Unit 5: Momentum Chapter 8 in book

Transcription

1 Name: Class: Date: Physics I - Spring Final Review Minimum Requirements: You may skip 7 questions, but other than that, you must answer all of the questions. This will be taken for a grade on exam day Extra credit: Extra credit will be applied to your exam grade. The exam is about 45 questions, so each point of extra credit counts as about a 2% bump on your exam grade. - You will get a 1/2 point for not skipping any questions. - You may explain your answers for each question. For every 10 questions you explain, you get 1/2 point - You may also name every variable in each equation on the equation sheet and give the units for each to get an additional 1/2 point - Maximum extra credit is 5 points (upwards of a 10% bump to your exam grade) The final exam will consist of multiple choice questions. (Problems will be included, but they will be answered as multiple choice). Feel free to check out a textbook for study or access it online: Go to Username = BorcherdingPer2 or BorcherdingPer3 or BorcherdingPer4... up to BorcherdingPer7. Password = physnasty1 1. How do you convert from cm to m? 2. How do you convert from mm to m? Unit 5: Momentum Chapter 8 in book Important Concepts - momentum (p. 125) - conservation of momentum (p. 131) - impulse (pp ) - collisions (pp ) 3. What is conservation of momentum? a. the total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after a collision b. impulse equals change in momentum c. two objects stick together after a collision d. total momentum of a system is always zero 4. Why does a gun recoil when a bullet is shot from it? a. the forward motion of the bullet imparts an impulse on the gun that pushes it backwards b. the force of the explosion causes a push on the gun c. the forward momentum of the bullet needs to be counteracted by a backward momentum in the gun 5. Which of the following effects would not decrease the force on an object (such as a dropped egg)? a. decrease the velocity of the object before the collision b. decrease the time of collision c. increase the time of collision d. decrease the velocity of the object after the collision 1

2 Name: 6. What is impulse? a. conservation of momentum c. the same thing as collision b. a force applied for a period of time d. resistance to changes in motion 7. After a car accident, the two cars stick together. This is an example of a/an. a. inelastic collision c. elastic collision b. impulse collision d. destructive collision 8. Why do padded mats protect gymnasts if they fall? a. the padding decreases the change in c. the padding decreases the time of momentum, decreasing the force b. the padding increases the change in momentum, decreasing the force collision, decreasing the force d. the padding increases the time of collision, decreasing the force 9. Why do parachutes protect skydivers? a. the padding decreases the time of collision with the ground, decreasing the force b. the padding increases the change in momentum, decreasing the force c. the padding decreases the change in momentum, decreasing the force d. the parachute increases the time of collision with the ground, decreasing the force 10. How can you use conservation of momentum to explain why a water rocket flies a. objects on Earth cannot zero momentum, so they must move b. if water is forced out the bottom of the rocket, the rocket must launch upwards to conserve momentum c. putting water in the rocket gives it an initial momentum in the upward direction d. the interaction between the water and the rocket is an inelastic collision, giving it momentum 11. A bouncy ball and a sphere of putty--each of the same mass--are thrown at a wall with the same inital velocity. The putty sticks to the wall while the ball rebounds back in the direction it came with almost the same velocity. Which of the following is true? a. The bouncy ball has a greater change in momentum b. The putty has a greater change in momentum c. The ball and the putty have the same change in momentum d. None of these are true. 12. A 2100-kg car is traveling at 25 m/s. The driver sees a menacing deer ahead on the road and slams on the breaks, applying a force of -172,200 N. How long must the brakes be applied to come to a complete stop? 13. A 1550-kg car moving south at 10 m/s collides with at 2550-kg car moving north. The cars stick together and move as a unit after the collision with a velocity of 5.22 m/s to the north. Find the velocity of the 2550-kg car before the collision. 2

