IX. PRIMARY STEM STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT Bot 404 Fall 2004
|
|
- Alison Walsh
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 IX. PRIMARY STEM STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT Bot 404 Fall 2004 A. Shoot apex -plants have an open system of growth, therefore the ability (at least potentially) to continue growth because there is a meristem at the tip of each branch 1. Definitions -shoot apex = area above the base of youngest leaf; geographical term -promeristem = apical zone of undifferentiated cells; a meristem that gives rise directly to other meristems or to other, distinct parts of the same meristem; physiological term -both terms are useful; may coincide -other terms with no precise definition include: shoot tip, stem tip, growing point, vegetative tip 2. Evolution of apical meristems -in green algae (and other algae with multicellular bodies, e.g., reds, browns), no need to protect meristematic cells from drying out since plants are submerged -in terrestrial plants, the delicate meristematic cells or cells at the apex need protection from drying; two ways to do this a) by a mucilaginous covering secreted by glands; used by some terrestrial algae, some bryophytes, and some pteridophytes b) by a series of overlapping appendages that will form a dome over the apical meristem, enclosing it in a high humidity chamber (perhaps original function of leaves was to protect the apex, with photosynthesis a secondary function) 3. Patterns of shoot apex organization (DIAGRAM)
2 a) Apical mother cell -all cells in the shoot can be traced back to one cell -found in many algae, bryophytes, some pteridophytes b) Apical initials -all cells in the apex can be traced back to a group of cells -found in some pteridophytes (basically in all except for the ones with just one apical mother cell) c) Tunica-corpus -considerably more complex; originally limited to angiosperms (gymnosperms were defined as having cytohistological zonation) -now both gymnosperms and angiosperms are considered to have the same basic shoot apex organization -four zones are recognized: tunica, central mother cells, peripheral zone, and the pith-rib meristem; the latter three make up the corpus -tunica is usually uniseriate, but may have several to many layers; the cells usually divide only anticlinally, increasing surface area and giving rise to the protoderm; but if multiseriate, the inner layers may divide periclinally and contribute to the corpus -the central mother cells are analogous to the quiescent center of the root apical meristem; the cells are usually larger than those of other zones and cuboidal; cells in this zone divide more or less equally in all planes and make cells that go into the peripheral zone and pith-rib meristem -peripheral zone forms the cortex -pith-rib meristem forms the pith 4. Plastochron -plastochron = time between initiation of successive leaf primordia; also includes the changes in shoot apex size and shape during this period -during and just after leaf initiation, shoot apex is very small -as the next set of leaf primordia (or the next one) are arching over the apex, the apex is about mid-way in its expansion to greatest size -leaf primordium continues to grow, apex reaching maximum size and almost ready to produce a new leaf (or leaves), as indicated by the first few periclinal divisions that will produce the primordium(ia) -primordia are formed on shoot apex in a mathematically precise formula (phyllotaxy see Esau for details) -in monocots, leaf primordia typically attached 180 around the apex (wrapped around)
3 B. Primary stem structure 1. Basic structure in dicots (DIAGRAM) -basic pattern among plants is the same, variation is in the arrangement of vascular tisses -innermost layer of cortex may be an endodermis (suberized layer that keeps water from leaving the stele) 2. Concept of the stele -originally the term referred to the central core of the axis, including pith (if present), vascular tissue, interfascicular regions, and a bit of fundamental tissue on the periphery of the vascular system -current usage often refers only to the vascular system -vascular bundles--discrete strands of vascular tissue, usually xylem + phloem -why do xylem and phloem occur together? Not much work done on this. -phloem perhaps gets protection from being associated with the xylem or maybe mass flow works better with a ready water source 3. Stelar types a. Protostele vascular tissue is a solid core, with phloem surrounding xylem or the two are intermingled in strands/plates (don t need to know subtypes); no leaf gaps, no pith; found in pteridophytes including some ferns, roots of dicots and gymnosperms; common in fossil plants, the first type of stele to evolve b. Siphonostele in pteridophytes tubular stele (siphon = tube) with a pith (nonvascular core) present; leaf gaps may or may not be present; found in pteridophytes; 3 subtypes: i) ectophloic phloem only on the outside of the xylem; no leaf gaps ii) amphiphloic phloem on the inside and outside of xylem; leaf gaps present or not iii) dictyostele vascular tissue is dissected or broken up; phloem surrounds the xylem; interfascicular tissue indicates the leaf gaps
