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1 BACTERIA BACTERIA

2 Bacteria are very small

3 Bacteria are very small compared to cells with nuclei (Eukaryotic cells)

4 This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria

5 CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA Bacteria are classified into two kingdoms. Eubacteria Archaebacteria

6 BACTERIA LIVE ALMOST EVERYWHERE Hot springs

7 Volcanic vents on the sea floor.

8 Chemosynthetic bacteria use the sulfur in the smoke for energy.

9

10

11 BACTERIA CAN LIVE WITH OR WITHOUT OXYGEN

12 BACTERIA WHERE: Everywhere--> *Food *soil *water *your BODY! AGE:...probably the oldest life form on Earth *fossil bacteria found in rocks 3.5 billion years old! DESCRIPTION: single-celled organism *prokaryotic WITHOUT A NUCLEUS

13 MORE BACTERIA! CLASSIFIED by SHAPE *COCCUS (round)

14 Coccus bacteria are sphere or ball shaped

15 CLASSIFIED by SHAPE -continued SPIRILLUM (spiral)

16 Spirillium bacteria have a corkscrew shape

17 CLASSIFIED by SHAPE -continued some more! Bacillus (rod)

18 Bacillus bacteria are rod or sausage shaped

19 These three shapes... usually form COLONIES, or GROUPS. DIPLO (pairs)

20 Colonies, continued... STREPTO (chains)

21 Colonies, continued... STAPHYLO (clusters)

22 Colonies, continued... TETRA (groups of four)

23 BACTERIA Names... given by the COLONY PREFIX and the SHAPE SUFFIX Examples STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTO= chains + COCCUS= round chains of round bacteria

24 BACTERIA THAT CAUSE DISEASE Some bacteria cause diseases. Disease causing bacteria are called pathogenic.

25 Diplo-bacteria occur in pairs, such as the diplococcus bacteria that causes a STD.

26 Staphylo - bacteria occur in clumps, such as this staphylococcus bacteria that causes common infections of cuts

27 A staph infection!

28 Streptobacteria occur in chains of bacteria, such as this streptococcus bacteria that causes some types of sore throats

29 STREP THROAT

30 WHITE BLOOD CELL ABOUT TO EAT A BACTERIA! What is the shape of the bacteria?

31 DENTAL CAVITIES

32 Helicobacter pylori is the pathogenic bacteria that can causes ulcers

33 Leprosy is a bacterial infection that decreases blood flow to the extremities resulting in the deterioration of toes, ears, the nose and the fingers.

34 TUBERCULOSIS

35 GRAM STAINING BACTERIA The Gram stain classifies bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative

36 The Gram Stain Gram-Positive THE CELLS WILL BE PURPLE Gram-Negative THE CELLS WILL BE RED

37 Gram Stain Gram-positive bacteria tend to be killed by penicillin and detergents. Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics.

38 Examples of Gram Stains Gram Positive Rods and Cocci Gram Negative Rods and Cocci

39 What color are the Gram positive bacteria? Figure 3.11b

40 BACTERIA Survival... --> Most bacteria obtain food from other living things (like us) --> some eat dead things -DECOMPOSERS --> some are PARASITES -. live off other living things *these may cause DISEASE *or may actually HELP the host! --> Example of helping Bacteria: Bacteria in your intestine helps with digestion and produces vitamin K.

41 Helpful BACTERIA -->FOOD PREPARATION butter I mean Yogurt! cheese fermentation

42 Harmful BACTERIA FOOD SPOILAGE Botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum Salmonella E. coli found in beef-->

43 Controlling the growth of BACTERIA How to limit BACTERIA REPRODUCTION ** TEMPERATURE High Heat (Pasteurization) *boil to make *steam heat kills bacteria **CHEMICALS *Bleach *iodine Louis Pasteur

44 Controlling the growth of BACTERIA (more!) ** Removing MOISTURE *No water, no bacteria! SALTING **RADIATION *use of radiation to zap bacteria!

45 Controlling the growth of BACTERIA (more!) ANTIBIOTICS

46 What are Antibiotics? Powerful medicines with one very important job: to fight disease-causing bacteria. They work by either killing bacteria or preventing growth and reproduction of bacteria When used properly, antibiotics can save lives.

47 BACTERIAL STRUCTURE

48 STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA Structure Cell Wall Gelatinlike capsule Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Chromosome Ribosome Flagellum Function Protects and gives shape Protects against antibodies Helps the bacteria stick to things. Regulates movement of materials Contains DNA, ribosomes, essential compounds Carries genetic information Makes proteins Moves the cell 48

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