2016 PHYSICS FINAL REVIEW PACKET

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1 2016 PHYSICS FINAL REVIEW PACKET EXAM BREAKDOWN CHAPTER TOPIC # OF QUESTIONS 6 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 22 7 MOMENTUM/COLLISIONS 17 5 CIRCULAR MOTION GRAVITY/SATELLITE MOTION WAVES 24 - ELECTROMAGNETISM/MISC./LABS 7 TOTAL 100 DATE: TIME: ROOM: PROCTOR: YOU ARE REQUIRED TO BRING: YOU WILL BE GIVEN: 1. CALCULATOR (YOUR OWN NO SHARING) 2. PENCIL WITH ERASER. 1. FORMULA SHEET 2. SCRAP PAPER 3. EXAM BOOKLETS Disclaimer: This material represents a general approximation of the types of problems that were engaged in during the second half of the year. That is, this should not be your only vehicle of review. THE FINAL IS NOT, I REPEAT, NOT LIMITED TO THE MATERIAL CONTAINED ON THESE PAGES. What to study: 1. Notes 2. Quizzes/Tests 3. Labs/Activities

2 PROBLEM SHEET Chapter 6 Conservation of Energy Key terms (know what they are and how they are determined): A. Potential energy B. Kinetic Energy C. Work done by friction 1. What happens to the kinetic energy of an object if its velocity is tripled? Its mass is tripled? Its velocity is quadrupled? 2. Can an object have negative kinetic energy? Explain 3. A car going 5 m/s increases its velocity to 7 m/s. How much will its kinetic energy increase? 4. A ball going 6 m/s has a kinetic energy of 450 J. What is the mass of the ball? [by 24 J] 5. How high would a 3.9 kg ball have to be in order to have 345 J of potential energy? [25 kg] 6. A rock on top of an 8 m tall hill has 380 J of potential energy. What must be the mass of the rock? [9 m] 7. How much potential energy will a spring (k = 48 N/m) have if it is compressed 0.85 m? [4.85 kg] [17.3 J] 8. State the law of conservation of energy. 9. Explain what friction does to the energy of a system. 10. A 15.0 kg sled has an initial speed of 3.25 m/s at the top of a hill that is 12.0 m high. What will be its velocity when it reaches the bottom? [15.7 m/s]

3 11. Observe: m = 15 kg 4 m/s 35 m 25 m µ = 0.25 A. How fast is the block moving at B and C? B. If the block had only friction to bring the block to rest after the ride, how far would it travel before stopping? C. If instead of friction, the block had a spring to stop it after the ride whose spring constant is 850 N/m how much distance would it compress? Chapter 7 Momentum/Collisions A. v B: 26.5 m/s v C: 14.6 m/s B. d = 143 m C. 3.5 m Key terms (know what they are and how they are determined): A. Bar Charts B. Impulse C. Momentum D. Change in momentum 12. Described what is conserved and what is not conserved in the following: A. Elastic collision. B. Inelastic collision. 13. A kg car is traveling at 15.0 m/s when it collides and sticks to 50.0 kg garbage can that is at rest. What is the velocity of the masses immediately after the collision? [14.6 m/s]

4 14. A force of 850. N is applied for 2.30 seconds to a mass of 105 kg initially traveling at 1.50 m/s. What is the new velocity of the object? [20.1 m/s] 15. A 9.45 kg rifle fires a kg bullet with a muzzle velocity of m/s. With what velocity will the rifle recoil? [-5.95 m/s] 16. A kg baseball is traveling at 40.0 m/s towards a batter. He hits it and it returns at 75.0 m/s. A. What is the change in momentum of the ball? [86.3 kg m/s] B. Draw a momentum bar chart. C. If the bat is in contact with the ball for 5.50 x10-3 s, how much force does it deliver? [15,700 N] 17. An 8 kg ball is traveling to the right at 5 m/s. It then collides elastically with a 4 kg ball traveling to the right at 2 m/s. A. What is the total momentum before? [48 kg m/s] B. If the velocity of the 8 kg ball is 3 m/s after, what will be the velocity of the 4 kg ball? [v 4 = 6 m/s] C. What is the total momentum after the collision? [48 kg m/s] D. Using the graph A) Determine the impulse from 0 to 5 seconds. [5 N s] B) If the object s mass is 60 kg, how much will its velocity change? [0.083 m/s] C) If the initial velocity was 3 m/s, what will be the final velocity? [3.083 m/s]

