Laser-Based Measurements for Time and Frequency
|
|
|
- Peter Norton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Laser-Based Measurements for Time and Frequency Domain Applications A Handbook Pasquale Maddaloni Marco Bellini Paolo De Natale CRC Press Taylor Si Francis Croup Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business A TAYLOR & FRANCIS BOOK
2 Contents Foreword Preface Authors xv xvii xix 1 Shedding light on the art of timekeeping The great show of Time and Light, the curtain rises! Brief history of timekeeping: time-frequency equivalence The parallel story of the speed of light The laser arrives: length-frequency equivalence and the birth of optical frequency metrology Role of c in fundamental physics In the end, time and light met up again: optical atomic clocks and outline of the book 20 2 Characterization and control of harmonic oscillators The ideal harmonic oscillator Synchronization in coupled oscillators Beating two oscillators Self-sustained oscillators The noisy oscillator Phase noise Review of mathematical tools Fundamental noise mechanisms Fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) Phase noise modelling The Leeson effect The Allan variance Oscillator power spectrum in the carrier frequency domain Effect of frequency multiplication on the power spectrum 2.6 Noise reduction in oscillators Phase-locked loops ,1 Optical phase-locked loops Injection locking Phase noise measurements Frequency counting Homodyne techniques Heterodyne techniques Self-heterodyning 83 vii
3 viii Contents 2.8 Amplitude noise measurements AM noise in optical systems 85 3 Passive resonators Microwave cavities Basic properties of bulk optical cavities Fabry-Perot etalon Paraxial ray analysis Wave analysis Cavity-design considerations Quarter wave stack reflectors Prism-based cavities Ill 3.4 Ultrastable cavities Thermal stability Vibration insensitive optical cavities Fiber cavities Directional coupler-based fiber cavities Resonators based on closely faced fiber tips FBG-based fiber resonators Whispering gallery mode resonators Wave theory of whispering gallery modes WGMs in a ray-optical picture Mode Q and volume WGM evanescent coupling Fabrication and applications of whispering gallery resonators Continuous-wave coherent radiation sources Principles of masers The hydrogen maser Compendium of laser theory The active medium Einstein A and B coefficients for absorption and emission Line-broadening mechanisms The pump The resonator Rate equations for a four-level system Transient behavior and relaxation oscillation Frequency pulling Achieving single-mode oscillation Line selection Single-tranverse mode selection Single-longitudinal mode selection The laser output Spatial coherence Spectral and temporal coherence The effect of spontaneous emission Intrinsic laser linewidth Amplified spontaneous emission Laser frequency fluctuations and stabilization techniques 213
4 Contents ix Side-lock to an atomic/molecular resonance Pound-Drever-Hall method ~~16-level laser frequency stabilization WGM resonators for laser frequency stabilization Hansch-Couillaud technique Laser frequency stabilization by locking to an optical fiber-delay line Injection locking Intensity fluctuations High-sensitivity photodiode array Optical ac coupling The laser as quasi-ideal oscillator Some specific laser systems He-Ne laser Carbon dioxide laser Dye lasers Ion-doped lasers and optical amplifiers Nd:YAG laser Ti:Sa laser Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers (YDEAs) Narrow-linewidth fiber lasers Semiconductor lasers Heterostructure diode lasers Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers Tapered semiconductor amplifiers Multiple-quantum-well lasers Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers Quantum cascade lasers Interband cascade lasers Nonlinear laser cw sources Sum frequency generation Optical parametric oscillators Difference frequency generators Tunable far-infrared radiation High-resolution spectroscopic frequency measurements Interferometric wavelength measurements Spectroscopic frequency measurements Principles of absorption laser spectroscopy Frequency modulation spectroscopy Harmonic detection Wavelength modulation spectroscopy Single- and two-tone frequency modulation spectroscopy Magnetic rotation spectroscopy Cavity-enhanced spectroscopy Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy Off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy Noise immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy Cavity ring-down spectroscopy 348
