Characteristics. Nucleoid Region single circular chromosome plasmids mesosome
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1 Prokaryotes
2
3 Characteristics Nucleoid Region single circular chromosome plasmids mesosome No membranebound organelles Ribosomes (70S) Plasma membrane Cell wall peptidoglycan Capsule glycocalyx Flagella Fimbriae Pili
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8 Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission: DNA replicates and the cell divides in two.
9 Genetic Recombination
10 Genetic Recombination Transformation: receives fragments of DNA from the environment
11 Genetic Recombination Transduction: DNA carried into a cell through viruses
12 Genetic Recombination Conjugation: exchange of DNA fragments
13 Classification Shape Gram stain reaction Oxygen requirements Feeding strategies
14 Shape Coccus: Spherical
15 Shape Bacillus: Rodshaped
16 Shape Helical: Spiralshaped
17 Shape Filamentous
18 Gram Stain
19 Gram Stain Bacteria are stained with a violet dye (Crystal violet) and iodine Rinsed in Alcohol Stained again with a red dye (Safranin) Results Violet = gram positive Red = gram negative
20
21 Oxygen Requirements Obligate aerobes Obligate anaerobes Facultative anaerobes
22 Feeding Strategies Based on energy and carbon sources Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs Photoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs
23 Feeding Strategies
24 Nitrogen Metabolism Nitrogen is needed for proteins and nucleic acids Nitrogen fixation - convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia Makes nitrogen available for other organisms
25 Classification
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27 Phylogeny of Prokaryotes
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29 Domain: Bacteria Group: Proteobacteria Salmonella bacillus shape, gram negative, facultative anaerobe Diarrhea, nausea (chicken and reptiles) Endotoxin caused by membrane
30 Domain: Bacteria Group: Proteobacteria E. coli bacillus shape, gram negative, facultative anaerobe Diarrhea Exotoxin releases proteins that cause illness
31 Domain: Bacteria Group: Chlamydias Chlamydia coccus shape & gram negative Causes blindness and is the most common STD in the US
32 Domain: Bacteria Group: Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Syphilis Helical, Gram negative, anaerobic but oxygen tolerant
33 Domain: Bacteria Group: Spirochetes Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme Disease Helical, Gram negative, low O 2 requirement
34 Group: Cyanobacteria Contains Chlorophyll A and phycocyanin Filamentous, no stain, facultative anaerobes Only organism on planet that can fix nitrogen and release oxygen pools Domain: Bacteria
35 Domain: Bacteria Group: Grampositive bacteria Clostridium Bacillus shape (doesn t stain) endospore Obligate anaerobes - exotoxins Causes gangrene, botulism
36 Domain: Bacteria Group: Grampositive bacteria Bacillus anthracis Bacillus shape (endospore) Aerobic Causes pustules, pneumonia
37 Domain: Bacteria Group: Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus Coccus shape & gram positve, anaerobic but are air tolerant Intestinal tract buttermilk, strep throat
38 Domain: Bacteria Group: Grampositive bacteria Staphylococcus coccus shape & gram positive, facultative anaerobe Most common type of food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome Dangerous in hospitals
39 Domain: Bacteria: Review Group: Proteobacteria Salmonella E. coli Group: Chlamydias Chlamydia Group: Spirochetes Treponema Borrelia Group: Cyanobacteria Oscillatoria Group: Grampositive bacteria Clostridium Bacillus anthracis Streptococcus Staphylococcus
40 Domain: Archaea Group: Methanogens methane releasing Group: Halophiles lives in high salt areas Group: Thermophiles lives in extreme temperatures
41 Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism both benefit Commensalism one benefits, the other is unharmed Parasitism one benefits at the other s expense
42 Bacteria and Disease Symptoms of disease Exotoxins - secreted by bacteria Endotoxins - components of the cell wall Pathogens Koch s Postulates
43 Koch s Postulates Isolate microorganism from dead animal Grow microorganism in pure culture Inject microorganism into healthy animal Microorganisms reproduce in animal Microorganisms are isolated again
44 Bioremediation Sewage Treatment Oil Spills
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Objectives 1.White book: Read Chap 3 & p 77-98 & 108 2.Black book: Read Chap 3 & p75-96 & 106 Objectives: 1. List metric measurement units for microorganisms and convert to other metric units (m, mm, um,