Bu l g a r i a 4 8, 53, 2 8 0, Bu r u nd i 8 8. Holo c au s t d e n i a l

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Frederica Charles
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1 I N D E X abuse, fear of as dominating ICCPR drafti n g actus reus of the incitement offence c omple x it y of pi np oi nt i n g 16 8 d e fi n it ion s a nd c onc e pt s d i s c r i m i n at ion i n IC C PR ICCPR Article 20(2) a d vo c a c y d e fi ne d h at re d d e fi ne d hostility and violence defined incitement define d inciter, audience and target t r i a n g le 191 k e y t e r m s of pro s c r i b e d re s u lt s religious hatred define d n at ion a l i nc it e me nt l aw bl a s phe my l aw s hate speech/incitement to hatred l aw s low-t h re s hold s p e e c h o ff ences pro s c r i b e d re s u lt s pu bl ic n at u re of i nc it e me nt serious view of religion-based i nc it e me nt Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime, Concerning the Criminalisation of Acts of a Racist and Xenophobic Nature Committed through Computer Sy s t e m s administrative sanctions as alternative to c r i m i n a l a d vo c a c y d e fi ne d a nd i nt e nt , , , A l b a n i a 2 0 2, 331, A ndor r a 7 7 a nt i- S e m it i s m A nt i g u a a nd B a r b a do s 271, apartheid and UDHR drafting d i s c u s s ion s A r me n i a 2 0 0, 2 81, 332, Au s t r a l i a 2 3, 35, 41, 4 2, 47, 4 8, 71, 78, criminal intent in ICCPR 209 IC C PR a me nd me nt reservation regarding ICCPR 2 0 (2) 72 U DH R d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s 2 3 Au s t r i a 47, 19 9, 270, 2 8 0, 2 81, , 29 8, 3 0 0, 33 0, 331, 3 4 5, A z e r b a ij a n B a re ndt, E r ic 2 41 B e l a r u s 2 0 2, B e l g iu m 41, 4 2, 47, 8 8, , 155, 2 27, , 2 5 8, 2 61, , 2 8 4, 29 0, , 32 5, 3 4 6, 3 63 human rights under ICCPR Art. 2 0 (2) 83 reservation regarding ICCPR 2 0 (2) 72 U DH R d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s B e ne s c h, Su s a n bl a s phe my o ff e nc e s B ol i v i a B or i s ov prop o s a l B o s n i a a nd He r z e gov i n a 2 0 2, Br a z i l 4 3, 4 4, 6 0, 71, 19 8, 2 0 9,

2 385 Bu l g a r i a 4 8, 53, 2 8 0, Bu r u nd i 8 8 C a md e n P r i nc iple s 174, 182, 217 C a n a d a 4 2, 47, 7 7, , 101, , 19 9, 219, 2 3 6, C h i le 27, 39 41, 47, 5 0, 53, 55, 5 6, 5 8, 59, C h i n a 41, 47 IC C PR d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s U DH R d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s 2 3 C h r i s t i a n s, L ou i s -L é on 5 civil sanctions as alternative to c r i m i n a l c le a r a nd pre s e nt a nd d a n ge r c ol le c t i ve h at re d, see g roup h at re d Committee on the Elimination of Racial Di sc r i m i nat ion (CE R D) c ont e x t of re l i g iou s h at re d 2 4 3, 2 4 4, Holo c au s t d e n i a l incitement, defin it ion of a nd i nt e nt l i k e l i ho o d of h a r m re qu i re me nt s 19 9 me mor y l aw s or g a n i z e d h at re d p e n a lt ie s p e r m it t e d i nc it e me nt see also I nt e r n a t i on a l C onve nt i on on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) community work as penalties 363 c on fi s c at ion s a s p e n a lt ie s c ont e nt of s p e e c he s a s d e c i si ve context of religious hatred C E R D 2 4 3, 2 4 4, clear and present and danger e le me nt s i n e x t e nt of s p e e c h 2 4 4, Holo c au s t d e n i a l Hu m a n R i g ht s C om m it t e e i m me d i at e s u r rou nd i n g s 2 4 3, i m m i ne nc e of h a r m , , , 2 4 8, , , l i k e l i ho o d of h a r m , , , 2 4 8, , n at ion a l i nc it e me nt l aw pers on beh i nd t he spe ech ac t 24 3, 247 R a b at Pl a n of Ac t ion , role a nd p o s it ion of s p e a k e r s s e t t i n g of s p e e c h socio-historical, economic a nd p ol it ic a l , 2 4 8, s t at e pr a c t ic e a s t ippi n g t he b a l a nc e v u l ne r a bi l it y of t a r ge t g roup s 2 39, 2 47, Convention on the Prevention of Te r ror i s m conviction of hate speech offenders IC E R D A r t ic le see also pu n i s h me nt for i nc it e me nt C ou nc i l of E u rop e Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism 306 g lor i fication of religious v iole nc e hate speech definit ion Holo c au s t d e n i a l pr i s on s e nt e nc e s c r i me s a g a i n s t hu m a n it y as background to ICCPR, Article 2 0 (2) criminal intent a nd a d vo c a c y a nd C E R D and European Court of Human R i g ht s e x p e r t opi n ion a nd h at re d Hu m a n R i g ht s C om m it t e e IC C PR a nd i nc it e me nt 212 k now le d ge i nt e nt 212

