Study Guide: Basic Chemistry, Water, Life Compounds and Enzymes
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1 .~ Study Guide: Basic Chemistry, Water, Life Compounds and Enzymes 1. Lipids are good energy-storage molecules because a) the c sorb alar e amount of energy while maintaining a constant temperature the have many carbon-hydrogen bonds c) they are composed of many simp e sugars d) they cannot be broken down by enzymes 2. When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, the sodium ions are attracted to the oxygen atoms of water molecules are attracted to the hydrogen atoms 0 e water molecule c) are attracted to each other d) do not dissociate from the sodium chloride 3. What is a peptide bond? a) an amino acid glycerol group b) an amino acid hydrogen group 4. A monomer is a small, buildin block of a(n) a) atom b) molecule c) nucleus d) ion 5. Which of the following use polysaccharide for strength and structure?~ a) humans b) amebas c) animals ~ 6. The distinguishing feature of a polar molecule is its a even distribution of electrical charge b) uneven distribution of electrical charge c) even temperature d) uneven temperature 7. The element that readily bonds to itself, formi g long chains of macromolecules is a) hydrogen b) nitrogen c carbon d) oxygen 8. Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are a) monosaccharides b) disaccharides (C) polysaccharideu d) simple sugars 9. Water is an effective solvent because a) it is a polar molecule b) it dissolves ionic compounds c it dissolves other polar substances d All of the above. 10. The presence of four electrons in the outermost energy level of a carbon atom enables a) carbon atoms to form four covalent bonds with atoms of other elements b) carbon atoms to form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms c carbon atoms to form double bonds with other atoms d) All of the above 11. The breakdown of 01 ers into monomers occurs through a process known as a) hydrolysis b) con ensation c) dissociation d) removal of a functional group c) human energy sources d) food
2 13. Polysaccharides are giant polymers consisting of thousands of b) fat molecules c) ethers d) proteins 14. Table su ar is also known as sucrose. Sucrose is a common a) disaccharide b) monosaccharide c) cellulose d) carbonate 15. The attractive force between unlike particles such as water and glass is called a) cohesion b) condensation reaction (C)iiaheslOn~ d) hydrolysis 16. Organic compounds contain a) many kinds of elements except carbon b) only carbon c onl carbon and h dro en d) carbon and usually other elements 17. Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are a) monosaccharides ("6)polysaccharideu c) simple sugars d) disaccharides 18. w many electrons does the element carbon (Atomic Number 6) have? a) 6 b) 2 c) 8 d) The monomer of nucleic acids is called a(n) a) polymer b) fatty acid c) amino acid cfnucleotid0 20. The monomer 0 I saccharides is a) fatty acid b) glucose c) amino acid d) cohesion 21. The breaking apart of large molecules into smaller ones is called a) cohesion b) condensation reaction c) hydrolysd 22. This forms large molecules from mailer ones a) cohesion b) condensation reaction c) hydrolysis d) adhesion 23. The a tive force between like particles is called a) cohesion b) adhesion c) condensation d) hydrolysis 24. The monomer of a protein is called ~Lf--- a) glucose b) nucleotide c -...:: d) fatty acid 25. In a water molecule, a) all of the atoms have a slizht ositive charge ) the oxygen atom has a slight negative charge and the hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge c e oxygen atom has a slight positive c arge an e y ogen atoms ave a s 19 nega rve c arge d) all of the atoms have a slight negative charge 26. The number?f covalent bonds a car~m can form with other atoms is a)1 ", b)2 ~ d)8 27. Or anic compounds contain a) carbon and usually other elements o y car on c) many kinds of elements except carbon d) only carbon and hydrogen 28. What three elements make up all carbohydrates? a) nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon b) carbon, oxygen, and sulfur
3 29. A peptide is a compound consisting of two or b) lipids c) sugars d) steroids Special proteins that speed U~hemical reactions in a cell are called a) acids (6) enzymes c) sites d) casein 31. A compound that is stored as glycogen in animals and as a starch in plants is a) alcohol b) cellulose ~cose ~ d) phosphate 'ec 32. The most important function of nucleic acids is a) catalyzing chemical reactions b) storing energy 33. The breakdown of a polymer involves cafhydrolysil) b) the breaking of hydrogen bonds c) a dehydration synthesis reaction d) the breaking of ionic bonds 34. A covalent bond formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons is called a ~e bond b) double bond c) triple bond d) quadruple bond 35. Most enzymes a) are changed by the reactions they catalyze b) increase the activation energy of the reaction they catalyze c) stren hen the chemical bonds in their substrate are sensitive to changes in temperature or ph 36. Organic molecules that catal~ in living systems are a) phospholipids ) enzymes c) polysaccharides d) steroids 37. A bond that forms between a positively charged hydrogen atom of one molecule and a negative charged region of another moleculej ;:u:ll1d a) ionic bond ) hydrogen bond c) covalent bond d) basic bond 38. Water allows materials to rest on top of it because of a. high heat of vaporization b. ca illary action high surface tension none 0 tea ove I / A r -/p J r 5ll cis«(01l- ~~=-=-ound has a chemical composition most closely related to glycoge~ f b.atp c. protein d.rna 40. The smallest unit of a chemical element is called a(n) a. bond b. electron ~ d. nucleus 41. Which atomic partic1e(s) lack an electrical charge? a. proton b. electron 0. neutroio:) d. none of the above d. none of the above 43. Which atomic partic1e(s) are found in the nucleus of an atom? a. electrons only b. protons only c. electrons and neutrons Ilell JIML!:, d. protons and-electrons
