Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era
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1 Earth s History
2 Video Clip
3 Earth s History Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Scientists have put together a timeline of Earth s history called a Geologic Timeline (Geologic Time Scale). These timelines show us when species evolved and the length of time between those divergences.
4 Each Era, Period, and Epoch mark major events in evolutionary history. Think of a geologic timeline like a history timeline that shows earth s historical achievements.
5 Earth s Formation: Precambrian 4.6 Billion Years ago Formed from interstellar gas & dust into molten planet Earth s early atmosphere was hostile, made of carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, nitrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, hydrochloric acid, etc. Volcanic eruptions No free oxygen No water
6 Asteroids continually struck the Earth, eventually bringing water vapor to the planet. Earth s surface began to cool around 4.0 billion years ago
7 As Earth s surface began to cool, the water condensed, forming our oceans. Clouds formed, producing enormous volumes of rainwater. Cooling also created Earth s rugged, rocky surface. Despite this cooling, the atmosphere was still toxic, void of life, and considerably warm.
8 Estimated first life: 3.5 billion years ago. Early earth contained all the ingredients to make up organic molecules, such as DNA (C,H,O,N,P) Cyanobacteria In the primordial soup of the early seas, organic molecules concentrated, formed more complex molecules, and became very, VERY, simple cells. First life on Earth: Cyanobacteria unicellular prokaryotes!!
9 Remember at this time, oxygen (in breathable form) is still not available! For half a billion years, single-celled bacteria existed in harsh environments with no breathable oxygen available. 3.0 Billion Years ago: Photosynthetic cyanobacteria run out of chemical food and begin to do photosynthesis! This introduces breathable oxygen to the planet! CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose) + O 2
10 With the introduction of oxygen, life began to get more complex within the oceans. 2 billion years ago: Eukaryotes (multi-celled life) arose.
11 The Importance of Oxygen! Once cyanobacteria started doing photosynthesis and releasing oxygen (as a by-product) into the atmosphere, it allowed for larger more complex organisms to evolve. The new oxygen in the atmosphere = protective ozone from UV rays! Allowed plants and other organisms to evolve OUT of the ocean safely onto land.
12 Evolution onto Land Plants need nitrogen in order to thrive on land The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen is only found as a gas on Earth Bacteria (microbes), converted the nitrogen from gas to solid so plants could take it up through their roots. Then bacteria convert nitrogen back to a gas
13 4.6 billion years ago Formation of Earth & oceans The first life- prokaryotic, eukaryotic, then soft-bodied animals. Rodinia super continent forms & breaks up.
14 570 million years ago Invertebrates, fishes, amphibians and plants become widespread The first vertebrate animals colonized land! Pangea supercontinent formed. Cambrian Explosion Explosion of new species of all varieties
15 Age of reptiles & dinosaurs! 245 million years ago Continental Drift occurs creating continents we have today. Lush, flowering plants evolved, providing food for the growth of huge reptiles and dinosaurs. End of the Mesozoic Era is marked by huge increases in volcanic activity
16 Age of mammals & humans! 65 million years ago Glacial Ice Age occurred during this era Glaciers in North America formed the great lakes and the mountain ranges. Without dinosaurs around, smaller mammals (including humans) were allowed to flourish We are still in the Cenozoic era today!
17 Throughout the history of life on Earth there have been some mass extinctions (rapid decreases in the biodiversity on Earth) 1 st : Early Paleozoic era sea life was drastically reduced. 2 nd : Mid-Paleozoic era ¾ of all sea life affected. 3 rd : Late-Paleozoic era 96% of species died out. All life currently on Earth today is descended from the 4% of survivors. 4 th : Early Mesozoic era climate change results in major loss of species. 5 th : Late Mesozoic death of the dinosaurs.
Earth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago
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