Chapter: Geologic Time
|
|
- Madison Murphy
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 Table of Contents Chapter: Geologic Time Section 1: Life and Geologic Time Section 2: Early Earth History Section 3: Middle and Recent Earth History
3 1 Geologic Time Trilobites are small, hardshelled organisms that crawled on the seafloor. Life and Geologic Time They are considered to be index fossils because they lived over vast regions of the world during specific periods of geologic time.
4 1 Life and Geologic Time The Geologic Time Scale Paleontologists have been able to divide Earth s history into time units based on the life-forms that lived only during certain periods. This division of Earth s history makes up the geologic time scale.
5 1 Life and Geologic Time Major Subdivisions of Geologic Time Four major subdivisions of geologic time are used eons, eras, periods, and epochs. The longest subdivisions eons are based upon the abundance of certain fossils.
6 1 Life and Geologic Time Major Subdivisions of Geologic Time Next to eons, the longest subdivisions are the eras, which are marked by major, striking, and worldwide changes in the types of fossils present.
7 1 Life and Geologic Time Major Subdivisions of Geologic Time Eras are subdivided into periods. Periods are units of geologic time characterized by the types of life existing worldwide at the time. Periods can be divided into smaller units of time called epochs. Epochs are also characterized by differences in life-forms, but some of these differences can vary from continent to continent.
8 1 Life and Geologic Time Dividing Geologic Time Sometimes it is possible to distinguish layers of rock that formed during a single year or season. In other cases, thick stacks of rock that have no fossils provide little information that could help in subdividing geologic time.
9 1 Life and Geologic Time Organic Evolution The fossil record shows that species have changed over geologic time. This change through time is known as organic evolution. Organisms that are not adapted to changes are less likely to survive or reproduce. Over time, the elimination of individuals that are not adapted can cause changes to species of organisms.
10 Life and Geologic Time 1 Species Life scientists often define a species as a group of organisms that normally reproduces only with other members of their group.
11 1 Life and Geologic Time Natural Selection Charles Darwin was a naturalist who sailed around the world from 1831 to 1836 to study biology and geology.
12 1 Life and Geologic Time Natural Selection In his book, he proposed that natural selection is a process by which organisms with characteristics that are suited to certain environment have a better chance of surviving and reproducing than organisms that do not have these characteristics.
13 1 Life and Geologic Time Natural Selection Because many characteristics are inherited, the characteristics of organisms that are better adapted to the environment get passed on to offspring more often. According to Darwin, this can cause a species to change over time.
14 1 Natural Selection Within a Species A new characteristic becomes common in a species only if some members already possess that characteristic and if the trait increases the animal s chance of survival. Life and Geologic Time
15 1 Life and Geologic Time Artificial Selection By carefully choosing individuals with desired characteristics, animal breeders have created many breeds of cats, dog, cattle, and chickens. Natural selection explains how characteristics change and how new species arise.
16 1 Trilobites Life and Geologic Time The exoskeleton of a trilobite consists of three lobes that run the length of the body. The trilobite s body also has a head (cephalon), a segmented middle section (thorax), and a tail (pygidium).
17 1 Life and Geologic Time Changing Characteristics of Trilobites Paleontologists can use these different characteristics to demonstrate changes in trilobites through geologic time.
18 1 Life and Geologic Time Changing Characteristics of Trilobites These changes can tell you about how different trilobites from different periods lived and responded to changes in their environments.
19 1 Trilobite Eyes Life and Geologic Time Trilobite eyes show the result of natural selection.
20 1 Trilobite Eyes Life and Geologic Time In most species of trilobites, the eyes were located midway on the head a compromise for an organism that was adapted for crawling on the seafloor and swimming in the water. Over time, the eyes in trilobites changed. In many trilobite species, the eyes became progressively smaller until they completely disappeared.
21 1 Trilobite Eyes Life and Geologic Time Blind trilobites might have burrowed into sediments on the seafloor or lived deeper than light could penetrate. In other species, however, the eyes became more complex.
22 1 Trilobite Eyes Life and Geologic Time One kind of trilobite, Aeglina, developed large compound eyes that had numerous individual lenses. Some trilobites developed stalks that held the eyes upward.
23 1 Life and Geologic Time Trilobite Bodies The trilobite body and tail also underwent significant changes in form through time. It is thought that Olenellus, and other species that have so many body segments, are primitive trilobites.
24 1 Life and Geologic Time Fossils Show Changes Trilobite exoskeletons changed as trilobites adapted to changing environments. Species that could not adapt became extinct.
25 1 Plate Tectonics and Earth History Plate tectonics is one possible answer to the riddle of trilobite extinction. Life and Geologic Time By the end of the Paleozoic Era, sea levels had dropped and the continents had come together to form one giant landmass, the supercontinent Pangaea.
