ROAD SAFETY AUDIT. South Street / Electric Avenue / Old South Street. City of Fitchburg. October 26, Prepared For: MassDOT

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1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT / Electric Avenue / Old City of Fitchburg October 26, 2015 Prepared For: MassDOT On Behalf Of: City of Fitchburg Prepared By: TEC, Inc. 65 Glenn Street Lawrence, MA 01843

2 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Table of Contents Contents Background... 1 Project Data... 1 Project Location and Description... 3 Audit Observations and Potential Safety Enhancements... 8 Summary of Road Safety Audit List of Appendices Appendix A. Appendix B. Appendix C. Appendix D. RSA Meeting Agenda RSA Audit Team Contact List Detailed Crash Data Additional Information List of Figures Figure 1: Locus Map... 4 List of Tables Table 1: Participating Audit Team Members... 2 Table 2: Existing Traffic Volume Summary... 6 Table 3: Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown Table 4: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary Table 5: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary School Concerns... 30

3 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Background In cooperation with the City of Fitchburg, TEC, Inc. has been retained by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) to evaluate the existing traffic safety issues at the / Electric Avenue / Old intersection in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. This safety evaluation is being conducted as part of the Massachusetts Safe Routes to School (SRTS) Infrastructure Program, improving the accessibility and safety for pedestrian and bicycle traffic near the Elementary School in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. The / Electric Avenue / Old intersection was identified for further evaluation and improvements as part of the Elementary School SRTS Preliminary Assessment dated February 7, 2014 prepared by TEC, Inc. Road Safety Audit Justification In conjunction with the preliminary design (pre-25% Design) stage and Functional Design Report (FDR) for these improvements, TEC, Inc. is submitting this Road Safety Audit (RSA) report for the / Electric Avenue / Old intersection. An RSA, as defined by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), is the formal safety performance examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team. The purpose of the RSA is to observe, identify, and report all safety issues and identify future opportunities for safety enhancement improvements for all roadway users. This includes identifying both shortterm and long-term safety improvements which can be implemented through general maintenance, immediate installation / removal, or could be potentially incorporated into future improvement projects. In August 2005, the transportation act entitled the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Act - A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) was passed. This act provides guidance and funding for the implementation of a State Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP). As part of this program, all states are required to develop a Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP). The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) guidelines require an RSA to be conducted where HSIP-eligible crash clusters are present within the study area of a transportation improvement project, prior to commencing or finalizing a 25% Design and FDR. An intersection is defined as HSIP-eligible if the intersection is within the top 5% of clusters in its respective Regional Planning Commission (RPC) boundaries based on Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO). EPDO rates crashes based on the collision severity. Based on the published MassDOT database, the / Electric Avenue / Old intersection is recognized as an HSIP-eligible intersection. Project Data TEC, Inc. of Lawrence, Massachusetts is the primary traffic safety investigation consultant in an RSA for the intersection of / Electric Avenue / Old in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. The RSA was conducted on Monday, October 5, 2015 at 8:45 AM. The Audit agenda was slightly altered from the typical standard and began with a field visit at the study intersection in order to be present during the Elementary School student arrival period. The audit site walk consisted of field Page 1

4 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. observations at the audit intersection. Handwritten notes and photographs documented the observations made by audit team members during the site walk. The typical pre and post-audit meetings were held jointly following the field visit at the Montachusett Regional Transit Authority (MART) office in Leominster. During this post field visit meeting, the Audit team discussed the project s background, the audit process, reviewed the distributed materials, and discussed some of the issues that Team members had observed individually. The Team confirmed the observations made in the field and offered solutions to enhance the safety of areas noted in the site walk and pre-audit meeting. A copy of the RSA agenda can be found in Appendix A. TEC has also conducted other field visits to this audit location as part of its planning and Pre-25% Design work. As presented in Table 1, the audit team consisted of a cross-section of state, regional, and local engineering, planning, enforcement, maintenance, and emergency response professionals and was assembled in conjunction with input from MassDOT s Traffic Safety Management Unit. Contact information for all participating audit team members is provided in Appendix B. Table 1: Participating Audit Team Members Audit Team Member Agency/Affiliation John Thompson Joseph Richardson Richard Liberatore Paul McNamara Michael O Hara Paula Caron Lenny Laakso Elementary School Principal City of Fitchburg Public Schools Building and Maintenance City of Fitchburg Fire Department City of Fitchburg Police Department Traffic Bureau City of Fitchburg Community Development City of Fitchburg Planning Board City of Fitchburg Department of Public Works Amy Green City of Fitchburg City Council Ward 1 Sheri Bean Bonnie Mahoney John Mastera William Ullom Lola Campbell Samuel W. Gregorio Steven J. Mallory. Eric R. Paquette Montachusett Regional Planning Commission (MRPC) Montachusett Regional Transit Authority (MART) MassDOT Boston Traffic Safety Unit MassDOT Boston Traffic Safety Unit MassDOT District 3 Traffic TEC, Inc. TEC, Inc. TEC, Inc. Audit participants were provided with materials to review prior to the audit meeting. The materials included a summary of collision data, collision diagrams, a summary of the type and severity of each collision, intersection volume and speed data, and MassDOT speed regulations for both and Electric Avenue. Participants were encouraged to visit the site prior to the audit and were urged to consider elements on MassDOT s Safety Review Prompt List. Page 2

5 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Project Location and Description The Road Safety Audit was conducted at the intersection of / Electric Avenue / Old South Street in the City of Fitchburg, Massachusetts. A Study Area Location Map is provided in Figure 1. A detailed description of the study area roadways and intersection are provided below: Existing Geometry and Infrastructure is a two-lane, north-south urban minor arterial roadway maintained by the City of Fitchburg. The roadway, which parallels MA State Route 12, provides local connection between MA State Route 2 to the south and Downtown Fitchburg to the north. In the vicinity of Audit area, is approximately 40-feet wide within a 50-foot City Layout. Directional flow along is separated by a marked centerline. In the vicinity of the Audit area, a MassDOT Speed Regulation establishes a posted speed limit of 35 miles per hour (MPH) along south of Electric Avenue and 30 MPH north of Electric Avenue. A signed school zone of 20 MPH is present immediately in front of the Elementary School. Sidewalks are present along the easterly side of between Electric Avenue to the south and Laurel Street to the north, and intermittent along the westerly side of between the Ashley Ridge Apartments to the south and Laurel Street to the north. A gap in the sidewalk network exists between Electric Avenue to the south and Putnam Park to the north. Although there are no traditional bicycle accommodations along such as bicycle lanes or shared use markings, shoulders along long segments of are between 4 and 5-feer and width providing space for bicycle travel. Electric Avenue Electric Avenue is a two-lane, east-west urban minor arterial roadway maintained by the City of Fitchburg. The roadway provides local connection between Parkill Plaza to the west and to the east. In the vicinity of the Audit area, Electric Avenue is approximately 40-feet wide within a 50-foot City Layout. Directional flow along Electric Avenue is separated by a marked centerline. In the vicinity of the Audit area, a MassDOT Speed Regulation establishes a posted speed limit of 30 MPH along Electric Avenue. Page 3

6 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Figure 1: Locus Map Page 4

7 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Sidewalks are present along the northerly side of Electric Avenue for a large majority of its length with a 200-foot segment missing in the network approaching to the east and a short segment immediately west of Mount Elam Road. There is no sidewalk along the south side of Electric Avenue east of Mount Elam Road. There are no traditional bicycle accommodations along Electric Avenue such as bicycle lanes or shared use markings. Old Old is a two-lane, north-south local roadway maintained by the City of Fitchburg. The roadway, which parallels for 500 feet south of Electric Avenue, provides local access to residential neighborhoods east of. Old is approximately 35-feet wide. Directional flow along Old is separated by a marked centerline for part of it length approaching the intersection with and Electric Avenue. Posted speed limits are not present along Old ; however, Massachusetts General Law (MGL) Chapter 90, Section 17 statutory prima facie speed for a thickly settled roadway is 30 MPH. Sidewalks are present along the northerly side of Old between Heywood Street to the south and to the north. There are no traditional bicycle accommodations along Electric Avenue such as bicycle lanes or shared use markings. Intersection: / Electric Avenue / Old Electric Avenue and Old intersect to form a four-legged, pre-timed signalized intersection. The Electric Avenue eastbound and Old westbound approaches both consist of a shared left-turn/through lane and an exclusive right-turn lane with directional flow separated by a marked centerline. The northbound approach consists of an exclusive left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane. The southbound approach consists of a shared leftturn/through lane and an exclusive right-turn lane. Directional flow along is separated by a marked centerline. On-street parking is not permitted along any of the roadways near the intersection. Public Transportation Accommodations The Montachusett Regional Transit Authority (MART) operates three routes which travel along South Street through the Electric Avenue / Old intersection; including: MART Bus Route 1, MART Bus Route 3, and the MART Intercity Bus. There are currently no bus stops located in the vicinity of the / Electric Avenue / Old intersection. Pedestrian and Bicycle Accommodations Pedestrian and bicycle accommodations and usage are limited at the intersection of / Electric Avenue / Old. A sidewalk is present along the westerly side of through the intersection. Although a sidewalk connects the northerly side of Old and the easterly side of, the sidewalk is set-back on the far side of the park area on the northeast corner of the intersection. A sidewalk is also present along the northerly side of Electric Avenue; however it terminates 200 feet prior to. There are currently no accessible curb ramps or crosswalks present at the intersection. In addition, there is no pedestrian traffic signal equipment or phasing provided Page 5