5 18. Two cars are involved in a head-on collision. As a result they stick together. 10 m/s 20 m/s 300 kg 450 kg A. What is the total kinetic energy before the collision? B. What will be their velocity after they collide? [105,000 J] C. What is the kinetic energy after they collide? [-8 m/s] D. How much kinetic energy is lost? [24,000 J] E. How kinetic energy is lost (%)? [81,000 J lost] [77 %] Chapter 5 Circular Motion 19. Key terms (know what they are and how they are determined): A. Circular Velocity B. Period C. Frequency D. Centripetal acceleration E. Centripetal Force 20. A 5.00 kg object completes 10.0 revolutions in 3.0 seconds with a radius of 30.0 cm. A. What is the velocity of the object? [6.28 m/s] B. What is the centripetal acceleration of the object? [131 m/s 2 ] C. What is the centripetal force on the object? [657 N]

6 21. A 2 kg ball is swung in a vertical circle. The length of the string the ball is attached to is 0.7 m. It takes 0.4 s for the ball to travel one revolution (we will assume constant speed). A. What is the force of the string on the ball at the top? [326.1 N] B. What is the force of the string on the ball at the bottom? [365.3 N] 22. A car is going around a curve with a radius of 45 m. The car is traveling at 17 m/s. What does μ have to be so the car won t slip? [0.65] 23. What must be the period of the ride pictured so that the person will not fall down is R = 3.6 m and µ = 0.75? [3.3 s] Chapter 5 Gravitation / Satellites. Key terms (know what they are and how they are determined): A. Gravitational force B. Acceleration due to gravity C. Satellite Motion D. Orbits 24. What is the acceleration due to gravity (g) on the surface of Venus (m V = 4.87x10 24 kg, R V = 6.05x10 3 km)? [8.87 m/s 2 ]

7 25. The force of gravity between two bodies is 5 N. The mass of each body is 67,000 kg. How far apart are the two bodies? 26. The g on a planet is 14.5 m/s 2. The planet has the same mass as the Earth. What is its radius? [0.24 m] [5.25x10 6 m] 27. A satellite with a mass of 300. kg is in a circular orbit 6.83x10 6 m from the Earth s center. A. What is the gravitational force on the satellite? [2565 N] B. What is the velocity of the satellite? [7642 m/s] C. How far from the surface of the Earth is the satellite? [450,000 m = 450 km] D. What is the period of the satellite? [5616 s or 93.6 min, or 1.56 hr, or days, or yr] Chapter 11 Waves 28. Define the following (include the units for each): A. Types of waves B. Period C. Amplitude D. Frequency E. Medium F. Index of refraction G. Diffraction H. Photoelectric Effect I. Radiation (types, properties) SEE NOTES, QUIZZES, AND LABS Chapter 11 Electromagnetism 29. Define the following (include the units for each): A. Magnets B. Magnetic Fields C. Electromagnetism SEE LABS

8 SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE Momentum 1. The condition necessary for the conservation of momentum in a given system is that A) energy is conserved. D) internal forces equal external forces. B) one body is at rest. E) None of these is correct. C) the net external force is zero. 2. Momentum is conserved in which of the following? A) elastic collisions D) collisions between automobiles B) inelastic collisions E) All of these are correct. C) explosions 3. A boy and girl on ice skates face each other. The girl has a mass of 20 kg and the boy has a mass of 30 kg. The boy pushes the girl backward at a speed of 3.0 m/s. As a result of the push, the speed of the boy is A) zero B) 2.0 m/s C) 3.0 m/s D) 4.5 m/s E) 9.0 m/s 4. Two identical bodies of mass M move with equal speeds v. The direction of their velocities is illustrated in the figure. The magnitude of the linear momentum of the system is A) 2Mv B) Mv C) 4Mv D) E) 5. A golfball and a Ping-Pong ball are dropped in a vacuum chamber. When they have fallen halfway to the floor, they have the same A) speed. B) potential energy. C) kinetic energy. D) momentum. E) speed, potential energy, kinetic energy, and momentum. Answer: A 6. In any and all collisions of short duration and for which it is true that no external forces act on the collision participants, A) kinetic energy is conserved. B) both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. C) neither momentum nor kinetic energy is conserved. D) the relative velocities before and after impact are equal and oppositely directed. E) momentum is conserved. 7. For a system consisting of two particles that undergo an elastic collision, A) momentum is conserved but the total energy is not conserved. B) neither the kinetic energy nor the momentum is conserved. C) neither the total energy nor the momentum is necessarily conserved. D) the mechanical energy is conserved but momentum is not conserved. E) both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved. 8. If a body moves in such a way that its linear momentum is constant, then A) its kinetic energy is zero. B) the sum of all the forces acting on it must be zero. C) its acceleration is greater than zero and is constant. D) its center of mass remains at rest. E) the sum of all the forces acting on the body is constant and nonzero. 9. If the momentum of a mass M is doubled, its kinetic energy will be multiplied by a factor of A) B) 2 C) D) 4 E) 10. An object of mass M 1 is moving with a speed v on a straight, level, frictionless track when it collides with another mass M 2 that is at rest on the track. After the collision, M 1 and M 2 stick together and move with a speed of A) v B) M 1 v C) (M 1 + M 2 )v/m 1 D) M 1 v/(m 1 + M 2 ) E) M 1 v/m 2