26 1 Life and Geologic Time Plate Tectonics and Earth History Because trilobites lived in the oceans, their environment was changed or destroyed. Not all scientists accept this explanation for the extinctions at the end of the Paleozoic Era, and other possibilities such as climate change have been proposed.
27 1 Question 1 Section Check Which of these geologic time subdivisions is longest? A. era B. eon C. epoch D. period
28 1 Answer Section Check The answer is B. Eons are the longest subdivisions of geologic time and are based upon the abundance of certain fossils.
29 1 Question 2 Section Check What is organic evolution? Answer Organic evolution is the change of species over time.
30 1 Question 3 Section Check is the process by which organisms with specific characteristics have a greater chance of surviving and reproducing than organisms that do not have those characteristics. A. Artificial selection B. Natural selection C. Organic evolution D. Predominance
31 1 Answer Section Check The answer is B. Charles Darwin wrote about the theory of evolution by natural selection in his book, The Origin of Species.
32 2 Early Earth History Precambrian Time Precambrian time is the longest part of Earth s history and includes the Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic Eons.
33 2 Early Earth History Precambrian Time Precambrian time lasted from about 4.5 billion years ago to about 544 million years ago.
34 2 Early Earth History Precambrian Time Although the Precambrian was the longest interval of geologic time, relatively little is known about the organisms that lived during this time. One reason is that many Precambrian rocks have been so deeply buried that they have been changed by heat and pressure.
35 2 Early Earth History Precambrian Time In addition, most Precambrian organisms didn t have hard parts that otherwise would have increased their chances to be preserved as fossils.
36 2 Early Life Many studies of the early history of life involve ancient stromatolites. Early Earth History Stromatolites are layered mats formed by cyanobacteria colonies.
37 2 Early Life Early Earth History Cyanobactreia are blue-green algae thought to be one of the earliest forms of life on Earth. They contained chlorophyll and used photosynthesis. During photosynthesis they produced oxygen, which helped oxygen become a major atmospheric gas.
38 2 Early Life Early Earth History Animals without backbones, called invertebrates, appeared toward the end of Precambrian time. Because these early invertebrates were softbodied, they weren t often preserved as fossils. Because of this, many Precambrian fossils are trace fossils.
39 2 Early Earth History Unusual Life-Forms A group of animals with shapes similar to modern jellyfish, worms, and soft corals was living late in Precambrian time. This group of organisms has become known as the Ediacaran fauna. Ediacaran animals were bottom dwellers and might have had tough outer covering like air mattresses.
40 2 Early Earth History The Paleozoic Era An abundance of organisms with hard parts, such as shells, marks the beginning of the Paleozoic Era. The Paleozoic Era, or era of ancient life, began about 544 million years ago and ended about 248 million years ago.
41 Early Earth History 2 Paleozoic Life Many of the life-forms scientists know about were marine, meaning they lived in the ocean. Trilobites were common, especially early in the Paleozoic. Other organisms developed shells that were easily preserved as fossils. Vertebrates, or animals with backbones, also evolved during this era.
42 2 Early Earth History Paleozoic Life Armored fish with jaws lived during the Devonian Period. By the Devonian Period, forests had appeared and vertebrates began to adapt to land environments, as well.
43 2 Life on Land Early Earth History Paleontologists know that many ancient fish had lungs as well as gills. Lungs enabled these fish to live in water with low oxygen levels when needed they could swim to the surface and breathe air. One kind of ancient fish had lungs and leglike fins, which were used to swim and crawl around on the ocean bottom.
44 2 Life on Land Early Earth History Paleontologists hypothesize that amphibians might have evolved from this kind of fish.
45 2 Life on Land Today amphibians live in a variety of habitats in water and on land. They all have at least one thing in common, though. They must lay their eggs in water or moist places. Early Earth History
46 2 Life on Land Early Earth History By the Pennsylvanian Period, some amphibians evolved an egg with a membrane that protected it from drying out. These animals, called reptiles, no longer needed to lay eggs in water. Reptiles also have skin with hard scales that prevent loss of body fluids. This adaptation enables them to survive farther from water in relatively dry climates.
47 2 Several mountainbuilding episodes occurred during the Paleozoic Era. The Appalachian Mountains, for example, formed during this time. Early Earth History Mountain Building
48 2 Early Earth History Mountain Building The first mountain-building episode occurred as the ocean separating North America from Europe and Africa closed. Several volcanic island chains that had formed in the ocean collided with the North American Plate. The collision of the island chains generated high mountains.
49 2 Early Earth History Mountain Building The next mountain-building episode was a result of the African Plate colliding with the North American Plate. When Africa and North America collided, rock layers were folded and faulted. Sediments were uplifted to form an immense mountain belt, part of which still remains today.