8 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. as part of the signalized intersection. There are no traditional bicycle accommodations at or approaching the intersection. Usable shoulders along, north of the intersection, were measured at 4 to 5- feet wide and do accommodate the limited bicycles traffic. Further discussion on intersection layout and deficiencies are highlighted in the following sections. Automatic Traffic Recorder Count Data Automatic Traffic Recorder (ATR) counts were conducted on just north of Electric Avenue from Wednesday, September 9, 2015 to Thursday, September 10, 2015 for a continuous 48-hour period. The counts were used to collect volume, speed, and vehicle classification information. A summary of the weekday ATR traffic data is presented in Table 2. Table 2: Existing Traffic Volume Summary Location (just north of Electric Avenue) Weekday Traffic Volume a Weekday Morning Peak Hour Traffic Volume b K Factor c Directional Distribution d Weekday Evening Peak Hour Traffic Volume K Factor Directional Distribution 10, % 52.8% NB % 54.8% SB carries approximately 10,800 vehicles-per-day (vpd) on an average weekday north of Electric Avenue. The majority of vehicles along are travelling northbound in the weekday morning peak period and southbound during the weekday evening peak period. Because the directional distribution is almost evenly split for both the weekday morning and weekday evening peak hours, this suggests commuters are travelling to / from Boston (via MA State Route 2) and downtown Fitchburg. South of the intersection, carries a considerable amount of additional traffic volumes. Spot traffic counts conducted by MassDOT in mid-august 2013 indicate an average daily traffic volume of 17,770 vpd along, north of Wanoosnoc Road (approximately 1 mile south of Electric Avenue. Utilizing the weekday evening peak hour K-factor from the ATR data above and the total entering volume during the concurrent time period, the signalized intersection of / Electric Avenue / Old is estimated to service approximately 25,940 vpd. Speed Data The ATR counts that were conducted from Wednesday, September 9, 2015 to Thursday, September 10, 2015 included an evaluation of travel speeds for all vehicles during the course of the 48-hour period. This speed data indicated an 85 th percentile speed along of 32 miles per hour (MPH) in the northbound direction and 28 MPH in the southbound direction. During the RSA meeting, Paul McNamara of the City of Fitchburg Police Department indicated that the Department was conducting heavy enforcement within the marked 20 MPH school zone, adjacent to the Elementary School, during the period in which the ATRs were across the roadway. Therefore the speed data collected as part of the ATR may be artificially low as compared to typical free-flow speeds. Page 6

9 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. General Crash History The intersection of / Electric Avenue / Old is designated as HSIP-eligible by the Montachusett Regional Planning Commission (MRPC). Collision data for this intersection was provided by the City of Fitchburg Police Department for the period of January 2010 to September 2014 and supplemented by MassDOT. The data shows a total of 39 reported collisions (8.36 per year) in the area of the intersection during the approximately four-and-a-half years of complete collision data. The crash rate for this intersection is calculated at 0.89 crashes per million entering vehicles (MEV) which is higher than the statewide average for signalized intersections (0.80 crashes per MEV); and is comparable to the District 3 average (0.89 crashes per MEV) for signalized intersections. There were eighteen (18) rear-end collisions (46% of all crashes) at the intersection over the study period. Of the rear-end collisions, two-thirds (12 of 18) occurred along the northbound approach. There were thirteen (13) angled collisions (33% of all crashes) at the intersection over the study period. Nearly fifty percent (6 of 13) of these angled collisions occurred as a vehicle attempted to cross the intersection from Old onto Electric Avenue but collided with a vehicle operating on the northbound or southbound through movements. In all six (6) of those angled collisions, the operator on failed to stop at a red traffic signal. None of the crashes at the / Electric Avenue / Old intersection involved a pedestrian or a cyclist. This is likely due to a lack of pedestrian and cyclist activity as a result of a lack of pedestrian and bicycle accommodations along the intersection approaches. One-quarter of the collisions (10 of 39) occurred during the three-hour time period of 3 PM to 6 PM. This time period corresponds with the heaviest portion of the evening commuter period where vehicles commonly encounter stop-and-go conditions due to increased traffic volumes. Thirty-three percent (6 of 18) of the intersection s rear-end collisions occurred during this three-hour time period (3 PM to 6 PM), indicating that traffic congestion during the evening commuter period may be a contributing factor to rear-end collisions at the intersection. Eight (8) crashes occurred during the month of August, of which three (3) occurred near the end of the month. It was noted during the Audit by the City of Fitchburg Police Department and several other participants that this may be directly related to the start of the school year which starts near the end of August. Page 7

10 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Audit Observations and Potential Safety Enhancements Subsequent to the RSA site walk, an audit meeting was held at the MART offices on the Leominster / Fitchburg City Line. This meeting included brief introductions, an overview of the Safe Routes to School Infrastructure project and RSA process, and an overview of safety characteristics of the intersection of the / Electric Avenue / Old. Each participant was advised to offer their concerns and comments related to safety issues at the study area intersection. Based on these field observations and discussions, the RSA team determined that the intersection of / Electric Avenue / Old has several general concerns that may negatively impact safety. The following sections describe the safety issues identified during the RSA. Several of these require further evaluation and design work to develop appropriate safety enhancements. More specific safety challenges located at the audit area intersection are also included. Summary of Safety Concerns The RSA team noted several safety concerns at the / Electric Avenue / Old intersection. Based on these field observations and discussions, the RSA team determined that the intersection had the following issues which most negatively impacted safety: Traffic Congestion and Long Vehicle Queues Alignment Pavement Markings Intersection Signage Pavement Conditions Vegetation Overgrowth / Sight Lines Traffic Signal Equipment Traffic Signal Phasing Pedestrian and Bicycle Accommodations Red-Light Running Roadway Drainage / Roadway Debris Lateral Offset of Utility Poles Roadway Lighting MassDOT Speed Regulations The following provides a detailed summary of the identified safety concerns and potential safety enhancements at the intersection: Safety Issue #1: Traffic Congestion and Long Vehicle Queues Traffic volumes at the intersection of / Electric Avenue / Old generally increase during the weekday peak periods as a result of the commuter nature of the corridors. These additional traffic volumes combined with the heavy vegetation, pavement markings painted annually which tend to Page 8

11 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. fade, inadequate signal timings/phasing, and other safety deficiencies, such as lack of available vehicle queue storage, result in increased traffic congestion along the and Electric Avenue corridors. As previously stated, eighteen (18) of the collisions at the intersection were rear-end collisions, which may be a result of long queues and stop-and-go conditions throughout the day. One-third (13 of 39) of the collisions occurred between 6 AM and 9 AM or between 3 PM and 6 PM when volumes and queues at their peak. Of the fifteen (15) collision at the intersection that were angle or head-on collisions, three (3) occurred during the weekday morning and evening peak periods. These collisions indicate that driver frustration caused by heavy traffic congestion may result in drivers running the red light or taking unsafe gaps to make left-turns. Specific Observations: Vehicular Detection Although loop detectors are present in the roadway and loop detector amplifiers are present within the traffic signal controller cabinet, all of the vehicular loop detectors are inactive. Many of the amplifiers appear to lack wire connection within the cabinet. As a result, the intersection is operating as a pre-timed intersection with MAX recall programmed into each phase. This pre-timed operation results in excessive queues and poor level of service during the commuter peak periods, which in-turn may be a contributing factor in cut-through traffic along Old, red-light running, and other unsafe intersection maneuvers. Northbound Approach It was noted during the Audit that queues along the northbound approach provide a significant concern, especially during the weekday evening commuter peak period. Several Audit participants noted that it is not uncommon for vehicles to stack into two lines of storage (a left-turn stacking line and a through/right-turn stacking line) from Electric Avenue back to the Pride Service Station (approximately 800 feet south of the intersection). The existing left-turn lane on this approach, when striping is visible, extends only 150 feet from the intersection. There is also poor development of the left-turn lane. Currently, vehicles may accidentally end up in the left-turn only lane and are forced to merge back to the right. The queueing and congestion along this approach was noted as a result of traffic volume, lack of sight lines due to the vegetation along the easterly edge of, poor traffic signal timing/phasing, a lack of adequate pavement markings during portions of the year (pavement markings painted annually which tend to fade), and insufficient queue storage. Further descriptions of these deficiencies are provided in this section. The crash data indicated that there were twelve (12) rear-end crashes along the northbound approach during the study period. Electric Avenue Eastbound Approach The City of Fitchburg Police Department noted that the permitted Right-Turn on Red (RTOR) condition along the Electric Avenue eastbound approach currently provides a safety concern. The traffic volumes turning right from Electric Avenue are high, especially during the Page 9