4 c. Siphonostele in seed plants -origin different from dictyostele of pteridophytes (non-homologous) -traces enter the leaves; leaf gaps are not homologous to those of pteridophytes a) eustele bundles arranged in a ring, with a pith, parenchymatous interfascicular regions in between the bundles; found in gymnosperms and dicots b) atactostele bundles are scattered (atacto = random, but the bundles are anything but random); may or may not be a pith; most common in moncots, but in a few dicots; considered most highly derived and complex stele 4. Bundle types a) collateral most common type in gymnosperms and angiosperms; general trend toward this type; phloem is toward the outside (abaxial side), xylem toward the inside; rare to find anything other than collateral bundles in the leaves of any plants b) bicollateral phloem on both sides of the xylem; in certain ferns and a few families of dicots [Apocynaceae (incl. Asclepiadaceae), Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Myrtaceae, Solanaceae, certain tribes of Asteraceae]; become converted to collateral bundles when they enter the leaf c) amphiphloic (amphicribral) phloem surrounds the xylem; common in ferns; also becomes collateral in the leaf d) amphivasal xylem surrounds the phloem; most commonly found in ferns; also becomes collateral in the leaf e) isolated phloem fairly common to find isolated phloem connecting two collateral bundles; about 15 dicot families have extensive internal isolated phloem (e.g., Solanaceae); largely connected to floral and fruit structures, external phloem to leaves division of labor; examples of isolated xylem are unknown
5 C. Primary Stem Development 1. General pattern of primary differentiation -the promeristem leaves behind cells that can be identified as belonging to three primary meristems, which occur at different levels in the growing tip (DIAGRAM) -in the shoot apex, the corpus is transitional to the ground meristem and the tunica to the protoderm; the procambium forms a continuum from mature vascular tissue up to promeristem -lower down, internodes begin enlarging and elongating; this is where primary tissues are differentiating (e.g., protoxylem, protophloem, etc.) -in dicots and gymnosperms, can usually recognize regions of the fundamental tissue (cortex, etc.) but in monocots, simply called fundamental tissue -if secondary growth occurs, it is contributed partly by undifferentiated procambial cells and partly from fundamental tissues -axillary buds form from localized cell divisions (often having a concentric appearance); this is often called the shell zone (= cell divisions giving rise to an axillary bud); bud formation starts a few nodes down from the apex -leaf is the first major organ; axillary buds come later, so bud vascular system is attached to the leaf trace/leaf gap system after it is formed -axillary buds are usually under the control of the shoot apex, and their further development is usually suppressed by hormonal control -eventually the lower ones may be released from suppression; this often occurs if
6 the shoot apex is damaged, but it may happen eventually anyway -transfer cells associated with developing vascular traces of axillary bud 2. Longitudinal differentiation a) procambium continuous and acropetal b) protophloem continuous and acropetal c) protoxylem discontinuous and birdirectional; appears first as an isolated patch at the base of each leaf; develops and differentiates into leaf and down the stem; eventually connects with upwardly differentiating protoxylem from below d) metaphloem continuous and acropetal e) metaxylem discontinuous, bi-directional -logical that phloem should be acropetal and continuous because of the need for nutrient supply -why is xylem development discontinuous? Essentially the pattern is to construct sections of mature xylem and hook them up to an older functional part; no really good explanations available 3. Transverse differentiation a) proliferation of procambium until bundle is of a certain size (cells are elongating and dividing) b) protophloem appears at outer periphery of bundle c) protoxylem appears at inner periphery of bundle d) metaphloem appears at the inner edge of protophloem and differentiates toward the middle of the bundle e) metaxylem appears at the inner edge of protoxylem and differentiates toward the middle of the bundle f) in dicots and gymnosperms, there is leftover procambium in between the xylem and phloem that remains potentially meristematic -in monocots, all of procambium in a vascular bundle will differentiate into primary metaxylem and metaphloem, using up all potentially meristematic cells