3 386 criminal intent (cont.) mu lt iple re qu i re me nt s of o bl iqu e i nt e nt 212 prov i n g s t at e pr a c t ic e C ro at i a C y pr u s 47, 270, C z e c h R e pu bl ic C z e c ho s lov a k i a 4 2, 8 4 D a n i s h c a r t o on s c a s e, see D e n m a rk defamation of religion, contradictory d e ve lopme nt s i n U N 6 9 d e fi nition of terms as issue for IC C PR denial of historical atrocities a s a bu s e of r i g ht s Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime, Concerning the Criminalisation of Acts of a Racist and Xenophobic Nature Committed through Computer Sy s t e m s C E R D C ou nc i l of E u rop e Hu m a n R i g h t s C o m m i t t e e moderate risk assessment n at ion a l l aw s a g a i n s t non-pu bl ic t r ut h a s no le g a l d e fe nc e D e n m a rk 47, , , 2 2 2, , , 2 62, 2 6 4, 3 4 5, 352 c a r t o on s c a s e ICERD Article 4 and complaints re. re l i g iou s h at re d Mu s l i m s, h at e s p e e c h a g a i n s t i n d i s c r i m i n at ion i n IC C PR d i s m i s s a l s a s p e n a lt ie s e c onom ic c ont e x t of re l i g iou s h at re d , E c u a dor 2 01 E g y pt E s ton i a 27 7, E u rop e a n C om m i s sion a g a i n s t Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) 167, European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) A r t A r t. 17 a bu s e of r i g ht s c l au s e 14 6, comparison with ICCPR and ICERD g u i l lot i ne appro a c h indirect abuse of rights approach l a c k of i nc it e me nt c l au s e merits of Art. 10 complaints, jud g me nt s on or g a n i z e d h at re d pr i s on s e nt e nc e s pr i v at e l i fe, re s p e c t for protection from incitement, right to (ECHR) community work as penalties 363 c ont e nt of s p e e c he s c ont e x t of re l i g iou s h at re d d i s m i s s a l s a s p e n a lt ie s e x t e nt of s p e e c h fi ne s a s p e n a lt ie s Holo c au s t d e n i a l a nd i nt e nt or g a n i z e d h at re d pr i s on s e nt e nc e s , i nc it e me nt role a nd p o s it ion of s p e a k e r s s e i z u re s a nd c on fi scations as p e n a lt ie s s e t t i n g of s p e e c h societal context of religious hatred wrongful hate speech convictions, re me d ie s for

