the Big Bang Hubble s Law Universal recession: Slipher (1912) and Hubble found that all galaxies seem to be moving away from us: the greater the distance, the higher the redshift

More information

Hubble s Law. Our goals for learning. What is Hubble s Law? How do distance measurements tell us the age of the universe?

Hubble s Law. Our goals for learning. What is Hubble s Law? How do distance measurements tell us the age of the universe? Hubble s Law Our goals for learning What is Hubble s Law? How do distance measurements tell us the age of the universe? How does the universe s expansion affect our distance measurements? We measure speeds

More information

The Big Bang. Olber s Paradox. Hubble s Law. Why is the night sky dark? The Universe is expanding and We cannot see an infinite Universe

The Big Bang. Olber s Paradox. Hubble s Law. Why is the night sky dark? The Universe is expanding and We cannot see an infinite Universe The Big Bang Olber s Paradox Why is the night sky dark? The Universe is expanding and We cannot see an infinite Universe Hubble s Law v = H0 d v = recession velocity in km/sec d = distance in Mpc H 0 =

More information

The best evidence so far in support of the Big Bang theory is:

The best evidence so far in support of the Big Bang theory is: Notes about the final exam: Saturday May 17th, 7:45 AM-9:45 AM Chamberlain 2103 If you have a CONFLICT email me or Ella before the end of this week. No excuses accepted after exam. Comprehensive, covering

More information

Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999

Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999 Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999 Reminder: When I write these questions, I believe that there is one one correct answer. The questions consist of all parts a e. Read the entire

More information

The Universe. What is it? What is in it? How did it form? How will it end? How do we know?

The Universe. What is it? What is in it? How did it form? How will it end? How do we know? The Universe What is it? What is in it? How did it form? How will it end? How do we know? What is your place in the Universe? What is the universe? a. The study of the universe its nature, origins, and

More information

ASTRONOMY 5 Final Exam Spring 2001 (Edited for questions relevant to Astronomy Final)

ASTRONOMY 5 Final Exam Spring 2001 (Edited for questions relevant to Astronomy Final) ASTRONOMY 5 Final Exam Spring 2001 (Edited for questions relevant to Astronomy 5 2007 Final) Follow the directions in each section. Write all answers on this examination paper. Feel free to ask for clarification

More information

Hubble's Law. H o = 71 km/s / Mpc. The further a galaxy is away, the faster it s moving away from us. V = H 0 D. Modern Data.

Hubble's Law. H o = 71 km/s / Mpc. The further a galaxy is away, the faster it s moving away from us. V = H 0 D. Modern Data. Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the origin and evolution of the Universe, addressing the grandest issues: How "big" is the Universe? Does it have an "edge"? What is its large-scale structure? How did

More information

ASTR 101 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies

ASTR 101 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies ASTR 101 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies ANNOUNCEMENTS MIDTERM III: Tuesday, Nov 24 th Midterm alternate day: Fri, Nov 20th, 11am, ESS 450 At LAST: In the very Beginning BIG BANG: beginning of Time

More information

Study Guide Chapter 2

Study Guide Chapter 2 Section: Stars Pages 32-38 Study Guide Chapter 2 Circle the letter of the best answer for each question. 1. What do scientists study to learn about stars? a. gravity c. space b. starlight d. colors COLOR

More information

THE UNIVERSE CHAPTER 20

THE UNIVERSE CHAPTER 20 THE UNIVERSE CHAPTER 20 THE UNIVERSE UNIVERSE everything physical in and Includes all space, matter, and energy that has existed, now exists, and will exist in the future. How did our universe form, how

More information

Cosmology. Chapter 18. Cosmology. Observations of the Universe. Observations of the Universe. Motion of Galaxies. Cosmology

Cosmology. Chapter 18. Cosmology. Observations of the Universe. Observations of the Universe. Motion of Galaxies. Cosmology Cosmology Chapter 18 Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the structure and evolution of the Universe as a whole How big is the Universe? What shape is it? How old is it? How did it form? What will happen

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System 25.1 Properties of Stars Characteristics of Stars A constellation is an apparent group of stars originally named for mythical

More information

LESSON 1. Solar System

LESSON 1. Solar System Astronomy Notes LESSON 1 Solar System 11.1 Structure of the Solar System axis of rotation period of rotation period of revolution ellipse astronomical unit What is the solar system? 11.1 Structure of the