7 4. Other primary meristems a) intercalary meristem -zone of meristematic cells that occurs just above the node or at base of leaf blade -common in monocots, rare in dicots -functions: increase in length, upright growth in lodged stems -increases flexibility but the immature tissue in the IM poses problems for photosynthetic transport and it produces a zone of weakness (hence the wrap-around sheathing leaf base) b) primary thickening meristem -allows stems without secondary growth to grow in diameter close to the apex -marked by presence of a thick disk of mitotic activity -allows production of a large number of nodes (and therefore leaves) while the plant is still close to the ground -occurs in bulbous plants and those with large, fleshy columnar stems (e.g., cycads, some dicots, many monocots) and probably also palms, bamboos
The Shoot System: Primary Stem Structure - 1
The Shoot System: Primary Stem Structure - 1 Shoot System The shoot system comprises the leaves and stems of plants. Leaves are located at nodes on the stem; the distance along the stem between nodes is
More informationTEXT The name stele has been derived from Greek word meaning pillar or column. Sachs in 1875 proposed that the vascular system of the plant body is a
TEXT The name stele has been derived from Greek word meaning pillar or column. Sachs in 1875 proposed that the vascular system of the plant body is a continuous system. For the first time, the stelar organisation
More informationPlant Anatomy Lab 7 - Stems II
Plant Anatomy Lab 7 - Stems II This exercise continues the previous lab in studying primary growth in the stem. We will be looking at stems from a number of different plant species, and emphasize (1) the
More informationSTEMS Anytime you use something made of wood, you re using something made from the stem of a plant. Stems are linear structures with attached leaves
STEMS OUTLINE External Form of a Woody Twig Stem Origin and Development Stem Tissue Patterns Herbaceous Dicotyledonous Stems Woody Dicotyledonous Stems Monocotyledonous Stems Specialized Stems Wood and
More informationPlants. Tissues, Organs, and Systems
Plants Tissues, Organs, and Systems Meristematic cells Specialized cells that are responsible for producing specialized cells, they produce three types of tissue in the body of a plant. Meristematic Cells
More informationStelar evolution. B. Sc. III Botany
Stelar evolution B. Sc. III Botany Dr. (Miss) Kalpana R. Datar Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY WILLINGDON COLLEGE, SANGLI. kalpana_datar@yahoo.com Stelar Evolution Stele is unit of vascular system.
More informationLab Exercise 4: Primary Growth and Tissues in Stems
Lab Exercise 4: Primary Growth and Tissues in Stems Tissues of the plant body can be classified in a variety of ways: functionally (based on the tissue function, e.g. vascular tissue ), morphologically
More informationVisit For All NCERT solutions, CBSE sample papers, Question papers, Notes for Class 6 to 12. Chapter-6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
Chapter-6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS POINTS TO REMEMBER Anatomy : Anatomy is the study of internal structure of organisms. Plant anatomy includes organisation and structure of tissues. Tissue : A group
More informationPlant Anatomy. By Umanga Chapagain
Plant Anatomy By Umanga Chapagain PLANT ANATOMY The science of the structure of the organized plant body learned by dissection is called Plant Anatomy. In general, Plant Anatomy refers to study of internal
More informationIntroduction to Botany. Lecture 25
Introduction to Botany. Lecture 25 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University November 2, 2015 Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 25 November 2, 2015 1 / 33 Outline 1 Questions and answers 2 Stem
More informationPlant Structure. Lab Exercise 24. Objectives. Introduction
Lab Exercise Plant Structure Objectives - Be able to identify plant organs and give their functions. - Learn distinguishing characteristics between monocot and dicot plants. - Understand the anatomy of
More informationPrimary Plant Body: Embryogenesis and the Seedling
BIOL 221 Concepts of Botany Primary Plant Body: Embryogenesis and the Seedling (Photo Atlas: Figures 1.29, 9.147, 9.148, 9.149, 9.150, 9.1, 9.2) A. Introduction Plants are composed of fewer cell types,
More informationChapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth What part of a plant is represented by each of these: Carrot Celery Red Pepper Tomato Lettuce Garbanzo Bean Angiosperm structure Three basic organs: Roots (root
More informationDownloaded from
POINTS TO REMEMBER : 6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants Study of internal structure of plant is called anatomy. In plants cells are the basic unit. Cells organized into tissues and tissues organized into organs.