9 11. A 40-kg girl, standing at rest on the ice, gives a 60-kg boy, who is also standing at rest on the ice, a shove. After the shove, the boy is moving backward at 2.0 m/s. Ignore friction. The girl's speed is A) zero B) 1.3 m/s C) 2.0 m/s D) 3.0 m/s E) 6.0 m/s 12. A moving particle is stopped by a single head-on collision with a second, stationary particle, if the moving particle undergoes A) an elastic collision with a second particle of much smaller mass. B) an elastic collision with a second particle of much greater mass. C) an elastic collision with a second particle of equal mass. D) an inelastic collision with a second particle of any mass. 13. Two cars of equal mass travel in opposite directions at equal speeds. They collide in a perfectly inelastic collision. Just after the collision, their velocities are A) zero. B) equal to C) equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to D) less in magnitude and in the same direction as E) less in magnitude and opposite in direction to Answer: A 14. Two equal masses travel in opposite directions with equal speed. If they collide in a perfectly elastic collision, then, just after the collision, their velocities will be A) zero. B) equal to C) equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to D) less in magnitude and in the same direction as E) less in magnitude and opposite in direction to 15. Two equal masses travel in opposite directions with equal speeds. They collide in a collision that is between elastic and inelastic. Just after the collision, their velocities are A) zero. B) equal to C) equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to D) less in magnitude and in the same direction as E) less in magnitude and opposite in direction to 16. In an elastic collision of two objects, A) momentum is not conserved. B) momentum is conserved, and the kinetic energy after the collision is less than its value before the collision. C) momentum is conserved, and the kinetic energy after the collision is the same as the kinetic energy before the collision. D) momentum is not conserved, and the kinetic energy of the system after the collision differs from the kinetic energy of the system before the collision. E) the kinetic energy of the system after the collision depends on the masses of the objects. 17. Two balls of equal mass are thrown against a massive wall with equal velocities. The first rebounds with a speed equal to its striking speed, and the second sticks to the wall. The impulse that the first ball transmits to the wall, relative to the second, is A) twice as great. D) four times as great. B) half as great. E) one-fourth as great. C) the same. Answer: A 18. A ball of mass m strikes a wall that is perpendicular to its path at speed +v and rebounds in the opposite direction with a speed v. The impulse imparted to the ball by the wall is A) 2mv B) mv C) zero D) mv E) 2mv Circular Motion 19. When a particle moves in a circle with constant speed, its acceleration is A) constantly increasing. D) constant in magnitude. B) constant in direction. E) constant in magnitude and direction. C) zero. 20. An object traveling in a circle at constant speed A) is moving with constant velocity. B) may be slowing down or picking up speed. C) experiences no acceleration. D) experiences an acceleration toward the center of the circle. E) is described by none of the above statements.

10 21. A car going around a curve of radius R at a speed V experiences a centripetal acceleration a c. What is its acceleration if it goes around a curve of radius 3R at a speed of 2V? A) (2/3)a c B) (4/3)a c C) (2/9)a c D) (9/2)a c E) (3/2)a c 22. A car experiences both a centripetal and a tangential acceleration. For which of the following would this be true? A) It is going around a curve at a constant speed. B) It is going around a curve and slowing down. C) It is going along a straight road at a constant speed. D) It is going along a straight road and increasing its speed. E) It is going along a straight road and decreasing its speed The figure shows a top view of a ball on the end of a string traveling counterclockwise in a circular path. The speed of the ball is constant. If the string should break at the instant shown, the path that the ball would follow is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) impossible to tell from the given information. The figure shows a top view of a ball on the end of a string traveling counterclockwise in a circular path. Assume that air resistance is negligible. The freebody diagram that best represents the net force acting on the ball is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 The figure shows a top view of a ball on the end of a string traveling counterclockwise in a circular path. Assume that air resistance is negligible. The freebody diagram that best represents the acceleration of the ball is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Gravity/Satellites 26. If the mass of a satellite is doubled while the radius of its orbit remains constant, the speed of the satellite is A) increased by a factor of D) reduced by a factor of 8. B) increased by a factor of 2. E) reduced by a factor of 2. C) not changed. Of the satellites shown revolving around the earth, the one with the greatest speed is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) If the mass of a planet is doubled while its radius and the radius of orbit of its moon remain constant, the speed of the moon is A) increased by a factor of D) reduced by a factor of. B) increased by a factor of 2. E) reduced by a factor of 2. C) not changed. Answer: A 29. A woman whose weight on earth is 500 N is lifted to a height of two earth radii above the surface of the earth. Her weight A) decreases to one-half of the original amount. B) decreases to one-quarter of the original amount. C) decreases to one-fifth of the original amount. D) decreases to one-third of the original amount. E) decreases to one-ninth of the original amount. 30. The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the earth is g. The radius of the earth is R E. The distance from the center of the earth to a point where the acceleration due to gravity is g/9 is A) R E B) 9R E C) R E /3 D) 3R E E) None of these is correct.