50 2 Early Earth History End of an Era At the end of the Paleozoic Era, more than 90 percent of all marine species, and 70 percent of all land species died off.
51 2 Early Earth History End of an Era Near the end of the Permian Period, the continental plates came together and formed the supercontinent Pangaea. Mountain-building processes caused seas to close and deserts to spread over North America and Europe. Many species, especially marine organisms, couldn t adapt to these changes, and became extinct.
52 2 Early Earth History Other Hypotheses During the late Paleozoic Era, volcanoes were extremely active. If the volcanic activity was great enough, it could have affected the entire globe. Perhaps a large asteroid or comet collided with Earth some 248 million years ago. Perhaps the extinction was caused by several or all of these events happening at about the same time.
53 2 Question 1 Section Check Which was the longest period of geologic time? A. Paleozoic Era B. Pennsylvanian Period C. Phanerozoic Eon D. Precambrian Time
54 2 Answer Section Check The answer is D. Precambrian Time was the longest period of geologic time, lasting about 4 billion years.
55 2 Question 2 Section Check are blue-green algae and are thought to be one of the earliest forms of life on Earth. A. Amphibious plants B. Cyanobacteria C. Dickensonia D. Trilobites
56 2 Answer Section Check The answer is B. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms containing chlorophyll.
57 2 Question 3 Section Check Animals without backbones are called. A. exvertebrates B. invertebrates C. neovertebrates D. nonvertebrates
58 2 Answer Section Check The answer is B. The proper term for animals without backbones is invertebrates.
59 3 Middle and Recent Earth History The Mesozoic Era The Breakup of Pangaea The Mesozoic Era, or era of middle life, was a time of many changes on Earth. At the beginning of the Mesozoic Era, all continents were joined as a single landmass called Pangaea.
60 3 Middle and Recent Earth History The Mesozoic Era The Breakup of Pangaea Pangaea separated into two large landmasses. The northern mass was Laurasia, and Gondwanaland was the southern landmass. Click image to view movie.
61 3 Middle and Recent Earth History The Mesozoic Era The Breakup of Pangaea Reptile s skin helps it retain bodily fluids. This characteristic, along with their shelled eggs, enabled reptiles to adapt readily to the drier climate of the Mesozoic Era. Reptiles became the most conspicuous animals on land by the Triassic period.
62 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Dinosaurs Dinosaurs ranged in height from less that 1 m to enormous creatures like Apatosaurus and Tyrannosaurus. Throughout the Mesozoic Era, new species of dinosaur evolved and other species became extinct.
63 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Dinosaurs Were Active Some dinosaur tracks indicate that these animals were much faster runners than you might think. Gallimimus could reach speeds of 65 km/h.
64 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Dinosaurs Were Active Some studies also indicate that dinosaurs might have been warm blooded, not cold blooded like present-day reptiles. Slices through some cold-blooded animal bones show rings similar to growth rings in trees. The bones of some dinosaurs don t show this ring structure.
65 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Good Mother Dinosaurs The fossil record also indicates that some dinosaurs nurtured their young and traveled in herds in which the adults surrounded their young.
66 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Good Mother Dinosaurs One such dinosaur is Maiasaura. This dinosaur built nests in which it laid eggs and raised its offspring. Nests have been found in relatively close clusters, indicating that more than one family of dinosaurs built in the same areas. Some fossils of hatchlings have been found near adult animals, leading paleontologists to think that some dinosaurs nurtured their young.
67 3 Birds Middle and Recent Earth History Birds appeared during the Jurassic Period. Some paleontologists think that birds evolved from small, meat-eating dinosaurs. The earliest bird, Archaeopteryx, had wings and feathers.
68 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Mammals Mammals first appeared in the Triassic Period. The earliest mammals were small, mouselike creatures.
69 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Mammals Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates that have hair covering their bodies. The females produce milk to feed their young. These two characteristics have enabled mammals to survive in many changing environments.
70 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Gymnosperms During most of the Mesozoic Era, gymnosperms dominated the land. Gymnosperms are plants that produce seeds but not flowers. These include pines and ginkgo trees.
71 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Angiosperms Angiosperms, or flowering plants, first evolved during the Cretaceous Period. Angiosperms produce seeds with hard outer coverings. Because their seeds are enclosed and protected, angiosperms can live in many environments. Angiosperms are the most diverse and abundant land plants today.
72 3 Middle and Recent Earth History End of an Era The Mesozoic Era ended about 65 million years ago with a major extinction of land and marine species. Many paleontologists hypothesize that a comet or asteroid collided with Earth, causing a huge cloud of dust and smoke to rise in the atmosphere, blocking out the Sun.