More informationQuestion 1: State the location and function of different types of meristem. Meristems are specialised regions of plant growth. The meristems mark the regions where active cell division and rapid division
More informationNOTES: CH 35 - Plant Structure & Growth
NOTES: CH 35 - Plant Structure & Growth In their evolutionary journey, plants adapted to the problems of a terrestrial existence as they moved from water to land ANGIOSPERMS (flowering plants) -most diverse
More informationPlant Anatomy and Tissue Structures
Plant Anatomy and Tissue Structures The Two Major Plant Systems Reproductive shoot (flower) Terminal bud Node Internode Angiosperm plants have threse major organs: Roots Stems Leaves & Flowers Terminal
More informationChapter 29: Plant Tissues
Chapter 29: Plant Tissues Shoots and Roots Shoots (Leaves and Stem) Produce food by photosynthesis Carry out reproductive functions Roots Anchor the plant Penetrate the soil and absorb water and dissolved
More informationPlant Structure And Growth
Plant Structure And Growth The Plant Body is Composed of Cells and Tissues Tissue systems (Like Organs) made up of tissues Made up of cells Plant Tissue Systems Ground Tissue System Ø photosynthesis Ø
More informationPlant Tissues and Organs. Topic 13 Plant Science Subtopics , ,
Plant Tissues and Organs Topic 13 Plant Science Subtopics 13.1.2, 13.1.3, 13.1.4 Objectives: List and describe the major plant organs their structure and function List and describe the major types of plant
More informationClass XI Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants Biology
Class XI Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants Biology Question 1: State the location and function of different types of meristem. Meristems are specialised regions of plant growth. The meristems mark
More informationTopic 2: Plant Structure & Growth Ch. 35 Angiosperms are the most complex plants. They are composed of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems.
Topic 2: Plant Structure & Growth Ch. 35 Angiosperms are the most complex plants. They are composed of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Fig. 35.8 Plant Cells pp.798-802 Types of plant cells Include:
More informationBotany Physiology. Due Date Code Period Earned Points
Botany Physiology Name C/By Due Date Code Period Earned Points Bot Phys 5N5 Stem Forms Bot Phys 5-05 Identify the major forms of stems in plants I. Identify the major forms of stems in plants A. internal
More informationChapter 23 Notes Roots Stems Leaves
Chapter 23 Notes Roots Stems Leaves I. Specialized tissue in plants - effective way to ensure the plant s survival A. Seed plant structure 1. Roots - a. Absorbs water and dissolves nutrients b. anchors
More informationChapter 6. Biology of Flowering Plants. Anatomy Seedlings, Meristems, Stems, and Roots
BOT 3015L (Outlaw/Sherdan/Aghoram); Page 1 of 6 Chapter 6 Biology of Flowering Plants Anatomy Seedlings, Meristems, Stems, and Roots Objectives Seedling germination and anatomy. Understand meristem structure
More informationPHARMACOBOTANY LECTURE 5. PLANT TISSUES III.
PHARMACOBOTANY LECTURE 5. PLANT TISSUES III. VASCULAR TISSUES VASCULAR TISSUES Xylem transporting water and mineral substances from the root upwards to other plant organs Phloem carries photosynthetic
More informationPrimary Internal structure & Normal Secondary growth in Sunflower stem
Primary Internal structure & Normal Secondary growth in Sunflower stem B. Sc. II - Botany Dr. (Miss) Kalpana R. Datar Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Willingdon College, Sangli. kalpana_datar@yahoo.com.