5 X Contents Phase-shift (PS) CRDS Saturated-absorption cavity ring-down spectroscopy Doppler-free saturation spectroscopy Frequency locking to a Lamb dip Cavity-enhanced Doppler-free saturation spectroscopy Doppler-free NICE-OHMS Doppler-free polarization spectroscopy Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy Second-order Doppler-free spectroscopy Sub-Doppler spectroscopy in atomic/molecular beams Effusive beams Supersonic beams Buffer-gas-cooling Ramsey fringes Laser frequency standards using thermal quantum absorbers Iodine-stabilized lasers Acetylene-stabilized lasers Methane-stabilized lasers Os04-stabilized lasers Atomic hydrogen standard Calcium standard Fourier transform spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy Coherent anti-stokes spectroscopy Stimulated Raman scattering Time and frequency measurements with pulsed laser systems Introduction Theory of mode locking Mode-locking mechanisms and dispersion compensation schemes 417 harmonics Tksapphire lasers and Kerr-lens mode locking Fiber-based lasers and nonlinear-polarization-rotation mode-locking Optical frequency comb synthesis from mode-locked lasers Comb stabilization Measurements with a frequency comb Measuring frequency differences Measuring absolute frequencies with an octave-spanning comb Absolute optical frequency synthesizer Direct frequency-comb spectroscopy Other measurement schemes and applications Relevant properties of a mode-locked laser for frequency-comb applications Microresonator-based frequency combs Extension of OFCSs into novel spectral regions High-order laser harmonics and extensions to the XUV Generation and properties of high-order laser Ramsey-type spectroscopy in the XUV with high-order harmonics Cavity-enhanced XUV frequency combs 456
6 Contents xi Attosecond pulses Mid-and far-infrared OFCSs Frequency standards General features of frequency standards and clocks Quartz oscillators Factors affecting crystal oscillator frequency accuracy Factors affecting frequency stability State-of-the-art ultrastable quartz oscillators Cryogenic sapphire oscillators Photonic microwave oscillators based on WGM resonators Generation of ultrastable microwaves via optical frequency division Trapping and cooling of neutral atoms Optical molasses Magneto-optical traps Bose-Einstein condensation Magnetic trapping Evaporative cooling Probing a BEC Cold stable molecules Stark decelerator Trapping and cooling of ions Paul traps Linear Paul traps Penning traps Trap loading Ion cooling techniques Laser cooling Sympathetic cooling Spectroscopy of trapped particles in the Lamb-Dicke regime Microwave atomic standards Metrological properties of the active hydrogen maser Maser design Frequency shifts Automatic tuning of the resonant cavity Frequency stability Cryogenic hydrogen masers Cesium clocks Cesium-beam frequency standards Cesium fountain clocks Uncertainty budget in a Cs fountain clock Rubidium clocks Rb fountain clocks Lamp-based Rb cell standards Laser-based Rb cell frequency standards Microwave ion clocks Time transfer and frequency dissemination Realization of time scales Realization of TAI 542
7 xii Contents Coordinated universal time Transmitting time information Portable clocks Giobal positioning system Frequency transfer A democratic absolute frequency chain Dissemination of microwave frequency standards Optical frequency transfer Future trends in fundamental physics and applications Optical atomic clocks Trapped ion optical clocks Systematic frequency shifts Neutral atoms optical lattice clocks The hydrogen atom as an inexhaustible wellspring of advances in precision spectroscopy Determination of the Rydberg constant and of the proton radius. 8.3 Spectroscopy of cold, trapped metastable helium Measurements of fundamental constants Boltzmann constant Ub Newton gravitational constant G Constancy of fundamental constants Fine structure constant a Proton-to-electron mass ratio / Speed of light c Frequency dependence of c and the mass of the photon Newton's gravitational constant Tests of fundamental physics laws Spectroscopic tests of spin-statistic connection and symmetrization postulate Search for the electron dipole moment Parity violation in chiral molecules Perspectives for precision spectroscopy of cold molecules Tests of general relativity: from ground-based experiments to space missions Testing the Einstein Equivalence Principle Tests of UFF Tests of LLI Tests of LPI Test of post-newtonian gravity Tests of the gravitational inverse square law Detection of gravitational waves Quantum-enhanced time and frequency measurements Standard quantum limit in physical measurements Using nonclassical light states for quantum-enhanced measurements Applications to time and frequency measurements Quantum logic spectroscopy Time and frequency quantum metrology Quantum positioning and clock synchronization Environmental metrology 625
8 Contents xiii Geophysical survey of volcanic areas Detection of very rare isotopes Stratospheric survey with tunable diode laser spectrometers Fiber sensing of physical and chemical parameters Strain sensing Acceleration measurements Chemical sensing by optical-fiber ring resonators 634 Bibliography 637 Index 701
F.G. Major. The Quantum Beat. The Physical Principles of Atomic Clocks. With 230 Illustrations. Springer
F.G. Major The Quantum Beat The Physical Principles of Atomic Clocks With 230 Illustrations Springer Contents Preface Chapter 1. Celestial and Mechanical Clocks 1 1.1 Cyclic Events in Nature 1 1.2 The
Laser Physics OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SIMON HOOKER COLIN WEBB. and. Department of Physics, University of Oxford
Laser Physics SIMON HOOKER and COLIN WEBB Department of Physics, University of Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 The laser 1.2 Electromagnetic radiation in a closed cavity 1.2.1
Wolfgang Demtroder. Laser Spectroscopy. Basic Concepts and Instrumentation. Second Enlarged Edition With 644 Figures and 91 Problems.