3 Name: 14. James Bond is sitting in the middle of a frictionless pond and left to die by an evil villain who knows nothing about physics. Bond, who is at rest and has a mass of 73 kg (including his shoes) takes one of his shoes (m = 2.2 kg) and throws it in the opposite direction he wants to move with a velocity of 20 m/s. With what velocity will Bond move? Unit 6: Work, Power, and Energy Chapter 9 in book Important Concepts - work (pp ) - potential energy (pp ) - power (pp ) - kinetic energy (pp ) - conservation of energy (pp ) 15. What is work? a. Force applied across a distance c. The energy of motion b. How hard an object is pushed d. The rate at which energy is converted 16. In which of the following cases is work not done? a. a car accelerates as it goes down the c. 500 lbs of weight is lifted by a interstate b. a soccer ball is rolling accross the grass and is eventually stopped by friction weightlifter d. 500 lbs of weight is held above a weightlifter s head 17. What is the definition of energy? a. the amount of matter in an object c. rate at which work gets done b. force applied across a distance d. ability to do work 18. What is kinetic energy? a. energy of an object at rest c. energy of motion b. energy used to stop an object d. energy that is stored 19. What is potential energy? a. energy of motion c. energy used to stop an object b. energy that is stored d. energy of an object at rest 20. A skateboarder starts at the top of a half-pipe, and begins to skate down to the bottom, up to the other side, and then back again; repeating this motion. Where would she have a maximum kinetic energy? a. in September c. at the top of the half-pipe b. at the bottom of the half-pipe d. midway down the half-pipe 21. A skateboarder starts at the top of a half-pipe, and begins to skate down to the bottom, up to the other side, and then back again; repeating this motion. Where would she have a maximum potential energy? a. in September c. at the top of the half-pipe b. at the bottom of the half-pipe d. midway down the half-pipe 22. An orange is hanging from a tree branch before it is knocked to the ground by a bird. As it falls, explain what happens to its kinetic and potential energies. a. both its KE and PE increase c. both its KE and PE decrease b. its KE decreases and its PE increases d. its KE increases and its PE decreases 3

4 Name: 23. What is conservation of energy? a. The idea that energy always votes for Republicans b. The idea that the kinetic energy of an object never changes c. The idea that we need to save energy and not use too much. d. The idea that the total amount of energy of an object never changes 24. Billybobjoe is holding a tennis ball at shoulder-height above the floor. He says that the potential energy of the tennis ball is 10 Joules. His friend Josephybobbilybill says it is 50 Joules. How can they both be right? a. the potential energy of an object can vary depending upon the speed of the person observing the object b. the potential energy of an object can vary depending upon whether the original mass is measured in grams or Newtons c. the potential energy of an object can vary depending upon where you set the zero-point for the object s height d. you can t fool me! An object can only have one potential energy. It is impossible for both Billybobjoe and Josephybobbilybill to be correct. 25. Watt is power? a. the tendency of an object at rest to stay at c. the energy due to motion of an object rest b. the amount of electrical energy used by an object d. the rate at which work gets done 26. You slide a book across a table and it eventually comes to a stop. Your friend says this means that the book is not conserving energy because the total amount of energy decreased over time. Explain why your friend is wrong. a. All of the book s kinetic energy was converted into potential energy. c. The book never had energy. It was only moving because of inertia. b. Some of the book s energy was transferred to work. d. You can t fool me. Energy isn t conserved. Your friend was correct 27. Two cars are driving down the road. If car two is traveling two times faster than car one, but car one has two times more mass than car two, which one has more kinetic energy? a. Car two has twice as much KE c. Car one has four times as much KE b. Car one has twice as much KE d. Car two has four times as much KE 28. When you lift an object, what are you doing work against? a. total energy c. normal force b. friction d. gravity 29. A force of 333 N is used to push a stroller 14 m. a.) How much work was done? b.) If this happened in 12 seconds, what was the power produced? J of work is done to pull a stubborn dog (Cujo) across the ground. If Cujo has a mass of 55 kg and was initially at rest, what is his final velocity? 4

5 Name: 31. A skier (m = 78 kg) is lifted to the top of a 103 m tall mountain. How much work is done by the lift? 32. Harry Stamper (aka: Bruce Willis) is standing on an oil rig 80 m above the water. He decides to hit a 0.10 kg golf ball at a group of protestors in a boat. If he gives the ball an initial velocity of 65 m/s, what is its velocity when it reaches the protestors (who are 10 m above the water)? 33. A marble is at rest at the top of a 4 m ramp and has a total energy value of 400 J. As it rolls down the ramp, friction does work on it so that at 1 m above the ground, it has a kinetic energy value of 240 J. How much work is done by friction? Unit 7: Simple Harmonic Motion & Waves Chapter 25 in book Important Concepts - period (p. 491) - parts of a wave (p. 492) - wave speed (p. 495) - interference (pp ) - simple harmonic motion (p. 491) - wave motion (pp ) - types of waves (pp. 497, 500) 34. Which of the following is not true about restoring force? a. it always pulls the object back toward equilibrium c. all objects that undergo simple harmonic motion have it b. it increases as the object gets further away from equilibrium d. it is a constant force that keeps the object from stopping 35. Which of these things must simple harmonic motion have? a. a mass c. circular motion b. a restoring force d. a small amplitude 36. The pendulum bob of a grandfather clock is shown below (the points shown below are of the two amplitude points, and the equilibrium position). Indicate where the pendulum will have a velocity of zero. a. the far left and far right positions b. halfway between the center point and the far left point c. the center (bottom) position d. its velocity is constant, so it will never be zero 5