4 387 E u rop e a n Un ion Guidelines on the Promotion and Protection of Freedom of Religion or Belief 195 hate speech, definition of 167 incitement, defin it ion of 167 Ev a n s, C a rol y n e x t e nt of s p e e c h 2 4 4, e x t re me s p e e c h d i le m m a of l i b e r a l s t at e s 1 4 fear of abuse as dominating ICCPR drafti n g IC C PR d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s IC C PR prov i s ion s U DH R d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s Universal Declaration of Human R i g ht s (U DH R) Fa r r ior, S. 19, 21, , 51, 79, 335 fascism and UDHR drafting d i s c u s s ion s fear of abuse as dominating ICCPR drafti n g fi ne s a s p e n a lt ie s Fi n l a nd 47, 2 8 0, for fe it u re s a s p e n a lt ie s Fr a nc e 2 5, 4 0, 4 2, 47, 5 8, , , , , 219, , 2 29, 2 4 8, , , 2 61, 2 6 6, 2 6 8, 2 8 6, , , 3 4 6, 355, 35 8, , G ay s s ot Ac t (Fr a nc e) 2 81 IC C PR a me nd me nt IC C PR d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s U DH R d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s 2 3, 2 5 Fr a s e r, D av id f re e s p e e c h, IC C PR prov i sion s f re e dom of e x pre s sion contradictory developments in Un it e d Nat ion s 6 9 d i le m m a of l i b e r a l s t at e s 1 4 E C H R A r t fear of abuse as dominating ICCPR drafti n g IC C PR d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s U DH R d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s Universal Declaration of Human R i g ht s (U DH R) US/UK v. Poland/USSR/Chile in ICCPR drafti n g d e b at e G ay s s ot Ac t (Fr a nc e) 2 81 genocide, denial of a s a bu s e of r i g ht s Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime, Concerning the Criminalisation of Acts of a Racist and Xenophobic Nature Committed through Computer Sy s t e m s C E R D C ou nc i l of E u rop e Hu m a n R i g ht s C om m it t e e mo d e r at e r i s k a s s e s s me nt n at ion a l l aw s a g a i n s t non-pu bl ic t r ut h a s no le g a l d e fe nc e G e or g i a 2 01 G e r m a ny 4 0, 52, 5 8, , 155, 19 9, , , 270, , 2 82, 2 8 4, 29 6, 29 8, , , 329, , , 35 8, 3 62 Ghana and human rights under ICCPR A r t. 2 0 (2) 8 4 c ont e x t of re l i g iou s h at re d C ou nc i l of E u rop e E C R I f re e dom of e x pre s sion Hu m a n R i g h t s C o m m i t t e e a nd i nc it e me nt 3 03 Johannesburg Principles on National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to I n for m at ion n at ion a l l aw s a g a i n s t G re e c e 47, , 118, 12 0, , , 2 5 0, 270, 3 4 5

5 388 g roup h at re d d e fi ned 317 European Convention on Human R i g ht s (E C H R) IC C PR IC E R D a s m a n-m a d e 317 pu n i s h me nt for i nc it e me nt 3 47 s t at e pr a c t ic e G u y a n a 8 8, 2 01 h at e s p e e c h d e fi ne d , 167 l aw s h at re d d e fi n it ion a nd i nt e nt re l i g iou s, d e fi ne d see also or g a n i z e d h at re d Holo c au s t, t he as background to ICCPR, Article 2 0 (2) d e n i a l of a s a bu s e of r i g ht s Ad d it ion a l P rot o c ol to the Convention on Cybercrime, Concerning the Criminalisation of Acts of a Racist and Xenophobic Nature Committed through Computer Sy s t e m s C E R D C ou nc i l of E u rop e d e fi ned Human Rights Committee moderate risk assessment n at ion a l l aw s a g a i n s t National Socialism Prohibition Act (Austria) 281 non-pu bl ic t r ut h a s no le g a l d e fe nc e homosexuals, hatred against , 2 01 ho s t i l it y, d e fi ne d i n IC C PR Human Rights Committee c ont e x t of re l i g iou s h at re d Holo c au s t d e n i a l ICCPR Art. 20(2), human rights u nd e r i nd i v idu a l c om mu n ic at ion s a nd i nt e nt mandatory, ICCPR Article 20(2) a s ne e d for le g i s l at ion pr i s on s e nt e nc e s i nc it e me nt , s t at e re p or t i n g pro c e du re s t y p e s of p ena lt ie s p er m it te d human rights under ICCPR Art. 20(2) b e ne fit s a nd re le v a nc e of D a n i s h c a r t o on s c a s e Holo c au s t, d e n i a l of Hu m a n R i g ht s C om m it t e e i nd i v idu a l c om mu n ic at ion s Muslims, hate speech cases in D e n m a rk Rom a c a s e i n G re e c e t e le phon ic r a c i s t me s s a ge s c a s e t e x t u a l a n a l y s i s travaux préparatoires Wi ld e r s c a s e (p e nd i n g ) Hu n g a r y 53, , 2 8 0, 2 83, 2 8 8, , 3 4 5, 3 47 Ic e l a nd i m m i ne nc e of h a r m , , , 2 4 8, , , i mpr i s on me nt , i nc it e me nt d e fi n it ion , 167, a nd g lor i fication of religious v iole nc e 3 03 to h at re d l aw s a nd i nt e nt 212 le g a l t h re s hold of 165 pu bl ic n at u re of 2 0 0