Wolfgang Demtroder Laser Spectroscopy Basic Concepts and Instrumentation Second Enlarged Edition With 644 Figures and 91 Problems Springer Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Absorption and Emission of Light
ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY
ALAN CORNEY ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD 1977 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Planck's radiation law. 1 1.2. The photoelectric effect 4 1.3. Early atomic spectroscopy 5 1.4. The postulates
LIST OF TOPICS BASIC LASER PHYSICS. Preface xiii Units and Notation xv List of Symbols xvii
ate LIST OF TOPICS Preface xiii Units and Notation xv List of Symbols xvii BASIC LASER PHYSICS Chapter 1 An Introduction to Lasers 1.1 What Is a Laser? 2 1.2 Atomic Energy Levels and Spontaneous Emission
Lasers and Electro-optics
Lasers and Electro-optics Second Edition CHRISTOPHER C. DAVIS University of Maryland III ^0 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Preface to the Second Edition page xv 1 Electromagnetic waves, light, and lasers 1
Fiber Gratings p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Bragg Diffraction p. 2 Photosensitivity p. 3 Fabrication Techniques p. 4 Single-Beam Internal Technique p.
Preface p. xiii Fiber Gratings p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Bragg Diffraction p. 2 Photosensitivity p. 3 Fabrication Techniques p. 4 Single-Beam Internal Technique p. 4 Dual-Beam Holographic Technique p. 5
Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits
Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits L. A. COLDREN S. W. CORZINE University of California Santa Barbara, California A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. NEW YORK / CHICHESTER
Quantum optics. Marian O. Scully Texas A&M University and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik. M. Suhail Zubairy Quaid-i-Azam University
Quantum optics Marian O. Scully Texas A&M University and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik M. Suhail Zubairy Quaid-i-Azam University 1 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Preface xix 1 Quantum theory of radiation
Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers
Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers John Carroll, James Whiteaway & Dick Plumb The Institution of Electrical Engineers SPIE Optical Engineering Press 1 Preface Acknowledgments Principal abbreviations
Elements of Quantum Optics
Pierre Meystre Murray Sargent III Elements of Quantum Optics Fourth Edition With 124 Figures fya Springer Contents 1 Classical Electromagnetic Fields 1 1.1 Maxwell's Equations in a Vacuum 2 1.2 Maxwell's
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing. Course Outline 2009
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing Course Outline 2009 Part I. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Chapter 1. Concepts of Quantum and Experimental Facts 1.1. Blackbody Radiation and
Contents. Part I Fundamentals of Lasers 1 Introduction... 3
Contents Part I Fundamentals of Lasers 1 Introduction... 3 2 Basic Optics... 9 2.1 Introduction...... 9 2.2 TheWaveEquation... 9 2.3 Linearly Polarized Waves.... 13 2.4 Circularly and Elliptically Polarized
Optics, Optoelectronics and Photonics
Optics, Optoelectronics and Photonics Engineering Principles and Applications Alan Billings Emeritus Professor, University of Western Australia New York London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore v Contents
Optics, Light and Lasers
Dieter Meschede Optics, Light and Lasers The Practical Approach to Modern Aspects of Photonics and Laser Physics Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition BICENTENNIAL.... n 4 '':- t' 1 8 0 7 $W1LEY 2007 tri
CONTENTS. vii. CHAPTER 2 Operators 15
CHAPTER 1 Why Quantum Mechanics? 1 1.1 Newtonian Mechanics and Classical Electromagnetism 1 (a) Newtonian Mechanics 1 (b) Electromagnetism 2 1.2 Black Body Radiation 3 1.3 The Heat Capacity of Solids and
Professor Dr. Wolfgang Demtröder
Wolfgang Demtröder Laser Spectroscopy Basic Concepts and Instrumentation Third Edition With 710 Figures,16 Tables 93 Problems and Hints for Solution 13 Professor Dr. Wolfgang Demtröder Universität Kaiserslautern
Development of a compact Yb optical lattice clock
Development of a compact Yb optical lattice clock A. A. Görlitz, C. Abou-Jaoudeh, C. Bruni, B. I. Ernsting, A. Nevsky, S. Schiller C. ESA Workshop on Optical Atomic Clocks D. Frascati, 14 th 16 th of October
Semiconductor Lasers II
Semiconductor Lasers II Materials and Structures Edited by Eli Kapon Institute of Micro and Optoelectronics Department of Physics Swiss Federal Institute oftechnology, Lausanne OPTICS AND PHOTONICS ACADEMIC
High stability laser source for cold atoms applications
High stability laser source for cold atoms applications Cold atoms research, which historically started as part of the atomic physics field, has grown into a wide, highly interdisciplinary research effort.
Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 5. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 5 Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation High Intensities Narrow Bandwidths Coherent Outputs Applications CD/DVD Readers Fiber Optics Spectroscopy
Wavelength Frequency Measurements
Wavelength Frequency Measurements Frequency: - unit to be measured most accurately in physics - frequency counters + frequency combs (gear wheels) - clocks for time-frequency Wavelength: - no longer fashionable
Laser Spectroscopy of HeH + 施宙聰 2011 AMO TALK 2011/9/26
Laser Spectroscopy of HeH + 施宙聰 2011 AMO TALK 2011/9/26 Outline Introduction Previous experimental results Saturation spectroscopy Conclusions and future works Diatomic Molecules Total energy=electronic
Stimulated Emission. Electrons can absorb photons from medium. Accelerated electrons emit light to return their ground state
Lecture 15 Stimulated Emission Devices- Lasers Stimulated emission and light amplification Einstein coefficients Optical fiber amplifiers Gas laser and He-Ne Laser The output spectrum of a gas laser Laser
Experimental tests of QED in bound and isolated systems
QED & Quantum Vaccum, Low Energy Frontier, 03001 (2012) DOI: 10.1051/iesc/2012qed03001 Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2012 Experimental tests of QED in bound and isolated systems Lucile
Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy
Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Section I Q1. Answer (i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (c) (iv) (c) (v) (a) (vi) (b) (vii) (b) (viii) (a) (ix)
OPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626
OPTI510R: Photonics Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona kkieu@optics.arizona.edu Meinel building R.626 Announcements HW #5 due today April 11 th class will be at 2PM instead of
CW-Lyman- Source for Laser Cooling of Antihydrogen in a Magnetic Trap
CW-Lyman- Source for Laser Cooling of Antihydrogen in a Magnetic Trap F. Markert, M. Scheid, D. Kolbe, A. Müllers, T. Weber, V. Neises, R. Steinborn and J. Walz Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Transportable optical clocks: Towards gravimetry based on the gravitational redshift
Transportable optical clocks: Towards gravimetry based on the gravitational redshift A.A. Görlitz, P. Lemonde, C. Salomon, B.S. Schiller, U. Sterr and G. Tino C.Towards a Roadmap for Future Satellite Gravity
Stimulated Emission Devices: LASERS
Stimulated Emission Devices: LASERS 1. Stimulated Emission and Photon Amplification E 2 E 2 E 2 hυ hυ hυ In hυ Out hυ E 1 E 1 E 1 (a) Absorption (b) Spontaneous emission (c) Stimulated emission The Principle
Microwave and optical spectroscopy in r.f. traps Application to atomic clocks
Microwave and optical spectroscopy in r.f. traps Application to atomic clocks Microwave spectroscopy for hyperfine structure t measurements Energy of a hyperfine state Hyperfine coupling constants: A:
Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Structures
Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Structures Jasprit Singh University of Michigan, Ann Arbor CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS PREFACE INTRODUCTION xiii xiv 1.1 SURVEY OF ADVANCES
Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials
Phys 590B Condensed Matter Physics: Experimental Methods Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials Basic optics, nonlinear and ultrafast optics Jigang Wang Department of Physics, Iowa State University
Harald Ibach Hans Lüth SOLID-STATE PHYSICS. An Introduction to Theory and Experiment
Harald Ibach Hans Lüth SOLID-STATE PHYSICS An Introduction to Theory and Experiment With 230 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest Contents
Atom-based Frequency Metrology: Real World Applications
Atom-based Frequency Metrology: Real World Applications Anne Curtis National Physical Laboratory Teddington, UK Outline Introduction to atom-based frequency metrology Practical Uses - Tests of fundamental
Physics of atoms and molecules
Physics of atoms and molecules 2nd edition B.H. Bransden and C.J. Joachain Prentice Hall An imprint of Pearson Education Harlow, England London New York Boston San Francisco Toronto Sydney Singapore Hong
MODERN PHYSICS Frank J. Blatt Professor of Physics, University of Vermont
MODERN PHYSICS Frank J. Blatt Professor of Physics, University of Vermont McGRAW-HILL, INC. New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan Montreal New Delhi
Ho:YLF pumped HBr laser
Ho:YLF pumped HBr laser L R Botha, 1,2,* C Bollig, 1 M J D Esser, 1 R N Campbell 4, C Jacobs 1,3 and D R Preussler 1 1 National Laser Centre, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa 2 Laser Research Institute, Department
OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SPECTROSCOPY OF NANOAAATERIALS. Jin Zhong Zhang. World Scientific TECHNISCHE INFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK
OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SPECTROSCOPY OF NANOAAATERIALS Jin Zhong Zhang University of California, Santa Cruz, USA TECHNISCHE INFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK Y World Scientific NEW JERSEY. t'on.don SINGAPORE «'BEIJING
Introduction to Modern Quantum Optics
Introduction to Modern Quantum Optics Jin-Sheng Peng Gao-Xiang Li Huazhong Normal University, China Vfe World Scientific» Singapore* * NewJerseyL Jersey* London* Hong Kong IX CONTENTS Preface PART I. Theory
Quantum Computation with Neutral Atoms Lectures 14-15
Quantum Computation with Neutral Atoms Lectures 14-15 15 Marianna Safronova Department of Physics and Astronomy Back to the real world: What do we need to build a quantum computer? Qubits which retain
Molecular spectroscopy
Molecular spectroscopy Origin of spectral lines = absorption, emission and scattering of a photon when the energy of a molecule changes: rad( ) M M * rad( ' ) ' v' 0 0 absorption( ) emission ( ) scattering
Atoms and Molecules Interacting with Light Atomic Physics for the Laser Era
Atoms and Molecules Interacting with Light Atomic Physics for the Laser Era Peter van der Straten Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands and Harold Metcalf State University of New York, Stony Brook This
L.A.S.E.R. LIGHT AMPLIFICATION. EMISSION of RADIATION
Lasers L.A.S.E.R. LIGHT AMPLIFICATION by STIMULATED EMISSION of RADIATION History of Lasers and Related Discoveries 1917 Stimulated emission proposed by Einstein 1947 Holography (Gabor, Physics Nobel Prize
Stimulated Emission. ! Electrons can absorb photons from medium. ! Accelerated electrons emit light to return their ground state
Lecture 15 Stimulated Emission Devices- Lasers! Stimulated emission and light amplification! Einstein coefficients! Optical fiber amplifiers! Gas laser and He-Ne Laser! The output spectrum of a gas laser!
A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics
Hans-A. Bachor and Timothy C. Ralph A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag CmbH Co. KGaA Contents Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical
MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY First Edition Jeanne L. McHale University of Idaho PRENTICE HALL, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 CONTENTS PREFACE xiii 1 INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW 1 1.1 Historical Perspective
Wolfgang Demtroder. Molecular Physics. Theoretical Principles and Experimental Methods WILEY- VCH. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
Wolfgang Demtroder Molecular Physics Theoretical Principles and Experimental Methods WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA v Preface xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Short Historical Overview 2 1.2 Molecular
Understanding. Solid State Physics. Sharon Ann Holgate. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London NewYork
Understanding Solid State Physics Sharon Ann Holgate (И CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London NewYork CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business A TAYLORS FRANCIS
Ion traps. Trapping of charged particles in electromagnetic. Laser cooling, sympathetic cooling, optical clocks
Ion traps Trapping of charged particles in electromagnetic fields Dynamics of trapped ions Applications to nuclear physics and QED The Paul trap Laser cooling, sympathetic cooling, optical clocks Coulomb
EYLSA laser for atom cooling
1/7 For decades, cold atom system and Bose-Einstein condensates (obtained from ultra-cold atoms) have been two of the most studied topics in fundamental physics. Several Nobel prizes have been awarded
X-Rays From Laser Plasmas
X-Rays From Laser Plasmas Generation and Applications I. C. E. TURCU CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK and J. B. DANCE JOHN WILEY & SONS Chichester New York Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto Contents
Chapter-4 Stimulated emission devices LASERS
Semiconductor Laser Diodes Chapter-4 Stimulated emission devices LASERS The Road Ahead Lasers Basic Principles Applications Gas Lasers Semiconductor Lasers Semiconductor Lasers in Optical Networks Improvement
INTRODUCTION TO о JLXJLA Из А lv-/xvj_y JrJrl Y üv_>l3 Second Edition
INTRODUCTION TO о JLXJLA Из А lv-/xvj_y JrJrl Y üv_>l3 Second Edition Kerson Huang CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group an Informa
OPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS
OPTI 511R: OPTICAL PHYSICS & LASERS Instructor: R. Jason Jones Office Hours: TBD Teaching Assistant: Robert Rockmore Office Hours: Wed. (TBD) h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)511r/ h"p://wp.op)cs.arizona.edu/op)511r/
(b) Spontaneous emission. Absorption, spontaneous (random photon) emission and stimulated emission.
