Radiometric Dating (tap anywhere)

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1 Radiometric Dating (tap anywhere)

2 Protons Neutrons Electrons

3 Elements on the periodic table are STABLE Elements can have radioactive versions of itself called ISOTOPES!! Page 1 in your ESRT has your list! Lets see how these elements become radioactive!!

4 Period Na Li H Rb Cs K (223) +1 Fr Group Be Mg Sr Ba Ca Ra La Y (226) (227) Sc Ac Ti Zr Hf 72 (261) Rf KEY V 23 * (262) Cr Nb Ta Periodic Table of the Elements Atomic Mass Symbol Atomic Number Electron Configuration Db Mo W (266) Sg C 7 Mn (98) Tc Re (272) Bh 107 Group Fe Ru Os (277) Hs Selected Oxidation States Relative atomic masses are based on 12 C = 12 (exact) Note: Numbers in parentheses are mass numbers of the most stable or common isotope. 9 Co Rh Ir (276) Mt Ni Pd Pt Cu Ag Au (281)Ds (280) Rg Zn Cd Hg (285) Cn B Al Ga In C Tl Si Pb Ge Sn (289) Uuq N P As Sb Bi O S Se Te (209) Po F Cl Br l (210) At He 2 2 Group (284) Uut 113** (288) Uup 115 (292) Uuh Ne (? ) Uus Ar Kr Xe (222) Rn (294) Uuo Ce Pr Nd 60 (145) Pm Sm Eu Gd Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U (237)Np (244) Pu (243) Tb Am (247) Cm (247) Bk (251)Cf (252) Es (257) Fm 100 (258) Md 101 (259) No 102 (262) Lr 103 *denotes the presence of (2-8-) for elements 72 and above **The systematic names and symbols for elements of atomic numbers 113 and above will be used until the approval of trivial names by IUPAC. Source: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 91 st ed., , CRC Press

5 Group B C N O Al Si P S

6 Most Carbon has...

7 Most Carbon has... 6 Protons 6 Neutrons

8 6 Protons 6 Neutrons C-12 Stable and Happy :-)

9 But sometimes, Carbon has... 6 Protons 6 Neutrons

10 But sometimes, Carbon has... 6 Protons 8 Neutrons

11 6 Protons 8 Neutrons C-14 Unstable and Unhappy :-(

12 C-14 is RADIOACTIVE

13 C-14 6 Protons 8 Neutrons

14 Group B C N O Al Si P S

15 Group B C N O Al Si P S

16 N-14 7 Protons 7 Neutrons

17 C-14 RADIOACTIVE N-14 DECAY Unstable Unhappy (Parent Isotope) Stable Happy (Daughter Product)

18 C-14 is really important, but there are others!

19 K-40 RADIOACTIVE Ar-40 DECAY Unstable Unhappy (Parent Isotope) Stable Happy (Daughter Product)

20 U-238 RADIOACTIVE Pb-206 DECAY Unstable Unhappy (Parent Isotope) Stable Happy (Daughter Product)

21 Rb-87 Unstable Unhappy (Parent Isotope) RADIOACTIVE DECAY Sr-87 Stable Happy (Daughter Product)

22 Parent Isotope = Radioactive

23 Daughter Product = Decay Product

24 So what?

25 So what? Radioactive decay happens at a predictable rate called a half-life.

26 Radioactive Decay Data RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE DISINTEGRATION HALF-LIFE (years) Carbon C 14 N Potassium K 40 Ar 40 Ca Uranium U 206 Pb Rubidium Rb 87 Sr Equations

27 It takes 5,700 years for half of a sample of C-14 to decay into N-14.

28 We can determine the age of a rock by looking at the ratio of the radioactive substance to it s product.

29 Example: How old is a rock that is made up of 50% C-14 and 50% N-14? Because there is half of each substance, 1 half-life has gone by. The half-life of C-14 is 5,700 years, so this rock is 5,700 years old.

30 C-14 is used to date relatively young (last 60,000 years), organic materials. (short half life) Potassium and Uranium are used to date older rocks (really long half life)!

31 C-14 is used to date Wooly Mammoth Hair < LAST HOME

32 Potassium and Uranium are used to date old fossils, like this trilobite < LAST HOME

33 You CANNOT change the half-life of a radioactive substance!!

34 On the graph provided, please plot a line to represent the decay of the C-14 and a second line to represent the growth of the N-14. Be sure to draw smooth, curving lines using a different color for each element. Include a key.! At each point show the number of half lives and the percentage of material remaining at that point.!

35 How old is this ancient skull?

36 Time Passed: 0 years # of Half Lives: 0 CARBON-14 (Radioactive Parent Material)! PERCENT: 100% ATOMS: 260 NITROGEN-14 (Stable Daughter Material)! PERCENT: 0% ATOMS: 0

37 Time Passed: 5,700 years # of Half Lives: 1 CARBON-14 (Radioactive Parent Material)! PERCENT: 50% ATOMS: 130 NITROGEN-14 (Stable Daughter Material)! PERCENT: 50% ATOMS: 130 < LAST HOME

38 Time Passed: 11,400 years # of Half Lives: 2 CARBON-14 (Radioactive Parent Material)! PERCENT: 25% ATOMS: 65 NITROGEN-14 (Stable Daughter Material)! PERCENT: 75% ATOMS: 195 < LAST HOME

39 Time Passed: 17,100 years # of Half Lives: 3 CARBON-14 (Radioactive Parent Material)! PERCENT: 12.5% ATOMS: 32.5 NITROGEN-14 (Stable Daughter Material)! PERCENT: 87.5% ATOMS: < LAST HOME

40 Time Passed: 22,800 years # of Half Lives: 4 CARBON-14 (Radioactive Parent Material)! PERCENT: 6.75% ATOMS: NITROGEN-14 (Stable Daughter Material)! PERCENT: 93.25% ATOMS: < LAST HOME

41 Time Passed: 28,500 years # of Half Lives: 5 CARBON-14 (Radioactive Parent Material)! PERCENT: 3.375% ATOMS: 8.25 NITROGEN-14 (Stable Daughter Material)! PERCENT: % ATOMS: < LAST HOME

42 Check your graph against the one on the following page. When you re done, complete the questions on the upcoming slides. Record your answers in the space provided on the lab sheet.!

43 300 Atoms of C-14 Atoms of N A t o m s Start 0 2 Half-lives (11,400) 4 Half-lives (22,800) 7 8 Number of Half-lives (how HOME many years have passed) < LAST

44 QUESTION #1

45 QUESTION #2

46 QUESTION #3

47 QUESTION #4

48 QUESTION #5

49 QUESTION #6

50 QUESTION #7

51 QUESTION #8

52 QUESTION #9

53 QUESTION #10

54 QUESTION #11

55 QUESTION #12

56 QUESTION #13 Here are some additional problems you can try if you finish this lab before other students are finsished.

57 QUESTION #14

58 QUESTION #15

59 QUESTION #16

60 QUESTION #17

61 QUESTION #18

62 QUESTION #19

63 QUESTION #20

64 QUESTION #21

65 QUESTION #22

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