More informationAnatomy of Flowering Plants. K C Meena PGT Biology
Anatomy of Flowering Plants K C Meena PGT Biology Tissues A group of similar cells performing same function. Types of plant tissues - Meristematic tissues and permanent tissues. Meristematic tissues Have
More informationLecture 4 Root Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions
Lecture 4 Root Put line under your answer! There is only one correct answer in the multiple choice questions 1. The perception of gravity by a root is thought to take place in a) root hairs b) the region
More informationChapter 35~ Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter 35~ Plant Structure and Growth Plant Organization Plant morphology is based on plant s evolutionary history Need to draw in nutrients from the ground and the air Plant Organs Root system = roots
More informationPlant Structure, Growth, and Development
Plant Structure, Growth, and Development Plant hierarchy: Cells Tissue: group of similar cells with similar function: Dermal, Ground, Vascular Organs: multiple kinds of tissue, very diverse function Organ
More informationForms strands that conduct water, minerals, and organic compounds. Much of the inside of nonwoody parts of plants. Includes roots, stems, and leaves
Biology II Vascular plants have 3 tissue systems: Dermal Protective outer layer of plant Vascular Forms strands that conduct water, minerals, and organic compounds Ground Much of the inside of nonwoody
More information(A) Buds (B) Lateral meristem (C) Apical meristem (D) Stem (E) Trichomes
AP Biology - Problem Drill 17: Plant Structure Question No. 1 of 10 1. What are hair-like outgrowths that protect and absorb nutrients? Question #01 (A) Buds (B) Lateral meristem (C) Apical meristem (D)
More information(Photo Atlas: Figures 9.147, 9.148, 9.150, 9.1, 9.2, )
BIOL 221 Concepts of Botany Fall 2007 Topic 07: Primary Plant Body: The Root System (Photo Atlas: Figures 9.147, 9.148, 9.150, 9.1, 9.2, 9.5 9.23) A. Introduction The root has the primary functions of
More informationCh Plants.Biology.Landis
Nom de plume Chapt2 Chapter 22 - Plant Diversity Section 22 1 Introduction to Plants (pages 551 555) This section explains what a plant is and describes what plants need to survive. It also explains how
More informationBig Advantage!:Vegetative reproduction is a faster way to reproduce compared to sexual reproduction if the environment is favorable.
DAY 5 OF CHAPTER 25 NOTES http://www.toto.com/misha/mavica/folliage2.jpg Asexual reproduction in plants is also known as vegetative reproduction. Methods of vegetative reproduction include plant structures
More informationTopic 14. The Root System. II. Anatomy of an Actively Growing Root Tip
Topic 14. The Root System Introduction. This is the first of two lab topics that focus on the three plant organs (root, stem, leaf). In these labs we want you to recognize how tissues are organized in
More informationRoots and Soil Chapter 5
Roots and Soil Chapter 5 Plant Organs Plant organs are groups of several types of tissues that together perform a particular function. Vegetative organs roots, stems, leaves make and use food, absorb water
More informationThe three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stems, and leaves.
23 1 Specialized Tissues in Plants Seed Plant Structure The three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stems, and leaves. 1 of 34 23 1 Specialized Tissues in Plants Seed Plant Structure Roots: absorb
More informationBald cypress Taxodium distichum in a swamp in North Carolina
Bald cypress Taxodium distichum in a swamp in North Carolina Bald cypress is another deciduous gymnosperm. It is native to the SE United States. It can tolerate a wide range of soil conditions. It is not
More informationThe plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues, and cells. Plants, like multicellular animals:
Chapter 28 The plant body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues, and cells Plants, like multicellular animals: o Have organs composed of different tissues, which are in turn composed of cells 3 basic organs:
More information2/25/2013. o Plants take up water and minerals from below ground o Plants take up CO2 and light from above ground THREE BASIC PLANT ORGANS ROOTS
o Plants take up water and minerals from below ground o Plants take up CO2 and light from above ground THREE BASIC PLANT ORGANS o Roots o Stems o Leaves ROOTS o Anchor plant o Absorb water and minerals
More informationPlant Organization. Learning Objectives. Angiosperm Tissues. Angiosperm Body Plan
Plant Organization Learning Objectives 1. List and give the major function of the three main types of plant tissues 2. Identify a monocot verses a eudicot plant by observing either root, stem, leaf, or
More informationROOTS. Syllabus Theme A Plant Structure and Function. Root systems. Primary Growth of Roots. Taproot system. Fibrous root system.