73 3 Middle and Recent Earth History End of an Era Without sunlight the plants died, and all animals that depended on these plants also died. All the organisms that you see around you today are descendants of the survivors of the great extinction at the end of the Mesozoic Era.
74 3 Middle and Recent Earth History The Cenozoic Era The Cenozoic Era, or era of recent life, began about 65 million years ago and continues today. The Cenozoic Era is subdivided into two periods. The first of these is the Tertiary period. The present-day period is the Quaternary Period. It began about 1.8 million years ago.
75 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Times of Mountain Building Many mountain ranges formed during the Cenozoic Era. These include the Alps in Europe and the Andes in South America.
76 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Times of Mountain Building The Himalaya formed as India moved northward and collided with Asia. The collision crumpled and thickened Earth s crust, raising the highest mountains presently on Earth.
77 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Further Evolution of Mammals Throughout much of the Cenozoic Era, expanding grasslands favored grazing plant eaters like horses, camels, deer, and some elephants. Many kinds of mammals became larger.
78 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Further Evolution of Mammals Not all mammals remained on land. Ancestors of the present-day whales and dolphins evolved to live in the sea.
79 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Further Evolution of Mammals As Australia and South America separated from Antarctica during the continuing breakup of the continents, many species became isolated. They evolved separately from life-forms in other parts of the world.
80 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Further Evolution of Mammals Evidence of this can be seen today in Australia s marsupials. Marsupials are mammals such as kangaroos, koalas, and wombats that carry their young in a pouch.
81 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Further Evolution of Mammals Your species, Homo sapiens, probably appeared about 140,000 years ago. Some people suggest that the appearance of humans could have led to the extinction of other mammals. As their numbers grew, humans competed for food that other animals relied upon.
82 3 Question 1 Section Check During which time period did Pangaea separate? A. Devonian B. Mississippian C. Permian D. Triassic
83 3 Answer Section Check The answer is D. Pangaea separated into two large landmasses, Laurasia and Gondwanaland, during the Triassic Period.
84 3 Question 2 Section Check The era of recent life is the. A. Cenozoic Era B. Mesozoic Era C. Paleozoic Era D. Precambrian Time
85 3 Answer Section Check The answer is A. The Cenozoic Era began about 65 million years ago.
86 3 Question 3 Section Check What were the dominant land animals of the Mesozoic Era? A. Dinosaurs B. Gymnosperms C. Predatory fish D. Trilobites
87 3 Answer Section Check The answer is A. Dinosaurs were the dominant land animals of the Mesozoic Era. Gymnosperms were the dominant plants.
88 Help To advance to the next item or next page click on any of the following keys: mouse, space bar, enter, down or forward arrow. Click on this icon to return to the table of contents Click on this icon to return to the previous slide Click on this icon to move to the next slide Click on this icon to open the resources file. Click on this icon to go to the end of the presentation.
89 End of Chapter Summary File
Geologic time. 8 th Grade
+ Geologic time 8 th Grade + Trilobites n Trilobites are small, hard-shelled animals that lived in ancient seas. Trilobites are considered to be index fossils. n Index fossils lived over vast regions of
More informationEarth Science Ch. 14 Geologic Time. What is geologic time?
Earth Science Ch. 14 Geologic Time What is geologic time? The division of Earth s history into time units back to 4.6 b.y.a. Usually based on the life-forms that lived during certain periods May be based
More informationGeologic Time. Early Earth History
chapter 10 3 Geologic Time section 2 Early Earth History Before You Read Think of a picture of a volcano you have seen. Describe what Earth would be like if the land were almost completely covered with
More informationEras of Earth's History Lesson 6
Eras of Earth's History Lesson 6 May 24 8:42 PM What happened in the Paleozoic Era? What happened in the Mesozoic Era? What happened in the Cenozoic Era? May 24 8:55 PM 1 I. What happened in the Paleozoic
More informationNotes on Life & Geologic Time Name:
Notes on Life & Geologic Time Name: S.W.B.A.T Explain how time can be divided into units Relate changes of Earth s to divisions on the geologic time scale Describe how plate tectonics affects Geologic
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationSpring th Grade
Spring 2015 8 th Grade The geologic time scale is a record of the major events and diversity of life forms present in Earth s history. The geologic time scale began when Earth was formed and goes on until
More informationPage 143: Geologic Time
Page 143: Geologic Time Divide pages 144-147 in 6 One for each box: Hadeon Eon Archeon Eon Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Mississipian Period Pennsylvanian
More informationGeological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE
Geological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) 1 DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE 2 Imagine putting everything that has happened on Earth into a one hour time frame! 3 12:00am
More information5 Time Marches On. TAKE A LOOK 1. Identify What kinds of organisms formed the fossils in the picture?