More information

Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens

Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Beyond Our Solar System Earth Science, 13e Chapter 24 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Properties of stars Distance Distances to the stars are very

More information

ASTR 1P02 Test 2, March 2017 Page 1 BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2: March 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 2 Number of students: 1193

ASTR 1P02 Test 2, March 2017 Page 1 BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2: March 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 2 Number of students: 1193 ASTR 1P02 Test 2, March 2017 Page 1 BROCK UNIVERSITY Test 2: March 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 2 Number of students: 1193 Examination date: 4 March 2017 Time limit: 50 min Time of

More information

8/30/2010. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars

8/30/2010. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars Classifying Stars In the early 1900s, Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Russell made some important observations. They noticed that, in general, stars with higher temperatures also have brighter absolute magnitudes.

More information

Testing the Big Bang Idea

Testing the Big Bang Idea Reading: Chapter 29, Section 29.2-29.6 Third Exam: Tuesday, May 1 12:00-2:00 COURSE EVALUATIONS - please complete these online (recitation and lecture) Last time: Cosmology I - The Age of the & the Big

More information

Large Scale Structure

Large Scale Structure Large Scale Structure Measuring Distance in Universe-- a ladder of steps, building from nearby Redshift distance Redshift = z = (λ observed - λ rest )/ λ rest Every part of a distant spectrum has same

More information

What is the solar system?

What is the solar system? Notes Astronomy What is the solar system? 11.1 Structure of the Solar System Our solar system includes planets and dwarf planets, their moons, a star called the Sun, asteroids and comets. Planets, dwarf

More information

Introduction to Cosmology Big Bang-Big Crunch-Dark Matter-Dark Energy The Story of Our Universe. Dr. Ugur GUVEN Aerospace Engineer / Space Scientist

Introduction to Cosmology Big Bang-Big Crunch-Dark Matter-Dark Energy The Story of Our Universe. Dr. Ugur GUVEN Aerospace Engineer / Space Scientist Introduction to Cosmology Big Bang-Big Crunch-Dark Matter-Dark Energy The Story of Our Universe Dr. Ugur GUVEN Aerospace Engineer / Space Scientist The Age of the Universe Through various measurements

More information

The Big Bang The Beginning of Time

The Big Bang The Beginning of Time The Big Bang The Beginning of Time What were conditions like in the early universe? The early universe must have been extremely hot and dense Photons converted into particle-antiparticle pairs and vice-versa

More information

OUSSEP Final Week. If we run out of time you can look at uploaded slides Pearson Education, Inc.

OUSSEP Final Week. If we run out of time you can look at uploaded slides Pearson Education, Inc. OUSSEP Final Week Last week hopefully read Holiday-Week 23rd November Lecture notes Hand in your Hubble Deep Field Reports today! (If not today then in my mail box @ International College.) Today we will

More information

Module 3: Astronomy The Universe Topic 1 Content: Cosmology Presentation Notes

Module 3: Astronomy The Universe Topic 1 Content: Cosmology Presentation Notes Pretend that you have been given the opportunity to travel through time to explore cosmology. Cosmology is the study of how the universe formed and what will happen to it. Watch through your viewport as

More information

Formation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe

Formation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe Formation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted scientific explanation

More information

THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE AND BLACK HOLES

THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE AND BLACK HOLES THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE AND BLACK HOLES WHAT IS COSMOGONY? Cosmogony (or cosmogeny) is any model explaining the origin of the universe. Cosmogony = Coming into existence WHAT IS COSMOLOGY Cosmology

More information

The Cosmic Microwave Background

The Cosmic Microwave Background The Cosmic Microwave Background Class 22 Prof J. Kenney June 26, 2018 The Cosmic Microwave Background Class 22 Prof J. Kenney November 28, 2016 Cosmic star formation history inf 10 4 3 2 1 0 z Peak of

More information

The Cosmic Microwave Background

The Cosmic Microwave Background The Cosmic Microwave Background The Cosmic Microwave Background Key Concepts 1) The universe is filled with a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). 2) The microwave radiation that fills the universe is nearly

More information

Formation of the Universe. What evidence supports current scientific theory?