6 Name: 37. Indicate where that same pendulum will have a restoring force of zero. a. its restoring force is constant, so it will never be zero b. the center (bottom) position c. halfway between the center point and the far left point d. the far left and far right positions 38. Which of the following is not an example of simple harmonic motion? a. The repeated cycles of a Farris wheel going around and aroung b. The repeated up-and-down of a transverse wave c. The repeated back-and-forth of the bob on a grandfather clock d. The repeated bounce of old shock absorbers on a car after you go over a bump 39. What would happen to the period of a pendulum if you increase the mass? 40. What would happen to the period of a pendulum if you increase the amplitude? 41. What would happen to the period of a pendulum if you increase the length? 42. What would happen to the period of a pendulum if you increase the acceleration of gravity? 43. What would happen to the period of a spring if you increase the mass? 44. What would happen to the period of a spring if you increase the amplitude? 45. What would happen to the period of a spring if you increase the spring constant? 46. What would happen to the period of a spring if you increase the acceleration of gravity? 47. For a spring, what causes the restoring force? a. inertia of the mass b. force of gravity c. tension of the spring itself d. you can t fool me! There is no restoring force. 48. For a pendulum, what causes the restoring force? a. inertia of the mass b. force of gravity c. tension of the pendulum itself d. you can t fool me! There is no restoring force. 49. Why does a pendulum keep moving when it gets to equilibrium? a. the potential energy of the pendulum pulls it up from equilibrium back to the top b. the inertia of the pendulum makes it want to keep moving through equilibrium c. the restoring force pushes it past equilibrium d. the frequency of the pendulum keeps it from stopping 50. Increasing the frequency the period. a. does not affect b. decreases c. increases 51. A wave in which the particles back-and-forth parallel to the direction of the wave s motion is known as a. a. simple harmonic wave c. transverse wave b. longitudinal wave d. destructive interference 6

7 Name: 52. What do waves do? a. transport work without transporting power b. transport energy without transporting matter c. move particles from one place to another without transporting energy d. absorb forces while generating energy 53. The spring in a grocery produce scale is stretched 0.03 meters when 2 kg of oranges are placed in the basket. a.) Find the spring constant for the scale. b.) What is the period the scale would have if it were allowed to oscillate? 54. A pendulum makes 9 oscillations in 15 seconds. Find the period and frequency of the pendulum. 55. The pendulum on a grandfather clock swings back and forth 30 times in one minute. What is the length of this pendulum? 56. Draw a wave and label the following parts: wavelength, amplitude, equilibrium, crest, trough 57. Draw and describe constructive and destructive interference. 58. Draw two different waves: one with a large and small amplitude. 59. Draw two different waves: one with a large and small frequency. 7

8 Name: Unit 8: Sound & Light Chapters 26 (sound), 27, 28, 31, (light) in book Important Concepts - How sound travels (pp ) - Resonance (pp ) - Electromagnetic waves (p. 536) - Refraction (p. 584) - Sound properties (pp ) - The Doppler Effect (pp ) - Reflection (pp ) 60. Why does sound not travel in space a. since there is no light, there is nothing to interact with the sound b. since there is no air in space, there are no particles for the wave to vibrate c. the particles in space are too far apart for sound to travel through d. space is too cold for sound to travel through it 61. What happens to the sound of a fire truck as it drives past you? a. As the truck approaches, the sound of the siren has a higher frequency. As it goes away from you, the siren has a lower frequency. b. When the truck is far away, the sound of the siren has a lower frequency. When the truck is near, the siren has a higher frequency. c. As the truck approaches, the sound of the siren has a lower frequency. As it goes away from you, the siren has a higher frequency. d. When the truck is far away, the sound of the siren has a higher frequency. When the truck is near, the siren has a lower frequency. 62. If a sound wave has a higher frequency it sounds like it a. has a lower pitch c. has a higher pitch b. is quieter d. is louder 63. If a sound wave has a longer wavelength it sounds like it a. has a lower pitch c. is louder b. has a higher pitch d. is quieter 64. The law of reflection states: a. incoming light reflects along the same path that it came c. you can only see your reflection on smooth surfaces b. light bends when it goes from one medium to another d. the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection 65. Why does a red object appear red? a. it reflects all light except red light c. it absorbs all light except red light b. it emits its own red light d. red is an optical illusion 66. What is refraction? a. when light bends because it changes c. when light changes color after going speed b. when light bends because it changes frequency 67. Why can you not see your reflection in a piece of paper? a. Paper is not smooth so it reflects light in all directions b. Most of the light refracts through the paper instead of reflecting c. The law of reflection does not apply to paper. d. Paper does not reflect light through a prism d. when light bounces back through the medium it came from 8