12 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. weekday morning peak period. It was noted that many vehicles turn right on red without stopping on the red traffic signal indication and without looking at oncoming traffic from the southbound approach. The crash data indicates that one (1) collision during the study period involved a vehicle turning right on red from Electric Avenue. Old Cut-Through Traffic As a result of the excessive queues along the northbound approach, several Audit participants noted that vehicles will exit onto Old South Street approximately 800 feet in advance of the intersection, traverse Old, and utilize the Old westbound through movement at the signalized intersection to enter Electric Avenue, thus avoiding the signalized northbound left-turn movement and queue. This cut-through traffic further elevates the otherwise lower traffic volumes and local road functional classification along Old South Street. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Reestablish actuated vehicle detection along all four approaches of the signalized intersection in order to reduce the amount of green time on the side-street approaches when not being used. 2. Extend the queue storage along the northbound approach to provide for the anticipated 95 th percentile queue storage (in conjunction with additional traffic signal infrastructure, timing, and phasing upgrades). 3. Introduce a gore area at the start of the northbound left-turn lane to provide improved definition of lane configuration along the approach. 4. Provide a right-turn overlap signal phase and necessary infrastructure for the Electric Avenue eastbound approach. 5. Consider the prohibition of Right-Turn on Red movements from Electric Avenue eastbound. Safety Issue #2: Alignment Specific Observations: The northbound approach consists of an exclusive left-turn lane and a shared through/rightturn lane. The southbound approach consists of a shared left-turn/through lane and an exclusive right-turn lane. As a result of the unbalanced opposing lane configuration, the southbound through movement is slightly offset across each side of the intersection. Therefore vehicles travelling southbound along do not have a direct path to access the opposing receiving lane. Although no crashes specifically indicated the alignment as a cause of crashes, the positioning of vehicles entering the intersection as part of this offset alignment may be a contributing factor in many of the angled and head-on collisions involving southbound vehicles and northbound leftturns. Page 10

13 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Consider realigning pavement markings within the existing curb lines (or minor curb line modifications) and striping pavement marking extensions within the intersection to provide a consistent path of travel and vehicle tracking along southbound through the intersection. 2. Consider changing the current lane configuration along the southbound approach in order to provide an exclusive left-turn lane as opposed to the current exclusive right-turn lane. The change in lane usage will correct the existing alignment between each side of the intersection. Safety Issue #3: Pavement Markings Specific Observations: Upon request from the City of Fitchburg Police Department, the City recently restriped lane and edge lines in the vicinity of the study intersection during the month of September Prior to this, TEC had noted a lack of or faded pavement markings on all four intersection approaches during several site visits. Although general commuter traffic familiar with the approaches were observed forming multiple traffic lanes on the four approaches without the lane lines visible, many vehicles were seen crossing over faded lane lines and utilizing each approach as a one-lane approach. The City indicated that the pavement markings that were currently restriped are alkyd paint modified with chlorinated rubber for center striping. Prior to 2015, the City used a water based paint which is still utilized for crosswalks, stop lines, and arrows. The City Department of Public Works indicated that these markings typically last for approximately one year. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Restripe the intersection of / Electric Avenue / Old with thermoplastic or recessed polyurea pavement markings in order to provide longer lasting lane definition. 2. Continue annual maintenance of pavement markings at and in the vicinity of the intersection. Consider shortening the interval of pavement marking maintenance at and in the vicinity of the intersection. Page 11

14 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Safety Issue #4: Intersection Signage Specific Observations: Faded Signage Several traffic signs at and around the intersection are faded. The most notable example is the Left-Turn Yield on Green Ball (R10-12) sign fixed to the mast arm along the northbound approach. The crash data indicated that three (3) collisions occurred involving a northbound vehicle attempting to turn left and not yielding the right-of-way. Although it was noted that sign clutter is not a general concern at the intersection, the illegibility of the signs that are present may cause users to misinterpret or miss traffic-related messages. Lack of Appropriate Signage As previously noted, sight lines approaching the signal from northbound are currently limited based on the horizontal curvature of the roadway and the excessive vegetation along the eastern edge of pavement. Despite the restricted sight lines, no Signal Ahead (W3-3) signs are posted on any of the intersection approaches. Blocked Signage by Vegetation Several signs at and around the intersection were noted as not clearly visible due to vegetation. This includes a Left Lane Must Turn Left (R3-7L) sign along the northbound approach and a 25 MPH Speed Limit (R2-1) sign along the Electric Avenue eastbound approach. Note that the speed limit sign does not comply with the current MassDOT Speed Regulation. Street Name Signage Street sign plaques at the intersection are undersized, are located on damaged posts, and are positioned far off the edge of curb. This has the potential to cause confusion for roadway users unfamiliar with the roadway. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Replace all existing signs in the vicinity of the intersection that are currently faded or damaged with new MUTCD-compliant signs. Provide retro-reflective signs where necessary. 2. Consider installing Traffic Signal Ahead (W3-3) warning signage on each approach to the traffic signal. 3. Consider installing an electronic Traffic Signal Ahead warning assembly connected to the traffic signal to provide advance notification of upcoming RED signal indications. 4. Consider installing lane configuration signage (R3-8 Series) on each intersection approach. 5. Trim vegetation, where necessary, adjacent to the roadway edge to provide clear sight lines to existing signage. Further information regarding vegetation clearing is provided in this section. Page 12

15 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. 6. Install new street name signage on all intersection approaches to provide guidance for unfamiliar roadway users. Placement of street name signs on mast arms or mast arm poles should be evaluated to provide maximum visibility. Safety Issue #5: Pavement Conditions Specific Observations: The pavement on Old east of the intersection appeared in poor condition during the site visit. The observations showed locations of heaving and rutting along the edge of the roadway near the curb lines, excessive cracking near drainage structures, and scattered pot-holes which have been repeatedly filled-in. In addition, pavement conditions along the easterly edge of immediately south of the intersection are poor due to the location of the existing low point where excessive drainage seems to have affected the previous curb line. Poor pavement conditions, such as rutting, may contribute to rearend collisions, especially during wet weather. The City noted that pot-hole maintenance has been a priority and that the overall pavement condition at the intersection is in fair condition with exception to Old and the southeast corner of the intersection. Nearly 21% (8 of 39) crashes at the intersection occurred during periods where the pavement was wet, of which five (5) where rear-end crashes. A representative of the Fitchburg Fire Department noted that snow and ice removal in the vicinity of the intersection posed a challenge for City snow removal personnel. With vegetation and no shoulder available along the northbound approach, the City requires additional loading vehicles to remove the snow off-site. As additional time is needed for this specialized snow removal, the potential for temporary lane loss to do snow or snow removal operations posed a challenge for drivers. In addition, the lack of a complete sidewalk network and unclear sidewalks forces pedestrians to use the roadway. Four (4) crashes occurred at the intersection during conditions where either snow or ice covered the pavement. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Consider a mill and overlay of, Electric Avenue, and Old in the vicinity of the intersection. 2. Consider isolated repair of poor pavement areas, such as areas of rutting and ponding. 3. Consider full depth reconstruction of Old for its entire length. 4. Trim the vegetation along the east side of, south of the intersection within the City Right-of-Way and/or increase the shoulder width along the northbound approach to provide for additional snow storage. Page 13