Syllabus Theme A lant Structure and Function A2: Structure and function of the basic plant organs ampbell & Reece hap. 35 Selected page numbers ROOTS Functions Anchors the vascular plant Absorbs minerals
More informationA group of cells with common origin is called a tissue. The cells of a tissue usually perform a common function.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants Tissues A group of cells with common origin is called a tissue. The cells of a tissue usually perform a common function. Types of Tissue: There are two main types of plant tissues,
More informationPlant Structure. Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to:
Name: 3.2 Organisation and the Vascular Structures 3.2.1 Flowering plant structure and root structure Objectives At the end of this sub section students should be able to: 1. Label a diagram of the external
More informationPLANTS FORM AND FUNCTION PLANT MORPHOLOGY PART I: BASIC MORPHOLOGY. Plant Form & Function Activity #1 page 1
AP BIOLOGY PLANTS FORM AND FUNCTION ACTIVITY #1 NAME DATE HOUR PLANT MORPHOLOGY PART I: BASIC MORPHOLOGY Plant Form & Function Activity #1 page 1 PART II: ROOTS 1. Examine the examples of the two root
More informationStems and Transport in Vascular Plants. Herbaceous Stems. Herbaceous Dicot Stem 3/12/2012. Chapter 34. Basic Tissues in Herbaceous Stems.
Bud scale Terminal bud Stems and Transport in Plants One year's growth Terminal bud scale scars Axillary bud Leaf scar Node Internode Node Chapter 34 Lenticels Terminal bud scale scars Bundle scars A Woody
More informationXI. LEAVES Bot 404 Fall 2004
XI. LEAVES Bot 404 Fall 2004 A. Leaf Morphology 1. Definitions -leaf = a determinate lateral appendage in the axil of which a branch (bud) is produced -node = place on the stem where a leaf is attached
More informationtree of life phylogeny gram stain morphology chapter 28-29, other groups of organisms Bacteria
tree of life chapter 28-29, other groups of organisms phylogeny key lineages of prokaryotes Domain Archaea (sister to eukarya) 3 clades defined by genetic characters Domain Bacteria Firmicutes Spirochaetes
More informationtree of life phylogeny morphology gram stain chapter 28-29, other groups of organisms Bacteria
tree of life chapter 28-29, other groups of organisms phylogeny key lineages of prokaryotes Domain Archaea (sister to eukarya) 3 clades defined by genetic characters Domain Bacteria Firmicutes Spirochaetes
More informationChapter 29. Table of Contents. Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues. Section 2 Roots. Section 3 Stems. Section 4 Leaves. Plant Structure and Function
Plant Structure and Function Table of Contents Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues Section 2 Roots Section 3 Stems Section 4 Leaves Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues Objectives Describe the three basic types
More informationBring Your Text to Lab!!!
Bring Your Text to Lab!!! Vascular Plant Anatomy: Flowering Plants Objectives: 1. To observe what the basic structure of vascular plants is, and how and where this form originates. 2. To begin to understand
More informationTopic 15. The Shoot System
Topic 15. The Shoot System Introduction. This is the second of two lab topics that focus on the three plant organs (root, stem, leaf). In these labs we want you to recognize how tissues are organized in
More informationExercise 12. Procedure. Aim: To study anatomy of stem and root of monocots and dicots.
Aim: To study anatomy of stem and root of monocots and dicots. Principle: The study of internal morphology, i.e., cells of various tissues in an organ of a living body is called Anatomy. Tissue, which
More informationCHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 27 27 CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. A transverse section of stem is stained first with safranin and then with fast green following the usual
More informationRoots and leaves together are sufficient to take up all essential resources, so why make stems?