CHAPTER 6 5 Time Marches On SECTION The Rock and Fossil Record BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do geologists measure time? How has life changed
More informationHow do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes.
Unit 1B Lesson 4 History of Life on Earth How do we learn about ancient life? Paleontologists scientists that studies fossils Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era EVOLUTION. beginning of life is called. to. PRECAMBRIAN TIME.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era 1. Where is the geologic history of Earth recorded? 2. What kind of information can scientists get from the types of rock
More information2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale
CHAPTER 8 2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale SECTION The History of Life on Earth BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What kinds of organisms evolved
More informationModule 9: Earth's History Topic 3 Content: A Tour of Geologic Time Notes
The geologic time scale holds secrets to the life that has existed on Earth since the beginning of time. It is time for you to take a journey through the history of Earth. 1 Click on each of the segments
More informationWhat is the Earth s time scale?
Earth History What is the Earth s time scale? The Geological time scale is a record of the life forms and geological events in Earth s history. Scientists developed the time scale by fossils world wide.
More informationEarth s Evolution Through Time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Earth s Evolution Through Time Earth 9 th edition Chapter 22 Earth s evolution: summary in haiku form Super-continents have come and gone many times: giant bumper cars.
More informationThe Eras of the Earth In this lesson, we will study the changes that have taken place on the earth since it was formed 4.5 billion years ago. There have been big changes in the temperature of the land,
More informationFossils. Name Date Class. A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary
Name Date Class A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary Fossils Guide for Reading How do fossils form? What are the different kinds of fossils? What does the fossil record tell about organisms and
More informationLinks to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale
Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale http://www.bonnechere.ca/naturalhistory.htm http://comp.uark.edu/~sboss/geotime.htm http://www.britannica.com/ebchecked/media/1650/the-geologic-time-scale-from-650-million-years-ago-to
More informationUse Target Reading Skills
The Geologic Time Scale (pp. 286 297) This section tells why the geologic time scale is used to show Earth s history, and what the organisms were like and the major events that happened in the different
More informationGeologic Time. What have scientists learned about Earth s past by studying rocks and fossils?
Name Geologic Time What have scientists learned about Earth s past by studying rocks and fossils? Before You Read Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about geologic time Record your
More informationEarth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
More informationEarth History. What is the Earth s time scale? Geological time Scale. Pre-Cambrian. FOUR Eras
The Earth is 4.6 billion years old! Earth History Mrs. Burkey ESS Cy Creek HS 17-18 If the Earth formed at midnight 6:00 am First life appears 10:00 pm First animals/plants on land 11:59 pm First humans
More informationMesozoic Era 251 m.y.a 65.5 m.y.a
Mesozoic Cenozoic notes.notebook Mesozoic & Cenozoic 251 m.y.a Present at the end of the Permian, 90% of marine organisms and more than 70% of land organisms died. because resources and space were readily
More informationVisualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. The Ever-Changing Earth. Early Life. Evolution and the Fossil Record. Life in the Phanerozoic Eon
Visualizing Earth Science By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner Chapter 11 A Brief History of Life on Earth Chapter Overview The Ever-Changing Earth Early Life Evolution and the Fossil Record Life in the Phanerozoic
More information4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth.
Objectives 4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth. 5) Describe the types of organisms that arose during the four major divisions of the geologic time scale. Each layer of
More informationEARTH S HISTORY. What is Geology? logy: science. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its:
EARTH S HISTORY 1 What is Geology? Geo: earth logy: science Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its: composition, structure, and physical properties. 2 1 Geologists study: the origin
More informationGeologic Time. The Cenozoic Era. 7. Mammals evolved after dinosaurs became extinct.
Geologic Time The Cenozoic Era Key Concepts What major geologic events occurred during the Cenozoic era? What does fossil evidence reveal about the Cenozoic era? What do you think? Read the two statements
More informationSection 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )
Name Class Date Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time
More informationThe Phanerozoic Eon. 542 mya Present. Divided into 3 Eras The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras
542 mya Present The Phanerozoic Eon Divided into 3 Eras The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras The ends of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras were marked by mass extinctions The Cenozoic Era is still
More informationTopic 7: Historical Geology
Topic 7: Historical Geology (ES. 8 b, 9 a-e, 10 a-d, 12 a, b, e) ES.8 The student will investigate and understand geologic processes including plate tectonics. Key concepts include: b) processes (faulting,
More informationThe History of Life. Fossils and Ancient Life (page 417) How Fossils Form (page 418) Interpreting Fossil Evidence (pages ) Chapter 17
Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time scale that is used
More informationHistory of Life on Earth
Lesson 4 The History of Life on Earth ESSENTIAL QUESTION How has life on Earth changed over time? By the end of this lesson, you should be able to describe the evolution of life on Earth over time, using
More information3. The diagram below shows how scientists think some of Earth's continents were joined together in the geologic past.