16 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Safety Issue #6: Vegetation Overgrowth / Sight Lines Specific Observations: As previously stated, vegetation along the eastern edge of south of the intersection was observed as overgrown and restricting sight lines to the signalized intersection along the northbound approach. As the northbound approach is located on both a vertical and horizontal curve prior to the intersection, drivers are unable to see the color of the traffic signal or the lengths of the vehicle queues until they are close to the intersection. In addition to blocking sight lines along the northbound approach, the current level of vegetation requires a No Turn on Red restriction along the Old westbound approach at the signalized intersection. Vegetation overgrowth was also noted along the south side of Electric Avenue approaching the intersection. Currently, a speed limit sign is blocked by the overgrown vegetation. Vegetation along was also noted to block sight lines for vehicles exiting Ellis Street, immediately north of the intersection, and to the existing school zone flasher along southbound, immediately north of Ellis Street. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Trim the vegetation along the east side of, south of the intersection, and the south side of Electric Avenue, west of the intersection, within the City Right-of-Way. 2. Contact and work with abutting property owners to provide additional trimming on private property where necessary. Safety Issue #7: Traffic Signal Infrastructure The City of Fitchburg Department of Public Works (DPW) took over jurisdiction of the intersection from the City of Fitchburg Building Department on July 1, At that time, the DPW inventoried the traffic signal infrastructure and ancillary equipment. This inventory, as well as an independent inventory by TEC conducted in September 2015, showed several deficiencies with the traffic signal. The Inventory Record compiled by DPW is included in Appendix D. Specific Observations: Vehicular Traffic Signal Housings All signal housings at the intersection lack back plates as per current MassDOT standards, and multiple signal indications are missing tunnel visors. In Page 14

17 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. addition, only two of the intersection approaches have two signal housings overhead. It was noted at the Audit meeting that several of the signal housings are not located over the approach lane and are difficult to view based on the current curvature of the approaches. Vehicular Detection Although loop detectors are present in the roadway and loop detector amplifiers are present within the controller cabinet, all of the vehicular loop detectors are inactive. Many of the amplifiers appear to lack wire connection within the cabinet. As a result, the intersection is operating as a pre-timed intersection with MAX recall programmed into each phase. This pre-timed operation results in excessive queues and poor level of service during the commuter peak periods, which in-turn results in cut-through traffic along Old, red-light running, and other unsafe intersection maneuvers. Pedestrian Signal Equipment / Phasing Pedestrian traffic signal infrastructure and phasing is not provided at this signalized intersection. Lack of Emergency Vehicle Preemption - It was noted by both the City of Fitchburg Police and Fire Departments that the lack of emergency vehicle preemption at the existing signalized intersection has posed a concern in the past as heavy congestion during the commuter peak periods forces emergency vehicles into opposing travel lanes. It was noted that the City emergency vehicles are compatible with emergency vehicle preemption. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Replace all traffic signal housings at the intersection with new L.E.D. signal indications, retro-reflective back plates, and visors. 2. Relocate existing traffic signal housings over the center of their respective lanes. Add additional traffic signal housings as necessary to provide signal housings over the center of each lane at the intersection. 3. Reestablish actuated vehicle detection along all four approaches of the signalized intersection in order to reduce the amount of green time on the side-street approaches when not needed. The City has stated a preference for future City uses of single point camera detection systems. 4. Provide pedestrian traffic signal infrastructure at the signalized intersection including countdown pedestrian signal housings and accessible pedestrian push buttons. Reprogram the signal phasing to provide an exclusive pedestrian phase with an appropriate pedestrian clearance interval. It should be evaluated what effect this will have on the afternoon peak hour, particularly when school is released and the traffic is beginning to queue. 5. Consider installation of an emergency vehicle preemption system at the signalized intersection. Page 15

18 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Safety Issue #8: Traffic Signal Phasing Specific Observations: The northbound approach operates with a lagging protected left-turn phase. It was noted during the Audit meeting that this is not the same signal phasing structure as the adjacent signalized intersection to the south along, where the protected left-turn phases are in advance (leading) of the adjacent through movement. In addition, it is generally typical for protected left-turn phases to occur as a leading phase. As a result, vehicles that are unfamiliar with the phasing structure at the intersection may attempt to turn left from the northbound approach with shorter gaps in traffic assuming no left-turn protective phase is available. Drivers were also unaware that they would have a protected left-turn after the through phase and so would jump the left-turn in order to make it through before the opposing through traffic. Along the southbound approach, an Audit participant noted that severe queuing can occur during the weekday evening peak period within the shared left-turn/through lane as a single left-turning vehicle attempts to turn left, preventing through vehicles from proceeding through the intersection. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Consider modifying the northbound left-turn phase to a leading phase to provide consistency between signalized intersections along the corridor. 2. Consider changing the current lane configuration along the southbound approach in order to provide an exclusive left-turn lane as opposed to the current exclusive right-turn lane. Turn-lane warrants should be conducted to show that a left-turn lane is warranted. 3. Consider providing a protected left-turn traffic signal phase for the southbound approach. Safety Issue #9: Pedestrian and Bicycle Accommodations Specific Observations: Pedestrian Accommodations Pedestrian and sidewalk accommodations and usage are limited at the intersection of / Electric Avenue / Old. A sidewalk is present along the westerly side of south of the intersection but terminates at the intersection. Although a sidewalk connects the northerly side of Old and the easterly side of, the sidewalk is setback on the far side of the park area on the northeast corner of the intersection. This set-back sidewalk follows the former curb line of Old before the Old approach was reconfigured to opposed Electric Avenue. A sidewalk is present along the northerly side of Electric Avenue; however it terminates 200 feet prior to. Accessible curb ramps and crosswalks are not present at the intersection. In addition, pedestrian traffic signal equipment and phasing are not provided as part of the signalized intersection. It was noted in the Audit that children and pedestrians tend to avoid crossing at this signalized intersection and generally cut-through the neighborhood (Milk Street to Ellis Street) in Page 16

19 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. order to walk. It was also noted that on Wednesdays, the school has a walking school bus that is forced to walk along the grass shoulder up to the school's crosswalk due to the lack of a sidewalk adjacent to. Bicycle Accommodations Bicycle accommodations are not present at the intersection. Although the shoulders along north of the intersection are 4-5 feet wide, dedicated bicycle lanes, bicycle related signage, and bicycle related pavement markings are not provided in the vicinity of the intersection. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Construct new and reconstruct existing sidewalks along the approaches and at the corners of the intersection. 2. Construct new ADA/AAB compliant accessible curb ramps along each corner of the intersection. Stripe new crosswalks at the intersection. 3. Consider the construction of dedicated bicycle lanes along and Electric Avenue on the approaches to the intersection. Consider connecting bicycle lanes along Electric Avenue to the Coggshall Park entrance to the west. 4. Consider painting any dedicated bike lanes in this area green given the proximity to the adjacent school zone and the need to provide traffic calming measures. 5. Consider the installation of shared-use lane markings sharrows with accompanying Share the Road (W16-1) signage along and Electric Avenue on the approaches to the intersection. 6. Conduct educational events or distribute pamphlets at the Elementary School and other surrounding schools to help promote walking and bicycling to school. Use these events and pamphlets to discuss safe walking and biking habits associated with both the existing and any new pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure at the intersection. Safety Issue #10: Red Light Running Specific Observations: Approximately one-quarter (9 of 39) of the collisions that occurred at this intersection during the study period include a vehicle running a red light. It was noted during the audit meeting that red-light running is a consistent issue at the intersection and is generally the result of driver frustration with congestion during peak periods. The City of Fitchburg Police Department representative noted the difficulty of enforcing red-light running and other such roadway violations at the intersection as there is no safe location to pull-over vehicles and no safe location for a police cruiser to observe the intersection. Enforcement in the area is primarily north of the intersection within the Elementary School 20 MPH Speed Zone. Page 17

