Physics Spring Final Review C O N C E P T U A L P H Y S I C S : F I R S T & S E C O N D S E M E S T E R
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1 Name Date Period Physics Spring Final Review C O N C E P T U A L P H Y S I C S : F I R S T & S E C O N D S E M E S T E R Directions: Answer the following questions based on in-class notes, worksheets, and your Physics book. Remember to show all of your work (4 steps) when answering word problems.
2 PART 1: PHYSICS CONCEPTS AND VOCABULARY Important Laws to know: Conservation of Energy Conservation of Momentum Conservation of Charge Newton s Laws (1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd ) Coulomb s Law Ohm s Law 1. Define the following terms: a. Force- b. Net Force- c. Friction- d. Average speed- e. Instantaneous speed- f. Acceleration- g. Vector- h. Terminal velocity- i. Newton s First Law- j. Newton s Second Law-
3 k. Newton s Third Law- l. Electromagnetic spectrum- m. Transverse wave- n. Longitudinal wave- o. Doppler Effect- p. Mass- q. Weight (force of gravity)- r. Equilibrium- PART 2: UNITS 1. What are the units for the following? a. Forceb. Speed and velocityc. Distanced. Timee. Accelerationf. Massg. Weight (Force of gravity)-
4 h. Momentumi. Kinetic energyj. Potential energyk. Workl. Currentm. Voltagen. Resistanceo. Powerp. Wavelengthq. Frequencyr. Wave speed- PART 3: PHYSICS CONCEPTS 1. Identify two situations in which an object can have a net force = 0 Newtons. Draw the Free Body Diagrams that go with both scenarios. 2. What is meant by free fall? 3. Which of the following will remain constant when an object is falling and there is no air resistance? (circle all that apply) Velocity Speed Acceleration 4. Explain what happens to both the kinetic and potential energies of an object when it is falling.
5 5. Forces always occur in. 6. An object will accelerate when it is affected by,. 7. In the absence of air resistance, the angle at which a thrown ball will go the farthest is. 8. When an object reaches terminal velocity its acceleration equals. 9. All waves are created by. 10. In circuits of metal wires, are the flowing charged particles. 11. Draw a typical transverse wave and identify the following parts of a wave: crest, trough, wavelength, amplitude, node, anti-node. 12. Any path along which electrons can flow is called a. 13. In most waves, the speed of the wave only depends on the waves. 14. What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? 15. Friction is a force that always acts to an object's motion. 16. A ball is thrown straight upward at 5 m/s. Ideally (no air resistance), the ball will return to the thrower's hand with a speed of m/s. 17. If a freely falling object were somehow equipped with a speedometer, its speed reading would increase each second by m/s. 18. Touching a charged body to earth to eliminate excess charge is called. 19. According to Coulomb s law, as the distance between charged particles increases, the amount of force will. 20. According to Coulomb s law, as the magnitude of charge increases, the amount of force will.
6 21. Describe why a kg feather falling at 1 m/s has more momentum than a 100,000,000 kg boat at rest at a dock. 22. How would doubling the voltage in a circuit affect the current? What about doubling the resistance? 23. Imagine there is a circuit that has 3 lightbulbs would the brightness of the bulbs be greater if they are wired in parallel or series? Why? 24. Is it better to wire holiday lights in parallel or series? Why? 25. When talking about sound waves, what mean the same as frequency and amplitude? 26. Describe a scenario when an object has constant speed but not constant velocity. PART 4: WORD PROBLEMS: 1. A 40 -N falling object encounters 5-N of air resistance. The magnitude of the net force on the object is? (Draw a diagram and use vectors to answer) 2. A bike travels at a constant speed of 20 m/s for 2 seconds. How far did it travel?
7 3. A bike travels at a constant speed of 100 meters in 10 seconds. What was the average speed? 4. How much time will it take for a person to walk 400 meters at a constant speed of 5 m/s? 5. You drop a rock off of a tall building. It hits the ground in 3.0 seconds. What is the final velocity? 6. A ball is dropped from rest from a height 25.0 meters above the ground. The ball falls freely and reaches the ground 4.0 seconds later. What is the average speed of the ball? 7. You drop a rock off of the top of a 50 m tall building. How long does it take before it hits the ground? 8. The figure shows a block that is being pulled along the floor. According to the figure, what is the acceleration of the block?
8 9. Suppose a small plane can fly at 200km/h relative to the surrounding air. Suppose also that there is a 50km/h tailwind. How fast does the plane's shadow move across the ground? (draw vectors to solve) 10. A car travels 5 meters in the first second of travel, 5 meters again during the second second of travel, and 5 meters again during the third second. Its acceleration is? 11. You drop a rock off of a tall building. It takes 10 seconds to hit the ground. How tall is the building? 12. A truck has a mass of 1000 kg and accelerates at 2 meters per second squared. What is the magnitude of the force acting on the truck? 13. A tow truck exerts a force of 2000 N on a car, accelerating it a 1 m/s2. What is the mass of the car? 14. A hydraulic lift used at an automotive repair shop raises a 500-kilogram car 3 meters off of the ground. What is the potential energy given to the car?
9 15. A 3-kg brick falls to the ground from a 10-m-high roof. What is the approximate kinetic energy of the brick just before it touches the ground? 16. What is the kinetic energy of a wagon with a mass of 2.5 kilograms traveling at a speed of 4 meters per second? Assume no other forces act upon the object. 17. A sound wave traveling through a solid material has a frequency of 450 hertz. The wavelength of the sound wave is 1 meters. What is the speed of sound in the material? 18. If 15 N of force are applies to a cart to move it a distance of 5 m, how much work is done on the cart? 19. A sound wave has a frequency of 250 Hz and a wavelength measured at 2.00 m. What is the speed of the wave? 20. An object has an initial Gravitational Potential Energy of 5000 J and its initial Kinetic Energy is 0 J. If it s Gravitational Potential Energy after is 1000 J, what is its Kinetic Energy after?
10 21. A child is on a sled moving down a hill at 15.0 m/s. The combined mass of the sled and child is 50.0 kilograms. The momentum of the child and sled is? 22. A 100-watt light bulb is connected to a 120-V outlet. How much current is in the light bulb? 23. How much power is used by a 12 Volt battery that draws 2 A of current? 24. When a 12-V battery is connected to a resistor, 0.5 A of current flows in the resistor. What is the resistor's value? 25. A 20-ohm resistor has a 5-A current in it. What is the voltage across the resistor?
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