1. The map below shows the present-day locations of South America and Africa. Remains of Mesosaurus, an extinct freshwater reptile, have been found in similarly aged bedrock formed from lake sediments
More informationWarm Up Name the 5 different types of fossils
Warm Up Name the 5 different types of fossils Timeline that organizes the events in Earths history. Earth is about 4.7 billion years old. More complex organism such as land plants and fish evolved only
More informationEvolution. Darwin s Voyage
Evolution Darwin s Voyage Charles Darwin Explorer on an observation trip to the Galapagos Islands. He set sail on the HMS Beagle in 1858 from England on a 5 year trip. He was a naturalist (a person who
More informationClues to the Past. Grades 6-8 Educational Program Guide
Clues to the Past Grades 6-8 Educational Program Guide OAS Science Practices: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 Program Overview The Clues to the Past program will introduce students to several 300 million years old
More informationHOW OLD IS THE EARTH ANYWAYS?
HOW OLD IS THE EARTH ANYWAYS? EXAMINING THE CONCEPT OF GEOLOGIC TIME Did you ever wonder about all of the things that have ever happened on Earth and how old it really is? As it turns out, Mother Earth
More informationChapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. Explosion
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Chapter Wrap-Up Geologic Time Ancient Earth The Cambrian Explosion How have natural events changed Earth over time? What do you think? Before you begin,
More informationMajor geological events fit into a timeline, beginning with the formation of the Earth
Chapter 4 Major geological events fit into a timeline, beginning with the formation of the Earth 4.1 The origin and development of life William Smith was a canal engineer who supervised the excavation
More informationScience Data Representation Questions: Strategies and Sample Questions
Science Data Representation Questions: Strategies and Sample Questions Focus on understanding what information is given. Review any additional information given (descriptive paragraphs, headings, scale
More informationSection 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )
Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils? What
More informationEarth s s Geologic History
The Earth s s Geologic History and The Earth s s Interior Earth s s Geologic History Geologic timescale Divides Earth s s history into relative time periods Relative dating based on: (apply for entire
More informationChapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages )
Name Class Date Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages 417-422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils?
More informationClues to Earth s Past. Fossils and Geologic Time
Clues to Earth s Past Fossils and Geologic Time Fossils A. Paleontologists study fossils and reconstruct the appearance of animals. Fossils B. Fossils remains, imprints, or traces of prehistoric organisms
More informationName Class Date. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle.
Chapter 17 The History of Life Chapter Vocabulary Review Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Across 2. time span shorter than an era, such as Quaternary
More informationGeologic Time on a Strip of Paper
Geologic Time on a Strip of Paper Introduction The Earth is 4,600,000,000 years old. That s 4.6 billion years! But what does this mean? This activity is designed to help you get a feel for the age of the
More informationEarth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era
Earth s History Video Clip Earth s History Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Scientists have put together a timeline of Earth s history
More information17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40
1 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about past life is called the fossil record. The fossil record includes
More informationFOSSILS Uncovering Clues to the Earth s Past
FOSSILS Uncovering Clues to the Earth s Past Fossils form when water replaces the cells of dead animals or plants with minerals. These minerals then petrify into rock to form the fossils we see in museums.
More informationFossils & The Geologic Time Scale
Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale Fossils Preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past. Fossils are formed when organisms die and are buried in sediment. Eventually the sediment builds
More informationChapter 19. History of Life on Earth
Chapter 19 History of Life on Earth Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Chapter 19 Section 3: Evolution of Life Key Vocabulary Terms Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Cyanobacteria Photosynthetic prokaryotes Adapted
More informationThe History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn
14 The History of Life section 1 Fossil Evidence of Change Before You Read Throughout Earth s history, many species have become extinct. On the lines below, name some organisms that have become extinct.
More informationBio94 Discussion Activity week 3: Chapter 27 Phylogenies and the History of Life
Bio94 Discussion Activity week 3: Chapter 27 Phylogenies and the History of Life 1. Constructing a phylogenetic tree using a cladistic approach Construct a phylogenetic tree using the following table:
More informationGeologic Time. Looking at the Past
Geologic Time sections 1 Life and Geologic Time 2 Early Earth History Lab Changing Species 3 Middle and Recent Earth History Lab Discovering the Past Virtual Lab What geologic evidence supports the existence
More informationUnit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
How Rocks and Fossils Tell a Story Sedimentary rock forms in layers. Many sedimentary rocks contain fossils. The oldest rock layers are at the bottom, and the youngest rock layers are at the top. The relative
More informationThe Environment and Change Over Time
The Environment and Change Over Time Fossil Evidence of Evolution What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if
More informationSummary The Fossil Record Earth s Early History. Name Class Date
Name Class Date Chapter 17 Summary The History of Life 17 1 The Fossil Record Fossils are preserved traces and remains of ancient life. Scientists who study fossils are called paleontologists. They use
More informationClassification Flow Chart
Classification Flow Chart THINGS To classify plants, see page warm 8 cold 6 9 7 air 0 water dry skin, eggs on land moist skin, eggs in water = the five classes of vertebrates eggs pouch placenta classification
More informationGeologic Time. What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old.