6 389 see also actus reus of the incitement offence ; judgment of incitement ; legal nature of incitement prohibition ; origins of incitement prohibition ; punishment for incitement i nt e nt a nd a d vo c a c y , , , a nd C E R D and European Court of Human R i g ht s e x p e r t opi n ion a nd h at re d Hu m a n R i g h t s C o m m i t t e e IC C PR to i nc it e a nd i nc it e me nt 212 k now le d ge 212 mu lt iple re qu i re me nt s of o bl iqu e 212 prov i n g s t at e pr a c t ic e International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (IC E R D) 69 Article 4 appl ic at ion of conviction of hate speech offe nd e r s e ff ective investigation of c ompl a i nt s freedom from racist incitement IC C PR c omp a r i s on 13 0 legal standing for racist hate s p e e c h v ic t i m s a s m a nd at or y re l i g ion i n du e re g a rd c l au s e E C H R c omp a r i s on incitement, defin it ion of i nt e r s e c t ion a l it y or g a n i z e d h at re d p e n a lt ie s p e r m it t e d i nc it e me nt International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (C M W ) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) a bu s e of r i g ht s c l au s e A r t ic le 2 0 a dopt ion of types of penalties permitted 335, 337 A r t ic le 2 0 (2) see also human rights: under ICCPR Art. 20(2) a d vo c a c y d e fi ne d C M W c omp a r i s on c omp a r at i ve l aw c r i m i n a l i nt e nt e n g a ge me nt w it h, l a c k of 32 e x p e r t opi n ion fe a r s a nd c r it iqu e s of free/extreme speech prov i s ion s h at re d d e fi ne d hostility and violence defined in IC E R D c omp a r i s on 13 0 i mp or t a nc e of s t ud y i n g 4 6 incitement define d inciter, audience and target t r i a n g le 191 i nd i v idu a l c om mu n ic at ion s k e y t e r m s of a s m a nd at or y pro s c r i b e d re s u lt s religious hatred define d re s e r v at ion s e nt e re d 72 74, Second World War background to t e x t u a l a n a l y s i s 67 70, 81 82, travaux préparatoires 70 72, 82 85, U DH R c omp a r i s on 69 UN Human Rights C om m it t e e C h i le a n prop o s a l C h i ne s e prop o s a l