Lecture 10 Stimulated Emission Devices Lasers Stimulated emission and light amplification Einstein coefficients Optical fiber amplifiers Gas laser and He-Ne Laser The output spectrum of a gas laser Laser
Fundamentals: Frequency & Time Generation
Fundamentals: Frequency & Time Generation Dominik Schneuwly Oscilloquartz SA slide 1 v.1.0 24/10/12 SCDO Content 1. Fundamentals 2. Frequency Generation Atomic Cesium Clock (Cs) Rubidium Oscillator (Rb)
What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light
What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light amplification) Optical Resonator Cavity (greatly increase
Chapter9. Amplification of light. Lasers Part 2
Chapter9. Amplification of light. Lasers Part 06... Changhee Lee School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National Univ. chlee7@snu.ac.kr /9 9. Stimulated emission and thermal radiation The
Engineering Medical Optics BME136/251 Winter 2017
Engineering Medical Optics BME136/251 Winter 2017 Monday/Wednesday 2:00-3:20 p.m. Beckman Laser Institute Library, MSTB 214 (lab) Teaching Assistants (Office hours: Every Tuesday at 2pm outside of the
Ultracold atoms and molecules
Advanced Experimental Techniques Ultracold atoms and molecules Steven Knoop s.knoop@vu.nl VU, June 014 1 Ultracold atoms laser cooling evaporative cooling BEC Bose-Einstein condensation atom trap: magnetic
Near-Field Nano/Atom Optics and Technology
M. Ohtsu (Ed.) Near-Field Nano/Atom Optics and Technology With 189 Figures / Springer Preface List of Contributors V VII XIII 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Near-Field Optics and Related Technologies 1 1.2 History
F. Elohim Becerra Chavez
F. Elohim Becerra Chavez Email:fbecerra@unm.edu Office: P&A 19 Phone: 505 277-2673 Lectures: Monday and Wednesday, 5:30-6:45 pm P&A Room 184. Textbook: Many good ones (see webpage) Lectures follow order
Titelmasterformat durch About atomic (optical) clocks Klicken bearbeiten
Titelmasterformat durch About atomic (optical) clocks Klicken bearbeiten Christian Lisdat Goslar 12.02.2013 Gesetz über die Einheiten im Messwesen und die Zeitbestimmung Why clocks? 6 Physikalisch-Technische
Comments to Atkins: Physical chemistry, 7th edition.
Comments to Atkins: Physical chemistry, 7th edition. Chapter 16: p. 483, Eq. (16.1). The definition that the wave number is the inverse of the wave length should be used. That is much smarter. p. 483-484.
Rotational states and rotational transitions of molecules. Microwave spectroscopic methods
Rotational states and rotational transitions of molecules Microwave spectroscopic methods Consequences of the BO approximation Within the BO approximation, the Schrödinger equation can be solved using
SOLID STATE PHYSICS. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons. J. R. Hook H. E. Hall. Department of Physics, University of Manchester
SOLID STATE PHYSICS Second Edition J. R. Hook H. E. Hall Department of Physics, University of Manchester John Wiley & Sons CHICHESTER NEW YORK BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE Contents Flow diagram Inside front
Atomic clocks. Clocks
Atomic clocks Clocks 1 Ingredients for a clock 1. Need a system with periodic behavior: it cycles occur at constant frequency 2. Count the cycles to produce time interval 3. Agree on the origin of time
Introduction to Semiconductor Integrated Optics
Introduction to Semiconductor Integrated Optics Hans P. Zappe Artech House Boston London Contents acknowledgments reface itroduction Chapter 1 Basic Electromagnetics 1 1.1 General Relationships 1 1.1.1
Accelerator Physics. Tip World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI BANGALORE. Second Edition. S. Y.
