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1 Name: Key Concepts Select the term or terms that best complete the statement. A. algae and bacteria B. Cretaceous Extinction C. fossil record D. mass extinction E. multicellular organism F. Permian Extinction G. photosynthesis H. unicellular organism Date: 1. By examining the, scientists can identify the periods of time during which different species lived and died out. 2. A is made up of a single cell. 3. is the sudden disappearance of huge numbers of species. 4. During the, about 65 million years ago, dinosaurs and many other organisms became extinct. 5. The oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere came from in cyanobacteria. 6. The first life forms to live on land were. 7. All living things need water to survive. What were the first living things to move from the ocean to land? How did they adjust to life outside the ocean? Include some examples in your answer. Key Concepts Select the term that best completes the statement. A. adaptation B. Darwin C. isolation D. Lamarck E. observation F. over production G. population H. speciation 8. A group of individuals of the same species that live in a particular environment is a(n). 9. suggested that when giraffes stretched their necks to eat from tall trees, their offspring inherited this longer neck. 10. concluded that species evolve through natural selection. 11. A(n) is any inherited trait that gives an organism a better chance to survive in its particular environment. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 1

2 12. is the development of new species from an existing species. 13. of populations can lead to the evolution of new species. 14. Explain how Darwin used his hobby of pigeon breeding to help him develop the theory of natural selection. Use the following terms: breed, artificial selection, and reproduce. Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer. 15. A population usually declines in size when A. immigration into the population habitat increases B. population members have to compete for fewer resources C. the population's birth rate is higher than the death rate D. members of the population adjust to changes in their environment 16. Competition, predation, and disease A. limit population size B. usually cause extinction C. change the environment D. increase population size 17. The survival of a species depends on A. an environment with abundant resources B. the extinction of other species C. the ability to adapt to change D. an excessively high birth rate 18. Mass extinctions are often followed by A. catastrophic events B. smaller extinctions C. a loss of natural resources D. the appearance of new species 19. A species becomes extinct when A. one population dies out B. the last population dies out C. individuals stop evolving D. too many individuals emigrate 20. Explain what the terms immigration and emigration mean. How do birth, death, immigration, and emigration affect the population of squirrels living in a city park? Unsaved Test, Version: 1 2

3 Key Concepts If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true. 21. Plants and animals share a common vestigial organ. 22. The long bones that extend from the shoulder to the wrist of lizards, bats, and manatees are examples of similar structures with different functions. 23. The existence of vestigial organs genetic is evidencethat supports the theory of evolution. 24. Genes carry all the information that the cells of organisms use to produce inherited traits. 25. The DNA sequence charts of humans and mice are similar. This biological evidence indicates that they share a common ancestor. 26. Describe what biological and genetic evidence would support the idea that whales evolved from animals that lived on land. Use the terms ancestor, vestigial organ, and DNA sequence. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 3

4 Answer Key 1. C. fossil record 2. H. unicellular organism 3. D. mass extinction 4. B. Cretaceous Extinction 5. G. photosynthesis 6. A. algae and bacteria 7. 4 pointsfor a response that correctly (1) identifies the first living land-dwellers, (2) explains the adjustments, and (3-4) includes at least two examples. Sample: Bacteria and algae were the first organisms to move onto land. They probably remained in wet areas. The first plants on land had leaves that were covered with waxy substance that kept moisture inside. Insects were the first animals on land. They also had a waxy covering that prevented them from drying out. 3 points:correctly addresses three of the items above 2 points:correctly addresses two of the items above 1 point:correctly addresses one of the items above 8. G. population 9. D. Lamarck 10. B. Darwin 11. A. adaptation 12. H. speciation 13. C. isolation pointsfor a response that correctly describes how Darwin used his knowledge of breeding to develop the theory of natural selection and accurately uses all three terms Sample: One of Darwin's hobbies was breeding pigeons. He knew that breeders produce new varieties of animals over time by mating two animals with the same desired traits. This breeding process is called artificial selection. Darwin thought that a similar process was happening in nature. He reasoned that certain individuals among a species have traits that give them a better chance to survive. Therefore, these individuals will survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other members of the species. They pass on their useful traits to some of the next generation. He called this process natural selection. 3 points:correctly describes how Darwin used his knowledge of breeding to develop the theory of natural selection and accurately uses two of the three terms 2 points:partially describes how Darwin used his knowledge of breeding to develop the theory of natural selection and accurately uses one of the three terms 1 point:partially describes how Darwin used his knowledge of breeding to develop the theory of natural selection or accurately uses one of the three terms 15. B. population members have to compete for fewer resources 16. A. limit population size 17. C. the ability to adapt to change 18. D. the appearance of new species 19. B. the last population dies out Unsaved Test, Version: 1 4

5 20. 4 points for a response that correctly explains how population is affected by (1) birth, (2) immigration (with its definition), (3) death, and (4) emigration (with its definition) Sample: Immigration is the movement of individuals into a population. Emigration is the movement of individuals out of a population. Birth promotes growth in a population, and death promotes decline in a population. However, immigration may compensate for lack of birth, and promote growth. Likewise, emigration may compensate for lack of death, and promote decline. 3 points: correctly explains how population is affected by three of the four factors 2 points: correctly explains how population is affected by two of the four factors 1 point: correctly explains how population is affected by one of the four factors 21. False / ancestor 22. True 23. False / biological evidence 24. True 25. False / genetic evidence points for a response that correctly describes the biological and genetic evidence that would support the idea that whales evolved from land animals and accurately uses all three terms Sample: One piece of biological evidence that would support the idea that whales evolved from land animals is the existence of vestigial organs. Whales have small leg bones that are unused. Because legs are necessary only on land, one ancestor of the whale is likely a land animal. Genetic evidence would also indicate that whales evolved from certain land animals. Comparing the DNA sequence of whales and some land animals would show that they share a similar order. 3 points: correctly describes the biological and genetic evidence that would support the idea that whales evolved from land animals and accurately uses two of the three terms 2 points: partially describes the biological and genetic evidence that would support the idea that whales evolved from land animals and accurately uses one of the three terms 1 point: partially describes the biological and genetic evidence that would support the idea that whales evolved from land animals or accurately uses one of the three terms Unsaved Test, Version: 1 5

6 Standards Summary CA 7.4.e CA 7.5.a CA 7.3.e CA 7.4.g CA 7.1.d CA 7.3.a CA 7.3.b CA 7.3.d CA 7.3.c CA 7.2.c Students know fossils provide evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed. Students know plants and animals have levels of organization for structure and function, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism. Students know that extinction of a species occurs when the environment changes and that the adaptive characteristics of a species are insufficient for its survival. Students know how to explain significant developments and extinctions of plant and animal life on the geologic time scale. Students know that mitochondria liberate energy for the work that cells do and that chloroplasts capture sunlight energy for photosynthesis. Students know both genetic variation and environmental factors are causes of evolution and diversity of organisms. Students know the reasoning used by Charles Darwin in reaching his conclusion that natural selection is the mechanism of evolution. Students know how to construct a simple branching diagram to classify living groups of organisms by shared derived characteristics and how to expand the diagram to include fossil organisms. Students know how independent lines of evidence from geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy provide the bases for the theory of evolution. Students know an inherited trait can be determined by one or more genes. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 6