Geologic Time There are 2 kinds: What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old.) Relative Age The age compared to the ages of other
More information17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40
2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about
More informationGeologic Time. Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina
Geologic Time Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina The Geologic Time Scale Objectives Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era,
More informationName Class Date. 2. What first appeared on Earth during Precambrian time? a. dinosaurs b. mammals c. life d. humans
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: Eras of the Geologic Time Scale 1. What are the four biggest eras in geologic history? a. Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic b. Precambrian, Prehistoric,
More informationA brief history of the Earth!
A brief history of the Earth! The Geologic Time Scale Age of the Earth Hadean Eon Hadean Eon (4.57-3.85 Gyrs) Hell on Earth: 4.527 Gyrs formation of Moon 4.5 Gyrs - magma ocean, differentiation of core,
More informationFossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time.
Section 1: Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the similarities and differences between
More informationQuestion #1: What are some ways that you think the climate may have changed in the area where you live over the past million years?
Reading 5.2 Environmental Change Think about the area where you live. You may see changes in the landscape in that area over a year. Some of those changes are weather related. Others are due to how the
More informationCycles in the Phanerozoic
Cycles in the Phanerozoic Evolutionary trends: extinctions, adaptive radiations, diversity over time Glaciations Sea level change Ocean chemistry Atmospheric CO 2 biosphere Mass extinctions in the..you
More informationFinal Revision G8 Biology ( ) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Final Revision G8 Biology ( 2017-2018 ) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1 A species is a group of similar organisms that A can mate with each
More informationWhat is Evolution? Evolution Unit Vocabulary. Answer: Evidence of Evolution. What is a Gene Pool? Change over time.
What is Evolution? Evolution Unit Vocabulary Practice Quiz Change over time. Evidence of Evolution The gradual development of something, especially from simple to more complex. Can be big or very small
More informationIn the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches the term or phrase.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: The Changing Continents 1. What is the result of slow movements of tectonic plates? RESHAPING EARTH S CRUST In the space provided, write the letter of the definition
More information15.3 Darwin Presents his Case. Biology Mr. Hines
15.3 Darwin Presents his Case Biology Mr. Hines Darwin returned to England with a wealth of new data. He brought many specimens from the Galapagos to further his studies and to present his data to others.
More informationUnit 5: Earth s History Practice Problems
Name: Date: 1. Which bedrock would be most likely to contain fossils? A. Precambrian granite B. Cambrian shale C. Pleistocene basalt D. Middle-Proterozoic quartzite 6. Base your answer(s) to the following
More informationClassification of organisms. The grouping of objects or information based on similarities Taxonomy: branch of biology that classifies organisms
Bell Work: Think about your CD, video game, DVD or book collection at home. How would you separate this collection into different groups? What would the groups be? Try to come up with 4 or 5. Classification
More informationOutline. Origin and History of Life
Origin and History of Life Chapter 19 Primitive Earth Origin of First Cells Fossils The Precambrian The Paleozoic The Mesozoic The Cenozoic Continental Drift Mass Extinctions Outline 1 2 The Primitive
More informationObjectives. Vocabulary. Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era, period, and epoch.
The Geologic Time Scale Objectives Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era, period, and epoch. Vocabulary geologic time scale eon era period
More informationThe History of Life on Earth
CHAPTER 9 VOCABULARY & NOTES WORKSHEET The History of Life on Earth By studying the Vocabulary and Notes listed for each section below, you can gain a better understanding of this chapter. SECTION 1 Vocabulary
More informationMOR TIME TEACHERS. ONCE UPON A TIME Activity Overview BIG IDEA
MOR TIME 04 Activity Overview BIG IDEA OBJECTIVE BACKGROUND The geologic time scale can be challenging for students to understand. This activity explores how scientists divide the Earth s long history
More informationA Trip Through Geologic Time
Date Class _ A Trip Through Geologic Time Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 1. Late in the Paleozoic Era, the supercontinent Pangaea formed.
More informationGEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD
GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD NAME Multiple Choice 1. Fossils are most commonly found in A. sedimentary rocks. B. metamorphic rocks. C. igneous rocks. D. all kinds of rocks.