7 390 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (cont.) C old Wa r-re l at e d c on fl ict in d e b at e s d e fi n it ion a l i s s u e s d i s c r i m i n at ion i n d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s E C H R c omp a r i s on fe a r- dom i n at e d d e b at e fou r-p owe r a me nd me nt French Aust ra l ia n a mend ment h at e prop a g a nd a a r t ic le le g i s l at i ve p ot e nt i a l n at ion a l l i b e r at ion move me nt s 5 6 n i ne -p owe r a me nd me nt or g a n i z e d h at re d Pol i s h a me nd me nt public discourse, religious d i s c u s sion i n research, religious discussion i n si x t e e n-p owe r a me nd me nt 4 5 US/UK v. Poland/USSR/Chile in drafting d e b at e US SR prop o s a l 37 vot i n g on see also n at ion a l i nc it e me nt l aw i nt e r s e c t ion a l it y investigation of complaints under IC E R D A r t ic le I re l a nd 47, 83, 2 0 0, 271, I sr a e l 87, 2 81, 32 8 It a l y 47, 19 8, 2 8 0, , 33 0, 331, , Johannesburg Principles on National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to I n for m at ion judgment of incitement context of religious hatred C E R D 2 4 3, 2 4 4, clear and present and danger e le me nt s i n e x t e nt of s p e e c h 2 4 4, Holo c au s t d e n i a l Human Rights Committee i m me d i at e s u r rou nd i n g s 2 4 3, i m m i ne nc e of h a r m , , , 2 4 8, , , l i k e l i ho o d of h a r m , , , 2 4 8, , n at ion a l i nc it e me nt l aw person behind the speech act 2 4 3, 2 47 R a b a t Pl a n of Ac t ion , role a nd p o s it ion of s p e a k e r s s e t t i n g of s p e e c h socio-historical, economic a nd p o l it i c a l , 2 4 8, s t at e pr a c t ic e a s t ippi n g t he b a l a nc e v u l ne r a bi l it y of t a r ge t g roup s 2 39, 2 47, IC E R D A r t ic le i nt e nt a nd a d vo c a c y , , , a nd C E R D and European Court of Human R i g ht s e x p e r t opi n ion a nd h at re d Human Rights Committee IC C PR to i nc it e a nd i nc it e me nt 212 k now le d ge 212 mu lt iple re qu i re me nt s of o bl iqu e 212 prov i n g s t at e pr a c t ic e k now le d ge i nt e nt 212 Ky r g y z s t a n 3 4 5

8 391 L at v i a 2 3 4, legal nature of incitement prohibition E C H R a bu s e of r i g ht s c l au s e 14 6, A r t A r t , comparison with ICCPR and IC E R D f re e dom of e x pre s sion g u i l lot i ne appro a c h indirect abuse of rights approach l a c k of i nc it e me nt c l au s e merits of Art. 10 complaints, jud g me nt s on pr i v at e l i fe, re s p e c t for protection from incitement, right to ICCPR Article 20(2) see also hu m a n rights: under ICCPR Art. 20(2) c omp a r at i ve l aw c omp a re d t o C M W fe a r s a nd c r it iqu e s of i nd i v idu a l c om mu n ic at ion s a s m a nd at or y re s e r v at ion s e nt e re d 72 74, s t at e re p or t i n g pro c e du re s t e x t u a l a n a l y s i s travaux préparatoires UN Human Rights C om m it t e e IC E R D appl ic at ion of complaints re. religious hatred conviction of hate speech offe nd e r s e ff ective investigation of c ompl a i nt s freedom from racist incitement i nt e r s e c t ion a l it y legal standing for racist hate s p e e c h v ic t i m s a s m a nd at or y re l i g ion i n le g i s l at i ve p ot e nt i a l of IC C PR l i b e r a l s t at e s, d i le m m a of 1 4 l i b e r at ion move me nt s 5 6 L ie c ht e n s t e i n 2 3 6, 2 83, l i k e l i ho o d of h a r m , , , 2 4 8, , L it hu a n i a 155, 2 59, 2 82, 3 4 5, low-t h re s hold s p e e c h o ff ences bl a s phe my l aw s hate speech/incitement to hatred l aw s Lu xe m b ou r g 72, 2 83, M a c e don i a 2 01 M a l i k, Ke n a n 2 41 M a lt a 73, 2 01, 271, m a rk e t pl a c e of id e a s 1 2 me mor y l aw s Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) Hu m a n R i g ht s C om m it t e e see also d e n i a l of h i s tor ic a l at ro c it ie s mens rea, see i nt e nt M i l l, Joh n S t u a r t 2 Moldov a 2 33, 331, Mol n a r, Pe t e r , Mon a c o 3 4 4, 3 47 Mont e ne g ro Muslims, hate speech against in D e n m a rk n at ion a l i nc it e me nt l aw bl a s phe my l aw s c ont e x t of re l i g iou s h at re d hate speech/incitement to hatred l aw s i nt e nt low-t h re s hold s p e e c h o ff ences pro s c r i b e d re s u lt s pu bl ic n at u re of i nc it e me nt sanctions against incitement serious view of religion-based i nc it e me nt see also s t at e pr a c t ic e n at ion a l l i b e r at ion move me nt s 5 6