9 Name: 68. When you look into a flat mirror, what are you seeing? a. a virtual image c. a real image b. a specular image d. nothing; the mirror broke 69. What type of wave is a sound wave? a. longitudinal wave c. simple harmonic wave b. transverse wave d. destructive interference 70. How does a lens work? a. the lens disperses light toward the focal point b. the lens interferes light toward a focal point c. the lens reflects light toward a focal point d. the lens refracts light toward a focal point 71. How can sound be used to break glass? a. if sound is played at a sufficiently high frequency the glass will resonate b. if sound is played at a certain frequency the glass will resonate c. if sound is played at a sufficiently high volume the glass will resonate d. if sound is played at a sufficiently high wavelength the glass will resonate 72. What is a photon? a. a high frequency light wave b. a small packet of light energy c. a photoelectron ejected from a piece of metal d. a dispersed bit of resonance 73. Which of the following is out of place? a. sound wave c. infrared wave b. visible light wave d. radio wave 74. Red light has a wavelength of meters. What is the frequency of red light? 75. You are driving east at 17 m/s when you see a police car in your rearview mirror that is also driving east, but at 32 m/s. If you hear a frequency of 6000 Hz, what frequency is actually produced by a cruiser? 76. Consider a diverging lens with a focal length of 3 cm. An object is 4 cm away. a.) What is the distance between the lens and the image? b.) What is the magnification of the image? c.) Is the image real or virtual? How do you know? 9

10 Name: Unit 9: Electricity Chapters in book Important Concepts - Electric force (pp. 645, ) - Conductors (p. 651) - Electric field (pp ) - Electric potential/voltage (pp ) - Ohm s Law (pp ) - Circuits (pp ) - Charge (pp ) - Charging objects (pp ) - Electrical potential energy (pp ) - Current (pp ) - Resistance (p. 684) 77. What are the two types of charge? a. positive and negative c. inductive and contact b. coulomb and ampere d. credit and debit 78. What happens to two like charges brought close to each other. a. they combine c. they attract b. they repel d. nothing happens 79. Copper is a good conductor. This means that a. copper uses up all the electricity flowing through it b. charges can move easily through copper c. copper generates its own electricity d. charges cannot move easily through copper 80. Two lightbulbs are wired in a series circuit. What happens when one of the bulbs breaks? a. the other bulb stays lit at the same brightness b. both bulbs go out c. the other bulb gets dimmer d. the other bulb gets brighter 81. Two lightbulbs are wired in a parallel circuit. What happens when one of the bulbs breaks? a. the other bulb stays lit at the same brightness b. both bulbs go out c. the other bulb gets dimmer d. the other bulb gets brighter 82. When you add another resistor to a parallel circuit, a. the equivalent resistance stays the same c. the equivalent resistance goes down b. the equivalent resistance goes up d. the equivalent resistance goes to zero 83. A 2-Coulomb charge is sitting at point A. You put another charge at point B. This second charge can be either 1 Coulomb or 3 Coulombs. Which of the following is true? a. The electric potential energy for the 1-Coulomb charge would be the same as the electric force of the 3-Coulomb charge b. The electric force for the 1-Coulomb charge would be the same as the electric force of the 3-Coulomb charge c. The electric field for the 1-Coulomb charge would be the same as the electric force of the 3-Coulomb charge d. None of these are true 84. Which of the following involves two charges? a. electric field c. electric charge b. electric force d. electric potential (voltage) 10

11 Name: 85. Which of the statements is true? a. resistance and current are directly proportional b. voltage and current are directly proportional c. resistance and charge are directly proportional d. two of the above are true 86. Three point charges, q 1, q 2, and q 3, lie along the x-axis at -0.4 m, 0 m, and 1.0 m, respectively. Calculate the charge on q 2. (q 1 = C, q 2 = C, and q 3 = C) 87. Four resistors, with values of 10 Ω, 1.79 Ω, 47 Ω, and 29 Ω are connected in series. If the circuit is then connected to a 5 V source, what is the current through the circuit? 88. Four resistors, with values of 10 Ω, 1.79 Ω, 47 Ω, and 29 Ω are connected in parallel. If the circuit is then connected to a 5 V source, what is the overall current through the circuit? 11