11 31. At the surface of the moon, the acceleration due to the gravity of the moon is a. At a distance from the center of the moon equal to three times the radius of the moon, the acceleration due to the gravity of the moon is A) 9 a B) a /3 C) a /4 D) a /9 E) 27 a 32. Suppose a planet exists that has half the mass of earth and half its radius. On the surface of that planet, the acceleration due to gravity is A) twice that on earth. D) one-fourth that on earth. B) the same as that on earth. E) none of these. C) half that on earth. Answer: A 33. You need an expression for the acceleration of the moon toward the earth. If the mass of the earth is M e, the mass of the moon M m, the separation of the earth and moon r, and the appropriate gravitational constant is G, the correct expression for the moon's acceleration is A) GM e M m /r 2 B) GM e M m 2 /r 2 C) GM m /r 2 D) GM e /r 2 E) GM e /r 2 M m 34. The acceleration due to gravity in the vicinity of the earth A) varies directly with the distance from the center of the earth. B) is a constant that is independent of altitude. C) varies inversely with the distance from the center of the earth. D) varies inversely with the square of the distance from the center of the earth. E) is described by none of these. 35. If a planet has a mass twice that of the earth and a radius four times that of the earth, the ratio of the acceleration due to gravity on the planet to that on the earth is A) 1/8 B) 1/2 C) 1/16 D) 2/1 E) 12/1 Answer: A 36. When two masses are a distance R apart, each exerts a force of magnitude F on the other. When the distance between them is changed to 4R, the force is changed to A) 16F B) 4F C) F/2 D) F/4 E) F/ According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, if the distance between two bodies is tripled, the gravitational force between them is A) unchanged. D) reduced to 1/3 its previous value. B) halved E) None of these is correct. C) doubled. 38. The radius R of a stable, circular orbit for a satellite of mass m and velocity v about a planet of mass M is given by A) R = Gv/M B) R = Gv/mM C) R = GmM/v D) R = GM/mv E) R = GM/v 2 WAVES 39. A wave pulse traveling to the right along a thin cord reaches a discontinuity where the rope becomes thicker and heavier. What is the orientation of the reflected and transmitted pulses? A) Both pulses are right side up. B) The reflected pulse returns right side up while the transmitted pulse is inverted. C) The reflected pulse returns inverted while the transmitted pulse is right side up. D) Both pulses are inverted. 40. The figure shows the displacement y of a wave at a given position as a function of time and the displacement of the same wave at a given time as a function of position. Determine the frequency of the wave. A) 4.0 Hz B) 0.50 Hz C) 3.0 Hz D) 0.33 Hz E) 0.25 Hz 41. What is the wavelength used by a radio station that broadcasts with a carrier frequency of 920,000 Hz? A) 22.6 m B) 226 m C) 326 m D) 175 m E) 276 m 42. Light having a frequency in vacuum of Hz enters a liquid of refractive index 2.0. In this liquid, its frequency will be A) Hz B) Hz C) Hz D) Hz E) None of the above choices are correct.

12 43. Light having a speed in vacuum of m/s enters a liquid of refractive index 2.0. In this liquid, its speed will be A) m/s B) m/s C) m/s D) m/s E) None of the above choices are correct. 50. A rectangle is 325 cm long and 150 cm wide. What is its area in square meters? A) m 2 B) 4.87 m 2 C) 4.80 m 2 D) 4.9 m If a wave has a wavelength of 25.4 cm and a frequency of 1.63 khz, its speed is closest to A) m/s B) 41.4 m/s C) 414 m/s D) 41,400 m/s E) 15.6 m/s 45. Of the following, which is not electromagnetic in nature? A) microwaves B) gamma rays C) sound waves D) radio waves 46. When a light wave enters into a medium of different optical density, A) its speed and frequency change. B) its speed and wavelength change. C) its frequency and wavelength change. D) its speed, frequency, and wavelength change. 47. What principle is responsible for light spreading as it passes through a narrow slit? A) refraction B) polarization C) diffraction D) interference 48. Light of wavelength 550 nm in vacuum is found to travel at 1.96x10 8 m/s in a certain liquid. Determine the index of refraction of the liquid. A) 0.65 B) 1.53 C) 1.96 D) The photoelectric effect is explainable assuming A) that light has a wave nature. B) that light has a particle nature. C) that light has a wave nature and a particle nature. D) none of the above

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