Formation of the Universe. What evidence supports current scientific theory? Formation of the Universe What evidence supports current scientific theory? Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the Nature, Structure, Origin, And fate of the universe. How did it all begin? Astronomers

More information

TA Final Review. Class Announcements. Objectives Today. Compare True and Apparent brightness. Finding Distances with Cepheids

TA Final Review. Class Announcements. Objectives Today. Compare True and Apparent brightness. Finding Distances with Cepheids Class Announcements Vocab Quiz 4 deadline is Saturday Midterm 4 has started, ends Monday Lab was in the Planetarium. You still need to do the 2 questions Check PS100 webpage, make sure your clicker is

More information

Relative Sizes of Stars. Today Exam#3 Review. Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. Blackbody Radiation

Relative Sizes of Stars. Today Exam#3 Review. Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. Blackbody Radiation Today Exam#3 Review Exam #3 is Thursday April 4th in this room, BPS 40; Extra credit is due 8:00 am Tuesday April 9 Final Exam is 3:00pm Monday April 8 in BPS 40 The exam is 40 multiple choice questions.

More information

Today. life the university & everything. Reminders: Review Wed & Fri Eyes to the web Final Exam Tues May 3 Check in on accomodations

Today. life the university & everything. Reminders: Review Wed & Fri Eyes to the web Final Exam Tues May 3 Check in on accomodations life the university & everything Phys 2130 Day 41: Questions? The Universe Reminders: Review Wed & Fri Eyes to the web Final Exam Tues May 3 Check in on accomodations Today Today: - how big is the universe?

More information

Chapter 23 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 23 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 23 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Curvature of the Universe The Density Parameter of the Universe Ω 0 is defined as the ratio

More information

The first 400,000 years

The first 400,000 years The first 400,000 years All about the Big Bang Temperature Chronology of the Big Bang The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) The VERY early universe Our Evolving Universe 1 Temperature and the Big Bang

More information

CH 14 MODERN COSMOLOGY The Study of Nature, origin and evolution of the universe Does the Universe have a center and an edge? What is the evidence

CH 14 MODERN COSMOLOGY The Study of Nature, origin and evolution of the universe Does the Universe have a center and an edge? What is the evidence CH 14 MODERN COSMOLOGY The Study of Nature, origin and evolution of the universe Does the Universe have a center and an edge? What is the evidence that the Universe began with a Big Bang? How has the Universe

More information

Distances to Quasars. Quasars. The Luminosity Puzzle. Seyfert Galaxies. Seyfert galaxies have

Distances to Quasars. Quasars. The Luminosity Puzzle. Seyfert Galaxies. Seyfert galaxies have Quasars In 1963 Martin Schmidt was trying to understand some unidentified lines in the optical spectra from a star that had a strong radio signal He realized that the lines were Balmer lines that were

More information

Astronomy 100 Exploring the Universe Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday. Tom Burbine

Astronomy 100 Exploring the Universe Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday. Tom Burbine Astronomy 100 Exploring the Universe Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday Tom Burbine tomburbine@astro.umass.edu Mass-to-Light Ratio You can compare the measured mass to the luminosity of a galaxy Milky Way Milky

More information

The LARGE POP TREMENDOUS EXPLOSION GIANT POW ENORMOUS WALLOP. BIG BANG(theory)!

The LARGE POP TREMENDOUS EXPLOSION GIANT POW ENORMOUS WALLOP. BIG BANG(theory)! The LARGE POP TREMENDOUS EXPLOSION GIANT POW ENORMOUS WALLOP BIG BANG(theory)! What IS the Big Bang? One of many plausible theories that tries to answer the question: How did the universe get to be the

More information

Galaxy A has a redshift of 0.3. Galaxy B has a redshift of 0.6. From this information and the existence of the Hubble Law you can conclude that

Galaxy A has a redshift of 0.3. Galaxy B has a redshift of 0.6. From this information and the existence of the Hubble Law you can conclude that Galaxy A has a redshift of 0.3. Galaxy B has a redshift of 0.6. From this information and the existence of the Hubble Law you can conclude that A) Galaxy B is two times further away than Galaxy A. B) Galaxy

More information

2. The evolution and structure of the universe is governed by General Relativity (GR).

2. The evolution and structure of the universe is governed by General Relativity (GR). 7/11 Chapter 12 Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the origin, evolution, and structure of the universe. We start with two assumptions: 1. Cosmological Principle: On a large enough scale (large compared

More information