9 392 National Socialism Prohibition Act (Austria) 281 ne g at ion i s m, see denial of historical atrocities Ne t he rl a nd s 47, 5 8, 83, , , , , 2 31, 2 52, 2 53, 2 61, 332, 3 4 3, 3 4 6, 352, 35 4 Ne w Z e a l a nd 47, 76, 78, 3 4 3, c r i m i n a l i nt e nt i n IC C PR human rights under ICCPR Art. 2 0 (2) 83 reservation regarding ICCPR 2 0 (2) Nic a r a g u a 19 8 non- gove r n me nt a l or g a n i z at ion s (NGOs) in UDHR drafting d i s c u s s ion s 2 4 Nor w ay 47, , 2 35, , 3 4 5, 352 o bl iqu e i nt e nt 212 or g a n i z e d h at re d d e fi ned 317 European Convention on Human R i g ht s (E C H R) IC C PR IC E R D a s m a n-m a d e 317 pu n i s h me nt for i nc it e me nt 3 47 s t at e pr a c t ic e origins of incitement prohibition IC C PR a bu s e of r i g ht s c l au s e C h i le a n prop o s a l C h i ne s e prop o s a l C old Wa r-re l at e d c on fl ict in d e b at e s d e fi n it ion a l i s s u e s d r a ft i n g d i s c u s s ion s fe a r- dom i n at e d d e b at e fou r-p owe r a me nd me nt Fre nc h Au s t r a l i a n a me nd me nt le g i s l at i ve p ot e nt i a l national liberation movements 56 n i ne -p owe r a me nd me nt Pol i s h a me nd me nt public discourse, religious d i s c u s s ion i n research, religious discussion i n si x t e e n-p owe r a me nd me nt 4 5 US/UK v. Poland/USSR/Chile in drafti n g d e b at e US SR prop o s a l 37 vot i n g on U DH R d r a ft i n g d i s c u s s ion s on extreme speech and freedom of e x pre s s ion requisite or option, prohibition a s U DH R a nd e x t re me s p e e c h penalties for incitement, see pu n ish ment for incitement Pe r u , Ph i l ippi ne s 8 4 Pol a nd , 41, 4 2, 4 5, 55, 59, 2 31, 2 83, 327, 331, political context of religious hatred , 2 4 8, Por t u g a l 47, 114, , 2 82, 2 83, Preparatory Commission for the International Refugee O r g a n i z at ion 2 4 pr i s on s e nt e nc e s , pr i v at e l i fe, re s p e c t for i nc it e me nt public discourse, religious discussion i n pu bl ic n at u re of i nc it e me nt punishment for incitement administrative sanctions as a lt e r n at i ve t o c r i m i n a l a g g r av at i n g f a c tor s alternatives to imprisonment C E R D , c om mu n it y work 3 63 c omple x it y of d i s m i s s a l s a s p e n a lt ie s

