Geologic Time. What have scientists learned about Earth s past by studying rocks and fossils?

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1 Name Geologic Time What have scientists learned about Earth s past by studying rocks and fossils? Before You Read Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about geologic time Record your thoughts in the first column Pair with a partner, and discuss his or her thoughts Write those thoughts in the second column Then record what you both would like to share with the class in the third column Date Think Pair Share Chapter Vocabulary Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 NEW eon era period epoch mass extinction land bridge geographic isolation NEW Paleozoic era Mesozoic era Cenozoic era inland sea coal swamp supercontinent NEW dinosaur plesiosaur pterosaur REVIEW evaporated NEW Holocene epoch Pleistocene epoch ice age glacial groove mega-mammal ACADEMIC hypothesize Geologic Time 103

2 Lesson 1 Geologic History and the Evolution of Life Scan Lesson 1 Then write three questions that you have about geologic history in your Science Journal Try to answer your questions as you read Developing a Geologic Time Line Organize units of geologic time from longest to shortest Longest Shortest Categorize units of time in the Phanerozoic eon Eras Periods Phanerozoic Explain the relationship among fossils, rock layers, and the divisions of the geologic time scale 104 Geologic Time

3 Lesson 1 Geologic History and the Evolution of Life (continued) Responses to Change Identify the cause of a mass extinction Cause: Effect: many species on Earth become extinct within a short period of time Cite an example of a catastrophic event linked to a mass extinction Contrast 2 ways that geography can affect evolution Precambrian Time Land Bridge Geographic Isolation Identify the 3 eons of Precambrian time Geologic Time 105

4 Lesson 1 Geologic History and the Evolution of Life (continued) Identify Precambrian life-forms Analyze the effects of the Cambrian explosion on the fossil record There was a sudden appearance of First organisms to have These These hard parts left more were more easily in the Explain three ways that geologic time units compare with the time units you use to organize events in your life 106 Geologic Time

5 Lesson 2 The Paleozoic Era Predict three facts that will be discussed in Lesson 2 after reading the headings Record your predictions in your Science Journal Early Paleozoic Summarize the extent of the Paleozoic era The Paleozoic era lasted for, from mya to mya Characterize the Early Paleozoic era in the organizer below Early Paleozoic organisms without all living in called the Contrast the Early Paleozoic era with the present Life on land Amount of land mass Then Now Point out the differences between present-day North America and the same landmass during the Paleozoic era Geologic Time 107

6 Lesson 2 The Paleozoic Era (continued) Middle Paleozoic Characterize the Middle Paleozoic era in this organizer called the Insects and first green appeared on Middle Paleozoic divided into the and earliest organisms with periods Identify the cause of the formation of the Appalachian Mountains Late Paleozoic Cause: Characterize the Late Paleo zoic er a called the Late Paleozoic divided into the and Effect: Added land heaved upward and formed the Appalachian Mountains and then the first periods appeared 108 Geologic Time

7 Lesson 2 The Paleozoic Era (continued) Sequence the development of coal in coal swamps 1 grew in swamps along 2 When died, they into 3 Plant matter changed into over time Define Pangaea, and explain its formation Summarize possible causes of the Permian mass extinction Possible Cause Related Effect Formation of Pangaea Meteorite impact Volcanic eruption Summarize the overall evolution of life forms during the Paleozoic era Geologic Time 109

8 Lesson 3 The Mesozoic Era Scan Lesson 3 Read the lesson titles and bold words Look at the pictures Identify three facts that you discovered about the Mesozoic era Record your facts in your Science Journal Geology of the Mesozoic Era Arrange the periods of the Mesozoic era in the table below Periods of the Mesozoic Era from mya to mya Organize information about the breakup of Pangaea Pangaea began to break apart in Southern continent: Northern continent: would become the modern continents of would become the modern continents of Sequence the events that formed the Atlantic Ocean 1 The climate was during the Mesozoic 2 rose 3 Pangaea began 4 flowed onto 5 formed 6 As continents, the channels became 110 Geologic Time

9 Lesson 3 The Mesozoic Era (continued) Categorize salt deposits in North America Salt Deposits left when sources of today sources of today Explain the geologic changes in North America during the Mesozoic North America moved westward and with landmasses on an ancient Mesozoic Life In the west the crust forming the, In the southwest formed In the middle of the continent a warm formed Compare and contrast dinosaurs with modern crocodiles Dinosaur shared Both Modern Crocodile Geologic Time 111

10 Lesson 3 The Mesozoic Era (continued) Compare and contrast the archaeopteryx with presentday birds Archaeopteryx Both Modern Bird beak Identify 3 types of Mesozoic reptiles Land Sea Air Describe the size of Mesozoic mammals Sequence the likely events of the Cretaceous extinction event produced dust that plants died Summarize the overall evolution of life during the Mesozoic era 112 Geologic Time

11 Lesson 4 The Cenozoic Era Scan Lesson 4 Read the lesson titles and bold words Look at the pictures Identify three facts that you discovered about the Cenozoic era Record your facts in your Science Journal Geology of the Cenozoic Era Examine the extent of the Cenozoic era The Cenozoic era began at the end of the era, and million years ago, period of the today Organize information about the Cenozoic era below fossil and rock record Cenozoic most recent divided into periods divided into 5 epochs: divided into 2 epochs: Summarize Cenozoic mountain buil ding activity Range Activity Himalayas Alps Rockies Cascades Sierra Nevada Appalachians Geologic Time 113

12 Lesson 4 The Cenozoic Era (continued) Analyze why the ice age that occurred during the Pleistocene epoch resulted in more dry la nd Glaciers covered of land surfaces water was trapped Sea level Inland seas Cenozoic Life The Age of Mammals Order the evolution of life during the Cen ozoic era 1 Flowering trees and plants 2 A new type of plant,, appeared 3 New food sources allowed evolution of I f ound this on page 4 thrived, and the Cenozoic became known as Contrast the size of Cenozoic mammals with that of Mesozoic mammals Mesozoic Identify three examples of mega-mammals Cenozoic Geologic Time

13 Lesson 4 The Cenozoic Era (continued) Analyze the relationship between land bridges and evolution Summarize the evolution and migration of humans 1 Human ancestors appeared nearly years ago in 2 evolved during the epoch 3 Early migrated from to and 4 They later migrated to across a Identify t he cause of Pleistocene extinctions Cause: Effect: extinction of mega-mammals Describe the changes occurring on present-day Earth Explain h ow the Cenozoic fossil record differs from the Mesozoic and Paleozoic records and why Geologic Time 115

14 Review Chapter Wrap-Up Geologic Time Now that you have read the chapter, think about what you have learned Use this checklist to help you study Complete your Foldables Chapter Project Study your Science Notebook on this chapter Study the definitions of vocabulary words Reread the chapter, and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations Review the Understanding Key Concepts at the end of each lesson Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter Reread the chapter Big Idea and the lesson Key Concepts Write a description of how moving land masses and climate change have affected the evolution of life throughout Earth s history How are these factors likely to affect life on Earth in the future? Challenge On a long sheet of roll paper, draw a geologic time line to represent the Phanerozoic era, including all of its smaller units through the present Write a detail and include a picture for each unit of geologic time represented 116 Geologic Time

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