20 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Recalculate traffic signal clearance intervals based on standard guidelines for travel speed, grade, and intersection width. 2. Increase enforcement of red light running at and in the vicinity of the intersection. 3. Consider the installation of a concrete pad near the intersection for use by City of Fitchburg police to assist in the enforcement of intersection moving violations. Safety Issue #11: Roadway Drainage and Debris Specific Observations: Many of the stormwater drainage structures located in the vicinity of the intersection are blocked significantly by or filled with debris and sediment build-up. Obstructed drainage structures can cause severe water ponding and minor flooding on roadway segments with raised curbing and level or deflated roadway surfaces. Substantial ponding occurs on the southeast corner of the intersection where roadway rutting, limited shoulder width, and the lack of catch basin intake capacity forces water to build up on the northbound approach and on the southerly side of Old near the curb lines. It was also noted that due to the lack of shoulder and excessive stormwater from the south approach, water tends to flow in the travel lane and pond on the south east corner. This causes many vehicles to travel in the left-turn lane to avoid the ponding. With excessive vehicle speeds observed during off-peak hours along the and Electric Avenue corridor, this ponding may become a substantial safety concern. The crash data indicated that 21 percent of collisions during the study period involved wet surface roadway. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Clear roadway debris and street sweep along the gutter lines of, Electric Avenue, and Old to improve both drainage and aesthetics at the intersection. 2. Clear debris and sand from the intakes to the catch basins around the intersection. 3. Adjust the elevation and cross-slope of the, Electric Avenue, and Old South Street approaches to allow for improved drainage to the existing stormwater infrastructure. Page 18

21 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. 4. Consider the installation of an additional catch basin on the southeast corner of the intersection to allow for improved stormwater drainage at the existing low point. Safety Issue #12: Lateral Offset of Utility Poles Specific Observations: Utility poles along the easterly edge of north of the intersection are immediately against the existing back of curb. This proximity to the curb line provides no clear zone and does not meet MassDOT standards for lateral offset of fixed structures. Although no collisions indicated the placement of this utility pole as a contributing factor, the current placement poses potential future safety risks. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Consider the relocation of utility poles and adjustment of overhead wires to allow for a minimum 18-inch lateral offset from the face of curb. Safety Issue #13: Roadway Lighting Specific Observations: Although the intersection does provide lighting, several Audit participants noted that the roadway lighting adjacent to the intersection may be insufficient. To the west, the nearest overhead light is located three utility poles away from the intersection. Along, an overhead light is provided on a utility pole immediately south of the intersection; however it is partially blocked by the overgrown vegetation. Audit participants also noted that the adjacent buildings and homes do not provide any significant ambient light. Ten (10) collisions at the intersection during the study period occurred with lighting conditions noted as Dark Lighted Roadway. These collisions did not specifically state whether lighting conditions was a contributing factor in the crash. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Consider additional roadway lighting near the signalized intersection or clearing vegetation along to enhance the existing lighting at the intersection. Safety Issue #14: Speed and Speed Regulations Specific Observations: There are currently speed regulations established by MassDOT for both and Electric Avenue in the vicinity of the intersection. It was noted during the Audit that the current speed regulations may be out-of-date as compared to the existing traffic patterns and existing traffic characteristics. The City of Page 19

22 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Fitchburg Police Department indicated that speed checks, by radar gun, typically show travel speeds along in excess of the posted speed limit, especially within the signed 20 MPH school zone. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Consider conducting a speed zoning study along both and Electric Avenue to establish new MassDOT approved speed regulations for the two corridors. 2. Consider reducing the travel lane widths along and Electric Avenue to encourage slower speeds along the corridor. 3. Consider replacing the existing school zone flashing assemblies with new assemblies that include radar speed signs and operate on solar power. The City indicated that similar assemblies around the City of Fitchburg have lowered speeds on their respective corridors. 4. Increase enforcement of speeding at and in the vicinity of the intersection. Elementary School Safety Concerns Many issues discussed during the Road Safety Audit meeting were directly related to access to/from the Elementary School which is located immediately north of the intersection of / Electric Avenue / Old. Although not specifically described above, items related to the South Street Elementary School safety issues have been separated out in the following observations and potential safety enhancement section. Safety Issue #15: Ellis Street Sight Lines Specific Observations: Sight Lines for vehicles exiting Ellis Street onto are currently limited due to heavy shrubbery on the southwest corner of the intersection. Vehicles exiting Ellis Street were observed inching-out into the southbound travel line to view oncoming traffic along northbound. Intersection sight distance (ISD) looking south from Ellis Street was measured at 125 feet which is significantly lower than the minimum American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) recommendation for the posted travel speed. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Contact and work with abutting property owners to provide additional trimming on private property where necessary. Page 20

23 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Safety Issue #16: Ellis Street and Fairbanks Street On-Street Parking Specific Observations: Several Audit participants, including the City of Fitchburg Police Department and representatives of the Elementary School, noted that vehicles tend to park up on the curb and sidewalk along both sides of Ellis Street and Fairbanks Street. This action is done primarily by parents during pick-up and drop-off periods for students and by residents of both Ellis Street and Fairbank Streets. One instance was noted that a City fire apparatus attempted to turn onto Ellis Street during an emergency response incident and nearly collided with a pedestrian within the roadway who could not access the sidewalk due to the parked vehicles. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Restripe pavement markings (centerline and edge lines) and reinstall vertical granite curbing along Ellis Street and Fairbanks Street, near, to further discourage on-street parking up onto the sidewalk. 2. The City should work with school officials to develop a drop-off plan that would address parking along the sidewalk. 3. The school should consider informing parents as to the issues with parking on the Ellis Street sidewalks to reduce the potential street blockage. Safety Issue #17: Blocked School Zone Flasher Specific Observations: The existing School Zone flasher along southbound north of Ellis Street (1,100 feet north of intersection) and entering the Elementary School Speed Zone is currently on the far end of a horizontal curve and is partially blocked by overhead vegetation. As vehicles drive around the curve, the speed zone flasher is not clearly visible to the approaching traffic. Potential Safety Enhancements: 1. Consider relocating the existing school zone flasher north of Ellis Street (within Massachusetts standards for school zone flashers placement from school property) to provide improved sight lines. Page 21

24 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Summary of Road Safety Audit Each improvement considered has been categorized as short-term, midterm, or long-term based. Additionally, a cost category has been assigned to each improvement based on the definitions shown in Table 3. Tables 4 and 5 include a summary of the several potential safety enhancements. Safety payoff estimates are subjective and may be based on the relative percent of crashes that may be reduced by the enhancement based on known and documented crash reduction factors, if available or estimated crash reduction based on a stated source. Table 3: Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown Time Frame Costs Short-Term <1 Year Low <$10,000 Mid-Term 1-3 Years Medium $10,001-$50,000 Long-Term >3 Years High >$50,000 Page 22

25 Page 23 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Table 4: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Agency Reestablish actuated vehicle detection along all four approaches of the signalized intersection. Medium Short-Term Medium City of Fitchburg Traffic Congestion and Long Vehicle Queues Alignment Extend the queue storage along South Street northbound approach to provide for anticipated 95 th percentile queue. Introduce a gore area at the start of the northbound left-turn lane to provide improved definition of lane configuration. Provide right-turn overlap signal phase for the Electric Avenue eastbound approach. Consider prohibition of right-turn on red movement from Electric Avenue eastbound approach. Consider realigning pavement markings within existing curb lines (or minor curb line modifications) and striping pavement marking extensions within the intersection to provide consistent path of travel and vehicle tracking along southbound. Consider changing lane configuration along southbound to include an exclusive left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane to eliminate offset. High Long-Term High City of Fitchburg Low Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg

26 Page 24 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Table 4 Continued: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Agency Pavement Markings Restripe the intersection of South Street / Electric Avenue / Old South Street with thermoplastic or recessed polyurea pavement markings in order to provide longer lasting lane definition. Continue annual maintenance of pavement markings at and in the vicinity of the intersection. Consider shortening the interval of pavement marking maintenance at and in the vicinity of the intersection. High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Low / Medium City of Fitchburg Intersection Signage Replace all existing signs in the vicinity of the intersection that are currently faded or damaged with new MUTCD-compliant signs. Provide retro-reflective signs where necessary. Consider installing Traffic Signal Ahead (W3-3) warning signage on each approach to the traffic signal. Consider installing an electronic Traffic Signal Ahead warning assembly connected to the traffic signal to provide advance notification of upcoming RED signal indications. Consider installing lane configuration signage (R3-8 Series) on each intersection approach. Trim vegetation, where necessary, adjacent to the roadway edge to provide clear sight lines to existing signage. Further information regarding vegetation clearing is provided in this section. High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Medium City of Fitchburg Low Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg

27 Page 25 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Table 4 Continued: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Agency Intersection Signage (continued) Install new street name signage on all intersection approaches to provide guidance for unfamiliar roadway users. Placement of street signage on mast arms or mast arm poles should be evaluated to provide maximum visibility. Low Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Pavement Conditions Vegetation Overgrowth / Sight Lines Consider a mill and overlay of South Street, Electric Avenue, and Old South Street in the vicinity of the intersection. Consider isolated repair of poor pavement areas, such as rutting and ponding. Consider full depth reconstruction of Old for its entire length. Trim the vegetation along the east side of, south of the intersection. Increase the shoulder width along northbound approach to provide for additional snow storage. Trim the vegetation along the east side of, south of the intersection, and the south side of Electric Avenue, west of the intersection, within the City Right-of- Way. Contact and work with abutting property owners to provide additional trimming on private property where necessary. Medium Mid-Term Medium City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Medium City of Fitchburg Medium Long-Term High City of Fitchburg High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Medium Mid-Term Medium City of Fitchburg High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg / Property Owners