Accelerator Physics Second Edition S. Y. Lee Department of Physics, Indiana University Tip World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI BANGALORE Contents Preface Preface
Precision Interferometry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate. Cass Sackett. Research Talk 17 October 2008
Precision Interferometry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate Cass Sackett Research Talk 17 October 2008 Outline Atom interferometry Bose condensates Our interferometer One application What is atom interferometry?
A few Experimental methods for optical spectroscopy Classical methods Modern methods. Remember class #1 Generating fast LASER pulses
A few Experimental methods for optical spectroscopy Classical methods Modern methods Shorter class Remember class #1 Generating fast LASER pulses, 2017 Uwe Burghaus, Fargo, ND, USA W. Demtröder, Laser
Saturation Absorption Spectroscopy of Rubidium Atom
Saturation Absorption Spectroscopy of Rubidium Atom Jayash Panigrahi August 17, 2013 Abstract Saturated absorption spectroscopy has various application in laser cooling which have many relevant uses in
Signal regeneration - optical amplifiers
Signal regeneration - optical amplifiers In any atom or solid, the state of the electrons can change by: 1) Stimulated absorption - in the presence of a light wave, a photon is absorbed, the electron is
Phys 2310 Fri. Dec. 12, 2014 Today s Topics. Begin Chapter 13: Lasers Reading for Next Time
Phys 2310 Fri. Dec. 12, 2014 Today s Topics Begin Chapter 13: Lasers Reading for Next Time 1 Reading this Week By Fri.: Ch. 13 (13.1, 13.3) Lasers, Holography 2 Homework this Week No Homework this chapter.
MODERN OPTICS. P47 Optics: Unit 9
MODERN OPTICS P47 Optics: Unit 9 Course Outline Unit 1: Electromagnetic Waves Unit 2: Interaction with Matter Unit 3: Geometric Optics Unit 4: Superposition of Waves Unit 5: Polarization Unit 6: Interference
Prospects for a superradiant laser
Prospects for a superradiant laser M. Holland murray.holland@colorado.edu Dominic Meiser Jun Ye Kioloa Workshop D. Meiser, Jun Ye, D. Carlson, and MH, PRL 102, 163601 (2009). D. Meiser and MH, PRA 81,
LASERS. Amplifiers: Broad-band communications (avoid down-conversion)
L- LASERS Representative applications: Amplifiers: Broad-band communications (avoid down-conversion) Oscillators: Blasting: Energy States: Hydrogen atom Frequency/distance reference, local oscillators,
Primary Frequency Standards at NIST. S.R. Jefferts NIST Time and Frequency Division
Primary Frequency Standards at NIST S.R. Jefferts NIST Time and Frequency Division Outline Atomic Clocks - general Primary Frequency Standard Beam Standards Laser-Cooled Primary Standards Systematic Frequency
Quantum Electronics Laser Physics. Chapter 5. The Laser Amplifier
Quantum Electronics Laser Physics Chapter 5. The Laser Amplifier 1 The laser amplifier 5.1 Amplifier Gain 5.2 Amplifier Bandwidth 5.3 Amplifier Phase-Shift 5.4 Amplifier Power source and rate equations
Dr. Jean Lautier-Gaud October, 14 th 2016
New generation of operational atomic clock: what perspectives for radio-astronomy & VLBI? Dr. Jean Lautier-Gaud October, 14 th 2016 Courtesy of Noel Dimarcq, SYRTE Content 1. Why is Muquans here? 2. What
QUESTION BANK IN PHYSICS
QUESTION BANK IN PHYSICS LASERS. Name some properties, which make laser light different from ordinary light. () {JUN 5. The output power of a given laser is mw and the emitted wavelength is 630nm. Calculate
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Index
347 Index a AC fields 81 119 electric 81, 109 116 laser 81, 136 magnetic 112 microwave 107 109 AC field traps see Traps AC Stark effect 82, 84, 90, 96, 97 101, 104 109 Adiabatic approximation 3, 10, 32
QUANTUM- CLASSICAL ANALOGIES
D. Dragoman M. Dragoman QUANTUM- CLASSICAL ANALOGIES With 78 Figures ^Ü Springer 1 Introduction 1 2 Analogies Between Ballistic Electrons and Electromagnetic Waves 9 2.1 Analog Parameters for Ballistic
Laser cooling and trapping
Laser cooling and trapping William D. Phillips wdp@umd.edu Physics 623 14 April 2016 Why Cool and Trap Atoms? Original motivation and most practical current application: ATOMIC CLOCKS Current scientific