More informationUnit 6: Interpreting Earth s History
Unit 6: Interpreting Earth s History How do we know that the Earth has changed over time? Regent s Earth Science Name: Topics Relative Dating Uniformitarianism Superposition Original Horizontality Igneous
More informationCauses of Extinction
Causes of Extinction Extinction the process through which a species disappears from Earth, when the birth rate is less than the death rate. When a species becomes extinct, it no longer exists, which can
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It also shows how different
More informationName Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches the term or phrase.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: The Changing Continents 1. What is the result of slow movements of tectonic plates? RESHAPING EARTH S CRUST In the space provided, write the letter of the definition
More information7. Where do most crustaceans live? A. in the air B. in water C. on the land D. underground. 10. Which of the following is true about all mammals?
1 A flounder is a type of fish The flounder can change its color to match the surroundings If a shark approaches, the flounder lays still, blending into the sandy ocean bottom This is known as 2 Which
More informationThe Geological Time Scale. Geological time scaled to a cross-country tour of Canada.
Dryden The Geological Time Scale Geological time scaled to a cross-country tour of anada. The universe came into existence about 14 billion years ago, through an explosion known as the "big bang". ur galaxy
More informationChapter 10 Study Guide SECTION 1: Early Ideas about Evolution
NAME Chapter 10 Study Guide SECTION 1: Early Ideas about Evolution BIOLOGY PREAP/GT Match each scientist with the statement that best reflects his ideas about evolutionary theory. 1. Linnaeus a. Species
More information.Biology Chapter 14 Test: The History of Life
Class: Date:.Biology Chapter 14 Test: The History of Life True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. On the geologic time scale, an eon is longer than an era. 2. The oblong shape of
More informationSection 1: How Did Life Begin? Chapter 19: History of Life on Earth. Section 2: The Age of Earth
Chapter 19: History of Life on Earth Section 1: How Did Life Begin? I. The Basic Chemicals of Life A. 1920s B. Earth s early oceans contained large amounts of organic molecules C. Molecules formed spontaneously
More informationA. camouflage B. hibernation C. migration D. communication. 8. Beetles, grasshoppers, bees, and ants are all.
1. A flounder is a type of fish. The flounder can change its color to match the surroundings. If a shark approaches, the flounder lays still, blending into the sandy ocean bottom. This is known as. 2 Which
More informationSCIENCE SAMPLER ~ Geology ~ Unit 4 of 5
College Guild PO Box 6448, Brunswick ME 04011 SCIENCE SAMPLER ~ Geology ~ Unit 4 of 5 1 Over the past three units we have learned about the birth of the universe, the laws of nature, and the structure
More informationEvolution Common Assessment 1
Evolution Common Assessment 1 1. The field of biology that includes the study of the origin of new species through time is known as 5. A. biochemistry B. evolution C. ecology D. embryology 2. Evidence
More informationHistory of life on Earth Mass Extinctions.
History of life on Earth Mass Extinctions. Agenda or Summary Layout A summary of the topics discussed 1 2 3 4 Explanation of Mass extinctions The five major mass extinctions Two particular extinctions
More informationRevision Based on Chapter 19 Grade 11
Revision Based on Chapter 19 Grade 11 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Most fossils are found in rusty water. volcanic rock. sedimentary
More informationGeologic Time. Geologic History and the Evolution of Life
Geologic Time Geologic History and the Evolution of Life What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree
More informationOrigin of an idea about origins
Origin of an idea about origins Biological evolution is the process of change during the course of time because of the alteration of the genotype and the transfer of these altered genes to the next generation.
More informationUnsaved Test, Version: 1 1
Name: Key Concepts Select the term or terms that best complete the statement. A. algae and bacteria B. Cretaceous Extinction C. fossil record D. mass extinction E. multicellular organism F. Permian Extinction
More informationAfter you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
CHAPTER 10 1 Change Over Time SECTION The Evolution of Living Things 7.3.c, 7.3.d California Science Standards BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
More informationName Test Date Hour. forms that lived only during certain periods. abundant and widespread geographically. changes to the surface of Earth.
Name Test Date Hour Earth Processes#3 - Notebook Earth s History LEARNING TARGETS I can explain the lack of evidence about the Precambrian Time. I can describe possible causes for the mass extinction in
More informationCHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Dr. Bertolotti
CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE Dr. Bertolotti Essential Question: HOW DO FOSSILS HELP BIOLOGISTS UNDERSTAND THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH? WHAT DO FOSSILS REVEAL ABOUT ANCIENT LIFE? FOSSILS AND ANCIENT
More informationTales of the Past. Source: Sci-ber Text with the Utah State Office of Education
Tales of the Past Source: Sci-ber Text with the Utah State Office of Education http://www.uen.org/core/science/sciber/trb4/downloads/literacy4.pdf Do you like mystery and intrigue? Do you like to do detective
More information