10 fi ne s a s p e n a lt ie s Hu m a n R i g ht s C om m it t e e IC C PR 335, 337 or g a n i z e d h at re d 3 47 pr i s on s e nt e nc e s , prop or t ion at e s e i z u re s a nd c on fi scations as p e n a lt ie s s t at e pr a c t ic e types of penalties permitted wrongful hate speech convictions, re me d ie s for R a b at Pl a n of Ac t ion 19 4, 213, , 2 4 4, 3 4 0, 3 4 8, religious defamation/insult laws religious hatred define d Religious Tolerance Declaration 188 r e s e a rc h, r e l i g i ou s d i s c u s s i on i n Rom a G re e k c a s e prot e c t ion of Rom a n i a 53, 331 Russia 150, 232, 304, 305, 320, , 345 S a n M a r i no 7 7 sanctions against incitement administrative sanctions as a lt e r n at i ve t o c r i m i n a l a g g r av at i n g f a c tor s a lter nat ives to i mpr ison ment C E R D , c om mu n it y work 3 63 c omple x it y of d i s m i s s a l s a s p e n a lt ie s fi ne s a s p e n a lt ie s Hu m a n R i g ht s C om m it t e e IC C PR 335, 337 pr i s on s e nt e nc e s , s e i z u re s a nd c on fi scations as p e n a lt ie s s t at e pr a c t ic e types of sanctions permitted wrongful hate speech convictions, re me d ie s for Santa Lucia 271 S c h a b a s, W i l l i a m 2 3 Second World War as background to IC C PR s e i z u re s a nd c on fi scations as penalties S e r bi a , , s e t t i n g of s p e e c h s e x u a l or ie nt at ion , 2 01 Si n g ap ore 271, S lov a k i a 87, 2 01, 2 29, 2 63, 2 67, 2 83, S love n i a 75, 8 8, societal context of religious hatred , 2 4 8, s o ft law policies as alternative to c r i m i n a l l aw S out h A f r ic a 2 8, 291 C on s t it ut ion of 19 8 human rights under ICCPR Art. 20(2) 84 U DH R d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s Sp a i n 47, 114, 27 7, , s t at e pr a c t ic e c ont e x t of re l i g iou s h at re d , l aw s a g a i n s t human rights and ICCPR Art. 20(2) i nt e nt or g a n i z e d h at re d pr i s on s e nt e nc e s re p or t i n g pro c e du re s , sanctions against incitement UN Human Rights Committee see also n at ion a l i nc it e me nt l aw Swe d e n 41, 47, 179, 319, Sw it z e rl a nd 87, 2 83 t e le phon ic r a c i s t me s s a ge s c a s e t e r ror i s m, see g lor i fication of religious violence

11 394 Th or nb e r r y, Pat r ic k , Tu rk e y 155, , , 19 9, 2 4 9, , 2 57, 2 6 0, 2 62, 2 6 4, , , , 3 4 5, , 359, 3 6 0, 3 62, U k r a i ne Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (US SR) 19, 2 2, 2 5, 37, 3 8, 4 2, 47, 4 8, 5 0, 52, 5 4, 55 B or i s ov prop o s a l IC C PR prop o s a l 37 U DH R d r a ft ing discussions , 2 5 Un it e d K i n gdom 41, 4 2, 47, 53, 5 4, 57, 59, 70, 15 0, , 2 61, , 32 5, 32 8, mu lt iple re qu i re me nt s of i nt e nt reservation regarding ICCPR 2 0 (2) U DH R d r a ft ing discussions 2 0, Un it e d Nat ion s c ont r a d ic t or y d e ve lopme nt s i n 6 9 Human Rights Committee context of religious hatred ICCPR Art. 20(2), human rights u nd e r i nd i v idu a l c om mu n ic at ion s a nd i nt e nt mandatory, ICCPR Article 20(2) a s ne e d for le g i s l at ion pr i s on s e nt e nc e s i nc it e me nt , s t at e re p or t i n g pro c e du re s types of penalties permitted Religious Tolerance Declaration 188 Un it e d S t at e s 37, 41, 4 2, 47, 51 52, 5 4, 5 8, 59, 272, 273, 32 3, 32 8 clear and present and danger human rights under ICCPR Art. 2 0 (2) 83 IC C PR A r t. 2 0 (2) 78 reservation regarding ICCPR 2 0 (2) 73 U DH R d r a ft i n g d i s c u s sion s 2 3 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) a bu s e of r i g ht s c l au s e A r t ic le 7 18 A r t ic le d r a ft i n g d i s c u s s ion s a nd e x t re me s p e e c h ICCPR Article 20(2) c o m p a r i s o n 6 9 i mple me nt at ion qu e s t ion s requisite or option, prohibition a s Ur u g u ay 27, 47, 4 9, v iole nc e d e fi ne d i n IC C PR aga i nst women, i ncitement of v u l ne r a bi l it y of t a r ge t g roup s 2 39, 2 47, Wilders, Geert, pending case c onc e r n i n g women, incitement of violence against World Je w i s h C on g re s s 39 wrongful hate speech convictions, re me d ie s for

P a g e 5 1 of R e p o r t P B 4 / 0 9

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