28 Page 26 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Table 4 Continued: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Agency Replace all traffic signal housings at the intersection with new L.E.D. signal indications, retro-reflective back plates, and visors. Medium Short-Term Medium City of Fitchburg Traffic Signal Infrastructure Traffic Signal Phasing Relocate existing traffic signal housings over the center of their respective lanes. Add additional traffic signal housings as necessary to provide signal housings over the center of each lane at the intersection. Reestablish actuated vehicle detection along all four approaches of the signalized intersection. Provide pedestrian traffic signal infrastructure at the signalized intersection including countdown pedestrian signal housings and accessible pedestrian push buttons. Reprogram the signal phasing to provide an exclusive pedestrian phase with an appropriate pedestrian clearance interval. Consider installation of an emergency vehicle preemption system at the signalized intersection. Consider modifying the northbound left-turn phase to a leading phase to provide consistency between signalized intersections along the corridor. Medium Short-Term Medium City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Medium City of Fitchburg High Mid-Term Medium City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Medium City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg

29 Page 27 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Table 4 Continued: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Agency Traffic Signal Phasing Consider changing lane configuration along southbound to include an exclusive left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane to reduce left-turn blockage of through movements on permissive phasing. Medium Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Pedestrian and Bicycle Accommodations Consider providing a protected left-turn traffic signal phase for the southbound approach. Construct new and reconstruct existing sidewalks along the approaches and at the corners of the intersection. Construct new ADA/AAB compliant accessible curb ramps along each corner of the intersection. Stripe new crosswalks at the intersection. Consider the construction of dedicated bicycle lanes along and Electric Avenue on the approaches to the intersection. Consider painting any dedicated bike lanes in the area with green paint to provide visibility. Consider the installation of shared-use lane markings sharrows with accompanying Share the Road (W16-1) signage along and Electric Avenue on the approaches to the intersection. Medium Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg High Mid-Term High City of Fitchburg Medium Mid-Term Medium City of Fitchburg High Mid-Term High City of Fitchburg Medium Mid-Term Low City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Medium City of Fitchburg

30 Page 28 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Table 4 Continued: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Agency Pedestrian and Bicycle Accommodations (continued) Conduct educational events or distribute pamphlets at the South Street Elementary School and other surrounding schools to help promote walking and bicycling to school. Use these events and pamphlets to discuss safe walking and biking habits associated with both the existing and any new pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure at the intersection. Medium Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg / Fitchburg Public Schools Recalculate traffic signal clearance intervals based on standard guidelines for travel speed, grade, and intersection width. High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Red Light Running Increase enforcement of red light running at and in the vicinity of the intersection. High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Police Department Roadway Drainage and Debris Consider the installation of a concrete pad near the intersection for use by City of Fitchburg police to assist in the enforcement of intersection moving violations. Clear roadway debris and street sweep along the gutter lines of South Street, Electric Avenue, and Old South Street to improve both drainage and aesthetics at the intersection. Clear debris and sand from the intakes to the catch basins around the intersection. Medium Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg

31 Page 29 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Table 4 Continued: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Agency Roadway Drainage and Debris (continued) Adjust the elevation and cross-slope of the, Electric Avenue, and Old approaches (in conjunction with a mill and overlay) to allow for improved drainage to the existing stormwater infrastructure. Consider the installation of an additional catch basin on the southeast corner of the intersection to allow for improved stormwater drainage at the existing low point. High Long-Term High City of Fitchburg High Mid-Term Medium City of Fitchburg Lateral Offset of Utility Poles Roadway Lighting Speed & Speed Regulations Consider the relocation of utility poles and adjustment of overhead wires to allow for a minimum 18-inch lateral offset from the face of curb. Consider additional roadway lighting near the signalized intersection or clearing vegetation along to enhance the existing lighting at the intersection. Consider conducting a speed zoning study along both and Electric Avenue to establish new MassDOT approved speed regulations for the two corridors. Consider reducing the travel lane widths along and Electric Avenue to encourage slower speeds along the corridor. Consider replacing the existing school zone flashing assemblies with new assemblies that include radar speed signs. Medium Mid-Term High City of Fitchburg High Mid-Term Medium City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Low MassDOT Low Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Medium Short-Term Medium City of Fitchburg

32 Page 30 Road Safety Audit - / Electric Avenue / Old Prepared by TEC, Inc. Table 4 Continued: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Agency Speed & Speed Regulations (continued) Increase enforcement of speeding at and in the vicinity of the intersection. High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg Police Department Table 5: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary School Concerns Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Agency Ellis Street Sight Lines Contact and work with abutting property owners to provide additional trimming on private property where necessary. High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg / Property Owners Restripe pavement markings (centerline and edge lines) and reinstall vertical granite curbing along Ellis Street and Fairbanks Street, near, to further discourage onstreet parking up onto the sidewalk. Medium Short-Term Medium City of Fitchburg Ellis Street & Fairbanks Street On-Street Parking The City should work with school officials to develop a drop-off plan that would address parking along the Ellis Street sidewalks. High Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg / South Street Elementary School The school should consider informing parents as to the issues with parking on the Ellis Street sidewalks to reduce the potential street blockage. Medium Short-Term Low City of Fitchburg / South Street Elementary School Blocked School Zone Flasher Consider relocating the existing school zone flasher north of Ellis Street (within Massachusetts standards for school zone flasher placement from school property) to provide improved sight lines. Medium Short-Term Medium City of Fitchburg

33 Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda

34 Road Safety Audit LOCATION Initial Meeting Location: Intersection Electric Street Fitchburg, Massachusetts Monday October 5, :45 AM 9:45 AM After Field Visit Meeting: Montachusett Regional Transit Authority (MART) - Conf Room 840 North Main Street Fitchburg, Massachusetts 9:45 AM 11:15 AM Type of meeting: Attendees: Please bring: High Crash Location / Safe Routes to School Road Safety Audit Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team Thoughts and Enthusiasm!! 8:45 AM Welcome and Introductions Meet Electric Avenue Intersection 9:00 AM Visit the Site Conducted Field Visit during School Arrival Period As a group, identify areas for improvement 9:45 AM Review of Site Specific Material Meet at MART Office Conference Room (840 North Main Street) Crash and Speed Summaries provided in advance Existing Geometries and Conditions 10:30 AM Post Visit Discussion / Completion of RSA Discuss observations and finalize findings Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations 11:15 AM Adjourn for the Day but the RSA has not ended Instructions for Participants: Before attending the RSA on October 5, participants are encouraged to drive through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List with a focus on safety. All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the synergy that develops and respect for others opinions are key elements to the success of the overall RSA process. After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the multidisciplinary team.

35

36 Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List

37 Participating Audit Team Members Date: October 5, 2015 Location: Fitchburg, Massachusetts Audit Team Members Agency/Affiliation Address Phone Number Name Agency xxx-xxx-xxxx John Thompson Elementary School Principal Joseph Richardson City of Fitchburg Public Schools Building and Maintenance Richard Liberatore City of Fitchburg Fire Department Paul McNamara City of Fitchburg Police Department Traffic Bureau Michael O Hara City of Fitchburg Community Development MOHara@fitchburgma.gov Paula Caron City of Fitchburg Planning Board Paula.Caron@verizon.net Lenny Laakso City of Fitchburg Department of Public Works LLaakso@fitchburgma.gov Amy Green City of Fitchburg City Council Ward 1 voteamygreen@gmail.com Sheri Bean Montachusett Regional Planning Commission (MRPC) sbean@mrpc.org x315 Bonnie Mahoney Montachusett Regional Transit Authority (MART) bonnie.mahoney@mrta.us John Mastera, P.E. MassDOT Boston Traffic Safety Unit john.mastera@state.ma.us William Ullom MassDOT Boston Traffic Safety Unit william.ullom@state.ma.us Lola Campbell MassDOT District 3 Traffic Alolade.campbell@dot.state.ma.us Samuel W. Gregorio TEC, Inc. sgregorio@theengineeringcorp.com Steven J. Malloy TEC, Inc. smallory@theengineeringcorp.com Eric R. Paquette TEC, Inc. epaquette@theengineeringcorp.com