4 45. After atoms gain or lose electrons, the are called a. molecules b. bonds c. ions. compounds 46. What is an ionic compound? a. water b. sugar c. carbon 47. A grou of covalently bonded atoms from a unit called a(n) a. molecule b. ion c. element d. chemical 49. A substance dissolved in water forms a (n) a. acid b. base c. molecule 50. Which indicates the strength of an acid or a base? a. periodic table b. litmus paper c. 51. Whi~ c:!u.,j. ~cfn:ln organic compound? a. NaCI b. CH4 d. all aren't organic 52. Small organic molecules that are linked to ether e up a(n) a. ion b. nitrogen c. polymer d. monomer 53. Which of the following is a disaccharide? a. fructose b. galactose c. glucose 54. A disaccharide is an example of a(n) ~ ~ a. lipid b. protein c. carbohydrate d. nucleic acid 55. The monomer of a pro~ l-ls.-!gj,~'ll as a (n) a. fatty acid. amino acid c. sugar d. base 56. Which molecules within a cel nsible for carrying hereditary information? a. amino acids b. nucleic acids c. fatty acids d. lipids 57. The substance produced as a result of a chemical r is called a(n) a. reactant b. nucleic acid c. product d. enzyme 58. A su at accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is a(n) a. catalyst b. lipid c. molecule d. element 59. In chemical bonding, atoms that shar ctrons form a. ionic bonds b. covalent bonds c. Ions d. elements ~ c. atoms d. elements t.tvee-of bond is formed when atoms transfer electrons? b. covalent c. molecular d. elemental
5 62. Because a molecule of water has a positive and negative end, it. 0 be a. ionic b. covalent c. nonpolar d. polar -: An acid H of a. below 7 b.o c. 7 d. above NaOH breaks into Na ions and OH ions when place in water. Th::;:isCJ! =-~ a. element b. solution c. acid d. base 65. The simplest carbohydrates are the a. nucleic acids enosacchar~c. disaccharides d. polysaccharides 66. Animals store excess carbohydrates as a. protein b. fat 6lyc~ge0 d. cholesterol 67. Proteins are ers made up of a. amino acids b. fatty acids c. glycerols d. nucleic acids 68. Nucleic acids are composed of units called a. amino acids b. fatty acids c. glycerols ([: nuclcic aci~ 69. In the chemical reaction Na + Cl, > NaC~ a. reactant b. protein ~ 70. The region on an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called a(n) a. substance. active site c. polar end d. base d. nucleus 71. Which enzyme below breaks down proteins? a. amylase ~ c. anhydrase d. catalase 72. Which of the factors below can affect enzyme function? a. ph b. temperature c. chemicals ~al~f the ~ MATCH THE MOLECULE WITH THE SUBUNIT THAT BUILDS IT: 73. /;; POLYSACCHARIDES eo -OH NIll>OGeN BASE C J 74. NUCLEIC ACIDS R-C-H, j} N-H 75. PROTEINS Ii A C
6 , Match the molecule with its description: I LIPIDS CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS 76. fmfe (ils made by joining amino acid subunits in long chains which provide a wide variety of functions in cells 77. _---6C,...LA--!('-'~=6"-!.A~y"""""';;...:...r;=JoU...\...(0='---- made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms H-/-tL, (-'-'/~=.l(-"c~...lib-'--"-'(/--->j.""".$=--- made from nucleotide subunits which store and carry information 79. ::.-L 4 1 /<-'!..-I J.""'i,,...~,-- fats, oils, waxes, & steroids made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms in long chains COMPARE: # of SUGARS it GIVE 3 EXAMPLES KINDS OF CARBOHYDRATES contains uti<u»e 80. MONOSACCHARIDES J- )Yu (/05e, Jw/~dose 81. POLYSACCHARIDES lho.ilj~ rnol'-( 11 :L- $.t<a, c'ciiu..~j(lcj/yvt'1'( 82. Reactants in an enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction are called _ A. polymers ~oducts CCosubstrates~ D. organics 83. Macromolecule that can act as enzymes are _ A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. Nucleic acids Crh protein0 84. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by the activation ene~ B. increasing the activation energy C. making more hydrogen bonds D. changing the ph of the solution 85. Proteins (like enzymes) unwind or when placed in extreme ph or temperature conditions. A. desensitize B. polymerize C. depolarize C.'denature ~
7 86. Enzymes Me _ A. used u during chemical reactio. unchanged during chemical reactions and reusable C. used to slow down chemica reactions D. all of the above 87. MATCH EACH COMPONENT IN THE ENZYME CATALYZED REACTION BELOW WITH ITS NAME BY WRITING THE LEITER help. ON THE LINE PROVIDED. Refer to page~.otyour 5"Jf book if you need PRODUCTS -=- ~SUBSTRATE ~ ACTIVE SITE _-=-P ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX ENZYME II 88. Which of the following enzymes would digest a fat? a. sucrase b. d. lipa~ 89. An enzyme that hydrolyzes protein will not act upon starch. This fact is an indication that enzymes Me a. h~dro~ CfTeciflC c. catalytic d. synthetic 90. Vitamins Me essential to the survival of organisms because vitamins usually function as a. substrates b. nucleic acids ~ coeilz)'li!es ~ d. nucleotides 91. Three am.ino acids not shown in the m.odules are diagram.m.ed below Alanine Threonine Asparagine
8 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QuESTIONS USING COMPLETE SENTENCES. 92. What is an organic compound? -I.. \ b (]A 0B afl / c CMl"r",~J ;5 rif"y [O"'frW/ Yh.~1cb/lr~/15 ear &A. -:"'"' 0_-
Study Guide: Basic Chemistry, Water, Life Compounds and Enzymes
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