Exploring the quantum dynamics of atoms and photons in cavities. Serge Haroche, ENS and Collège de France, Paris
Exploring the quantum dynamics of atoms and photons in cavities Serge Haroche, ENS and Collège de France, Paris Experiments in which single atoms and photons are manipulated in high Q cavities are modern
THE OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF STELLAR PHOTOSPHERES
THE OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF STELLAR PHOTOSPHERES DAVID F. GRAY University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface to the first edition Preface to the
Modern Optical Spectroscopy
Modern Optical Spectroscopy With Exercises and Examples from Biophysics and Biochemistry von William W Parson 1. Auflage Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Verlag C.H. Beck im Internet: www.beck.de
High Accuracy Strontium Ion Optical Clock
High Accuracy Strontium Ion Optical Clock Helen Margolis, Geoff Barwood, Hugh Klein, Guilong Huang, Stephen Lea, Krzysztof Szymaniec and Patrick Gill T&F Club 15 th April 2005 Outline Optical frequency
Phys 2310 Mon. Dec. 4, 2017 Today s Topics. Begin supplementary material: Lasers Reading for Next Time
Phys 2310 Mon. Dec. 4, 2017 Today s Topics Begin supplementary material: Lasers Reading for Next Time 1 By Wed.: Reading this Week Lasers, Holography 2 Homework this Week No Homework this chapter. Finish
Survey on Laser Spectroscopic Techniques for Condensed Matter
Survey on Laser Spectroscopic Techniques for Condensed Matter Coherent Radiation Sources for Small Laboratories CW: Tunability: IR Visible Linewidth: 1 Hz Power: μw 10W Pulsed: Tunabality: THz Soft X-ray
Interferometric. Gravitational Wav. Detectors. \p World Scientific. Fundamentals of. Peter R. Sawlson. Syracuse University, USA.
SINGAPORE HONGKONG Fundamentals of Interferometric Gravitational Wav Detectors Second Edition Peter R. Sawlson Martin A. Pomerantz '37 Professor of Physics Syracuse University, USA \p World Scientific
Semiconductor Physical Electronics
Semiconductor Physical Electronics Sheng S. Li Department of Electrical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Plenum Press New York and London Contents CHAPTER 1. Classification of Solids
B 2 P 2, which implies that g B should be
Enhanced Summary of G.P. Agrawal Nonlinear Fiber Optics (3rd ed) Chapter 9 on SBS Stimulated Brillouin scattering is a nonlinear three-wave interaction between a forward-going laser pump beam P, a forward-going
OPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626
OPTI510R: Photonics Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona kkieu@optics.arizona.edu Meinel building R.626 Important announcements Homework #1 is due. Homework #2 is assigned, due
Modern optics Lasers
Chapter 13 Phys 322 Lecture 36 Modern optics Lasers Reminder: Please complete the online course evaluation Last lecture: Review discussion (no quiz) LASER = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Spectroscopy. Practical Handbook of. J. W. Robinson, Ph.D., D.Sc, F.R.C.S. Department of Chemistry Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Practical Handbook of Spectroscopy Edited by J. W. Robinson, Ph.D., D.Sc, F.R.C.S. Department of Chemistry Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana CRC Press Boca Raton Ann Arbor Boston TABLE
Solitons. Nonlinear pulses and beams
Solitons Nonlinear pulses and beams Nail N. Akhmediev and Adrian Ankiewicz Optical Sciences Centre The Australian National University Canberra Australia m CHAPMAN & HALL London Weinheim New York Tokyo
Sub-Doppler two-photon laser spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium and the antiproton-toelectron
Sub-Doppler two-photon laser spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium and the antiproton-toelectron mass ratio Fukuoka, August 2012 Masaki Hori Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics A. Sótér, D. Barna, A.
Optical Characterization of Solids
D. Dragoman M. Dragoman Optical Characterization of Solids With 184 Figures Springer 1. Elementary Excitations in Solids 1 1.1 Energy Band Structure in Crystalline Materials 2 1.2 k p Method 11 1.3 Numerical