38 Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data

39

40 @ Electric Avenue 39 Crash Data Summary Electric Avenue Fitchburg, Massachusetts 1/1/2010 9/1/2014 Month # % January 5 13% February 3 8% March 3 8% April 2 5% May 3 8% June 2 5% July 3 8% August 8 21% September 2 5% October 0 0% November 3 8% December 5 13% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Day of Week # % Sunday 6 15% Monday 8 21% Tuesday 6 15% Wednesday 3 8% Thursday 6 15% Friday 5 13% Saturday 5 13% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Time of Day # % 6AM 9AM 3 8% 9AM 12PM 5 13% 12PM 3PM 7 18% 3PM 6PM 10 26% 6PM 9PM 6 15% 9PM 6AM 8 21% 30% 20% 10% 0% 6AM 9AM 9AM 12PM 12PM 3PM 3PM 6PM 6PM 9PM 9PM 6AM Manner of Collision # % Single Vehicle 3 8% Rear End 18 46% Angle 13 33% Sideswipe 3 8% Head On 2 5% Ped/Bike 0 0% Unknown / Other 0 0% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Single Vehicle Rear End Angle Sideswipe Head On Ped/Bike Unknown / Other Weather Conditions # % Clear 28 72% Cloudy 4 10% Rain 4 10% Snow 2 5% Sleet 1 3% Unknown / NR 0 0% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Sleet Unknown / NR Road Surface # % Dry 26 67% Wet 8 21% Snow / Ice 4 10% Unknown / NR 1 3% 100% 50% 0% Dry Wet Snow / Ice Unknown / NR Crash Severity # % Property Damage Only 31 79% Non Fatal Injury 8 21% Fatal Injury 0 0% No Damage or Injury 0 0% 100% 50% 0% Property Damage Only Non Fatal Injury Fatal Injury No Damage or Injury Main Contributing Factor from Narrative # % Following Too Closely 10 26% Physical Impairment 2 5% Failure to Yield Right Of Way 3 8% Innattention / Distracted 5 13% Disregarded Traffic Controls 6 15% Excessive Speed 2 5% Swerving / Avoiding 1 3% Erratic / Aggressive Driving 1 3% Cellular Phone Use 1 3% Failure to Keep in Lane / Running Off Road 2 5% Illness 1 3% No Improper Driving 2 5% Other / Unknown 3 8% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% T0233_Fitchburg_ Elementary_Crash Data Summary Table.xlsx Sheet 1 of 1

41 Crash Data Summary Electric Avenue Fitchburg, Massachusetts 1/1/2010 9/1/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Ages D1 D2 D3 1 1/5/2010 Tuesday 6:40 PM Sideswipe Same Direction Dark Lighted Clear Dry Operating vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner Property Damage Only /5/2010 Wednesday 11:47 PM Rear End Dark Lighted Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only /9/2010 Sunday 4:11 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Cell Phone / Inattention Property Damage Only /8/2010 Sunday 9:12 AM Angle Daylight Clear Wet Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Property Damage Only /22/2010 Sunday 5:24 AM Single Vehicle Dark Lighted Clear Dry Physical Impairment Non Fatal Injury 20 N/A 6 9/21/2010 Tuesday 3:03 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Non Fatal Injury /7/2010 Tuesday 2:05 PM Rear End Daylight Clear Dry Other improper action Property Damage Only /27/2011 Thursday 12:53 PM Angle Daylight Clear Snow Failure to keep in proper lane or running off road Property Damage Only /25/2011 Friday 9:11 AM Rear End Daylight Snow Snow No improper driving Property Damage Only T:\T0233\6a Fitchburg\ Elementary\Design\Tech\Road Safety Audit\Crash Data\T0233_Fitchburg_ Elementary_Crash Sheet Data 1 of Summary 4 Table.xlsx Comments MV1 operating SB attempting right turn onto Electric Avenue WB. MV2, also operating SB, attempted to squeeze between MV1 and an unknown vehicle turning left onto Old EB. MV2 sideswiped MV1 in the process and then fled the scene. MV1 & MV2 both operating NB. MV1 was stopped at a red light at the Electric Avenue intersection when it was rear ended by MV2. MV1 operating NB; MV2 operating Old South Street WB. MV2, stopped at a red light at the Electric Avenue intersection, proceeded into the intersection when the light turned green. MV1, distracted by her cell phone, did not notice her light change to red. MV1 proceeded into the intersection and hit MV2 at an angle. MV1 operating Old WB; MV2 operating South Street SB. MV1 was traveling across intersection to Electric Avenue on a green light when it was struck by MV2. MV2 failed to stop at a red light on the SB approach. MV1 operating Electric Avenue EB. MV1 claims brakes failed as he attempted to turn left onto NB. Instead, MV1 rolled over onto Old State Street. MV1 operator was cited with operating under the influence of alcohol. MV1 operating NB; MV2 operating Old South Street WB. MV2 was crossing intersection when it was struck at an angle by MV1 which ran a red light. MV1 & MV2 both operating NB. MV1 was stopped at a red light at the Electric Avenue intersection when it was lightly rear ended by MV2. MV2 was slowing down to stop for the red light. When the light turned green, MV2 rear ended MV1 again before MV1 had a chance to begin moving forward. Officer contacted MV2 operator's nephew to express his concern over MV2 operator's age and ability to operate MVs. MV1 operating NB; MV2 operating Electric Avenue EB. MV1 was waiting to turn left onto Electric Avenue WB at a red light at the intersection when it was struck by MV2. MV2 was turning right onto SB when it lost control. Rear of MV1 struck MV1's driver's side door. MV2 fled the scene but reported incident to police at the police station a few hours later. MV1 & MV2 both operating NB approaching Electric Avenue intersection. MV1 lost control on the snow/ice and slid to the side of the road. MV2 also lost control on the snow/ice and slid, crashing into the rear of MV1. Police noted that the road did not appear to be treated.

42 Crash Data Summary Electric Avenue Fitchburg, Massachusetts 1/1/2010 9/1/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Ages D1 D2 D3 10 6/9/2011 Thursday 7:49 AM Rear End Daylight Cloudy Wet Followed too closely Property Damage Only /9/2011 Thursday 5:06 PM Rear End Daylight Rain Wet Followed too closely Property Damage Only /9/2011 Saturday 12:31 AM Head On Dark Lighted Rain Wet Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Property Damage Only /25/2011 Monday 7:36 PM Rear End Daylight Rain Wet Followed too closely Property Damage Only /27/2011 Wednesday 4:40 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Other improper action Property Damage Only /5/2011 Friday 2:20 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Illness Non Fatal Injury /11/2011 Thursday 6:51 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Property Damage Only /23/2011 Tuesday 6:59 PM Head On Daylight Clear Dry Failed to yield the right of way Property Damage Only /15/2011 Tuesday 8:39 AM Rear End Daylight Clear Dry Followed too closely Non Fatal Injury /18/2011 Sunday 1:30 PM Rear End Daylight Clear Dry Followed too closely Property Damage Only T:\T0233\6a Fitchburg\ Elementary\Design\Tech\Road Safety Audit\Crash Data\T0233_Fitchburg_ Elementary_Crash Sheet Data 2 of Summary 4 Table.xlsx Comments MV1 & MV2 both operating Electric Avenue EB. MV1 was slowing as it approached the intersection to turn left onto NB when it was rear ended by MV2. MV2 was following MV1 too closely. The traffic light at the intersection was not working at time of accident due to a power outage in the area. MV1 & MV2 both operating NB. MV1 was stopped in traffic approaching the Electric Avenue intersection when it was rear ended by MV2. MV2 was unable to stop due to the heavy rain. MV1 operating NB; MV2 operating Electric Avenue EB. MV1 was making a left turn onto Electric Avenue on a green light when it was struck head on by MV2. MV2 was traveling through the intersection and also claims to have had a green light. Unclear which driver is at fault. MV1 & MV2 both operating Electric Avenue EB. MV1 was stopped at the intersection when it was rear ended by MV2. MV2 thought MV1 was pulling into the intersection when collision occurred. MV1 (police cruiser) operating Electric Avenue EB; MV2 operating NB. MV1 was responding to a call with its lights flashing and came to a complete stop and sounded its air horn multiple times before proceeding into the intersection on a red light. MV2 struck MV1 as it proceeded across the intersection on a green light. MV2 claims not to have seen the flashing lights or heard the air horn/siren MV1 operating Old WB; MV2 operating South Street NB. MV1 was crossing intersection to Electric Avenue on a green light when it was struck by MV2. MV2 began applying the brakes as it approached the red signal but operator blacked out, inadvertently running the red light. MV1 operating NB; MV2 operating Old South Street WB. MV2 was stopped at a red light before proceeding into the intersection when the light turned green. MV1 proceeded into the intersection on a red light, striking MV2 at an angle. MV1 operating SB; MV2 operating NB. MV1 struck MV2 as MV2 attempted to turn left onto Electric Avenue WB without yielding the right of way to MV1. MV1 & MV2 both operating NB. MV2 was slowing down for a red light at the Electric Avenue intersection when it was rear ended by MV1. MV1, MV2, MV3 all operating NB. MV1 stopped abruptly at the intersection when the light turned yellow (slight brake marks visible on pavement beneath car). MV2 slammed on its brakes to avoid hitting MV1. MV3 could not stop, rear ending MV2. Impact sent MV2 into the rear of MV1.

43 Crash Data Summary Electric Avenue Fitchburg, Massachusetts 1/1/2010 9/1/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Ages D1 D2 D /26/2011 Monday 11:51 PM Single Vehicle Dark Lighted Clear Exceeded authorized speed limit Non Fatal Injury 18 N/A 21 5/3/2012 Thursday 5:31 PM Rear End Daylight Clear Dry Followed too closely Property Damage Only /26/2012 Wednesday 7:27 PM Angle Dark Lighted Clear Dry Swerving or avoiding due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, nonmotorist in roadway, etc. Property Damage Only /10/2012 Monday 10:25 PM Rear End Dark Lighted Cloudy Wet Inattention Property Damage Only /18/2013 Monday 10:30 PM Angle Dark Lighted Cloudy Dry Failed to yield the right of way Property Damage Only /1/2013 Friday 9:53 AM Rear End Daylight Clear Dry Followed too closely Property Damage Only /9/2013 Saturday 4:54 PM Rear End Daylight Clear Wet Followed too closely Property Damage Only /5/2013 Monday 6:38 PM Rear End Daylight Clear Dry Followed too closely Property Damage Only 28 11/3/2013 Sunday 12:35 AM Sideswipe Opposite Direction Dark Lighted Clear Dry Physical Impairment Property Damage Only /5/2013 Tuesday 12:17 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Distracted Property Damage Only 55 T:\T0233\6a Fitchburg\ Elementary\Design\Tech\Road Safety Audit\Crash Data\T0233_Fitchburg_ Elementary_Crash Sheet Data 3 of Summary 4 Table.xlsx Comments MV1 operating NB approaching the Electric Avenue intersection. MV1 was operating at a high rate of speed (as observed by a patrolling officer), lost control, and crashed through a fence into a tree. Nearby officer helped remove injured drivers and passengers from MV1. MV1 & MV2 both operating NB. MV1 was stopped at the Electric Avenue intersection when it was rearended by MV2. MV2 had been stopped before it rolled into the rear of MV1. MV2 was operating with suspended registration and license. MV1 operating NB; MV2 operating Electric Avenue EB. MV1 was stopped at a red light when it was hit by MV2. MV2 was turning right onto SB when it swerved to avoid hitting an oncoming vehicle turning left from Old WB onto SB. MV1 & MV2 both operating Electric Avenue EB. MV1 was stopped for a red light when it was rear ended by MV2, pushing MV1 into the intersection. MV2 fled the scene. MV1 operating NB; MV2 operating SB. MV2 was struck by MV1 as MV2 attempted to turn left onto Old EB without yielding the right of way to MV1. MV1 & MV2 both operating NB. MV1 & MV2 were both stopped for a red light at the intersection when MV1 accelerated into the rear of MV2. MV1 (bus) & MV2 both operating SB. MV1 stopped for a red light at the intersection when it was rearended by MV2. MV2 then backed up and drove around MV1 through the intersection. A nearby police officer saw the incident & pulled MV2 over on SB near Romano Avenue. MV1 & MV2 both operating SB. MV1 slowed to a stop due to traffic on approach to the Electric Avenue intersection when it was rear ended by MV2. MV2 did not realized MV1 was stopping. MV1 operating Electric Avenue EB; MV2 operating South Street NB. MV1 stopped suddenly as it approached intersection on a green light because it noticed MV2 drive through the intersection erratically on a red light. MV2 spun up over the curb onto Electric Avenue WB and then sideswiped MV1 before fleeing the scene. MV2 suspected of operating under the influence of alcohol. MV1 operating Electric Avenue EB; MV2 operating South Street NB. MV1 was slowing to a stop as it approached a red light when it was struck by MV2. MV2 was turning left onto Electric Avenue WB when papers on his dashboard began sliding off. As he attempted to stop the papers from falling, MV2 cut the corner too tight and clipped MV1 at an angle.

44 Crash Data Summary Electric Avenue Fitchburg, Massachusetts 1/1/2010 9/1/2014 Crash Diagram Reference Crash Date Day of Week Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Conributing Code (by Narritive Description) Crash Severity Ages D1 D2 D /1/2013 Sunday 7:42 AM Single Vehicle Daylight Sleet Ice No improper driving Property Damage Only 51 N/A 31 1/27/2014 Monday 3:03 PM Rear End Daylight Clear Dry Followed too closely Non Fatal Injury /20/2014 Thursday 10:35 AM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Failed to yield the right of way Non Fatal Injury /5/2014 Saturday 12:28 AM Sideswipe Same Direction Dark Lighted Rain Wet Failure to keep in proper lane or running off road Property Damage Only /22/2014 Friday 4:56 PM Rear End Daylight Cloudy Dry Inattention Property Damage Only 35 8/13/2012 Monday 4:45 PM Rear End Daylight Clear Dry Other improper action Property Damage Only /18/2014 Saturday 12:05 PM Rear End Daylight Snow Ice Driving too fast for conditions Non Fatal Injury /24/2014 Friday 10:08 AM Rear End Daylight Clear Dry Inattention Property Damage Only /3/2014 Monday 1:35 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Property Damage Only /5/2014 Saturday 4:18 PM Angle Daylight Clear Dry Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Property Damage Only T:\T0233\6a Fitchburg\ Elementary\Design\Tech\Road Safety Audit\Crash Data\T0233_Fitchburg_ Elementary_Crash Sheet Data 4 of Summary 4 Table.xlsx Comments MV1 operating Electric Avenue EB approaching the South Street intersection. Electric Avenue (as well as many other roadways) had not been treated and thus was covered in a sheet of black ice. MV1 slid on the ice off the road down a short embankment and through a wooden fence. MV1 & MV2 both operating Electric Avenue EB. MV1 was stopping at a red light prior to turning right on red onto SB when it was rear ended by MV2. MV2 failed to sure caution while stopping and was following MV1 too closely. MV1 operating SB; MV2 operating NB; MV3 operating Electric Avenue EB. MV1 struck MV2 as MV2 attempted a left turn onto Electric Avenue WB without yielding the right of way to MV1. Impact sent MV2 into MV3, which was stopped at a red light waiting to turn right onto SB. MV1 & MV2 both operating SB. MV2, in the straight/left turn lane, veered into the right turn lane as it approached a stopped vehicle at the red light in the straight/left turn lane. MV2 sideswiped MV1's left fender as MV1 was approaching the intersection in the right turn lane. MV2 fled the scene immediately after the accident. MV1 & MV2 both operating SB. MV1 slowed to a stop due to the traffic light changing to yellow when it was rear ended by MV2. MV2 did not notice the light change nor MV1 stopping. MV1 (police cruiser) & MV2 both operating NB. MV2 rear ended MV1 in the left turn only lane as it failed to stop for a red light at Electric Avenue. MV2 operator only had his driver's permit & did not have a licensed operator in the vehicle with him. MV1 & MV2 both operating NB. MV1 applied to brakes to stop in traffic at Electric Avenue intersection but slid on the ice. MV1 rear ended MV2. MV1 & MV2 both operating NB. MV1 was stopped in traffic approaching the Electric Avenue intersection when it was rear ended by MV2. MV2 admitted to not paying attention. MV1 operating Old WB; MV2 operating South Street SB. MV1 was traveling across intersection to Electric Avenue on a green light when it was struck by MV2. MV2 failed to stop at a red light on the SB approach. MV2 passenger arrested for outstanding warrant when she tried to flee the scene on foot. MV1 operating Electric Avenue EB; MV2 operating South Street SB. MV2 struck MV1 as MV1 turned right onto South Street SB. Both MV's claim to have had a green light.

45 Appendix D. Additional Information

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