STEMS Roots and leaves together are sufficient to take up all essential resources, so why make stems? Stem functions 1. Support leaves 2. Conductance (connect root and leaf vasculature) 3. Storage (some
More informationSESSION 6: SUPPORT AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN PLANTS PART 1
SESSION 6: SUPPORT AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN PLANTS PART 1 KEY CONCEPTS In this session we will focus on summarising what you need to know about: - Anatomy of dicotyledonous plants Root and stem: distribution
More informationHonors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function
3 Basic types of plant cells Honors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function 1) Parenchyma cells- loosely packed or cells with a and thin, Involved in metabolic functions 2) Collenchyma cells- thicker
More informationPlants. Plant Form and Function. Tissue Systems 6/4/2012. Chapter 17. Herbaceous (nonwoody) Woody. Flowering plants can be divided into two groups:
Monocots Dicots 6/4/2012 Plants Plant Form and Function Chapter 17 Herbaceous (nonwoody) In temperate climates, aerial parts die back Woody In temperate climates, aerial parts persist The Plant Body Functions
More informationCHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
84 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 6.1 The Tissues 6.2 The Tissue System 6.3 Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants 6.4 Secondary Growth You can very easily see the structural
More informationTHE TISSUES A tissue is a group of cells having a common origin and usually performing a common function. Tissues. Parenchyma
1 CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS Study of internal structure of plants is called anatomy. Plants have cells as the basic unit, cells are organised into tissues and in turn the tissues are organised
More informationTARGET STUDY MATERIAL
TARGET STUDY MATERIAL Plus-1 Botany VOL I TARGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION Target Educational institution is the one and only Entrance coaching and CBSE 10 th coaching centre at Mukkam with advanced technologies
More informationANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS Finish Line & Beyond The Tissues The Tissue System Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants Secondary Growth THE TISSUES A tissue is a group of cells having a common
More informationANATOMY OF PLANTS Introduction: The study of gross internal structure of plant organs by the technique of section cutting is called plant anatomy.
ANATOMY OF PLANTS Introduction: The study of gross internal structure of plant organs by the technique of section cutting is called plant anatomy. (Pandey, 2002). Various plant organ viz. root, stem, leaves,
More informationCHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
84 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS 6.1 The Tissues 6.2 The Tissue System 6.3 Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants 6.4 Secondary Growth You can very easily see the structural
More informationRoots anchor plants and absorb water and minerals in solution. A germinating seed radicle becomes the first root. Four zones, or regions, of young
Roots anchor plants and absorb water and minerals in solution. A germinating seed radicle becomes the first root. Four zones, or regions, of young roots are recognized: (1) A protective root cap that also
More informationThe Plant body has a hierarch of organs, tissues, and cells. [2]
GUIDED READING - Ch. 35 PLANT STRUCTURE NAME: Please print out these pages and HANDWRITE the answers directly on the printouts. Typed work or answers on separate sheets of paper will not be accepted. Importantly,
More informationPlant Growth and Development Part I. Levels of Organization
Plant Growth and Development Part I Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules 1
More informationPlant Structure and Function
Plant Structure and Function A Meridian Biology AP Study Guide by John Ho and Tim Qi Plant Terms Growth: Growth Types Type Location Description Primary Primary Vertical growth (up-down), dominant direction
More informationMONOCOT ROOT FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM
A MONOCOT FIBROUS SYSTEM ^ MONOCOT FIBROUS SYSTEM ADVENTITIOUS S A ADVENTITIOUS S ADVENTITIOUS FIBROUS- SYSTEM ADVENTITOUS NON-EMBRYONIC DERIVED FROM STEM OR LEAF FIBROUS- SYSTEM ADVENTITOUS D MONOCOT
More informationBIOL 305L Laboratory One
Please print Full name clearly: BIOL 305L Laboratory One General plant anatomy a great place to start! Introduction Botany is the science of plant life. Traditionally, the science included the study of
More informationPlant Organs. Roots & Stems
Plant Organs Roots & Stems I. Roots A. F(x)s = grow underground 1. Absorb water & nutrients from soil 2. Anchor plant in the soil 3. Make hormones important for growth & development I. Roots B. Structure
More informationBotany Basics. Botany is...
Botany Basics John Punches Oregon State University Botany is... The study of plants. 1 Plants in our Ecosystem Capture sun s energy Food source Replenish atmospheric oxygen Participate in water cycle Moderate
More informationPlant Structure and Organization - 1
Plant Structure and Organization - 1 In our first unit of Biology 203 we will focus on the structure and function of the higher plants, in particular the angiosperms, or flowering plants. We will look
More informationPLANT TERMS Buds [V. Max Brown]
PLANT TERMS Buds A Bud is a vegetative shoot or flower (or both) that has not yet developed. It is a growing region (meristematic tissue) that is often enclosed by undeveloped (immature) or special protective
More informationTHE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. XXIV JULY, 1924 No.. 4 THE VASCULAR ANATOMY OF CALAMOVILFA LONGIFOLIA.* ERNEST LINCOLN STOVER Eastern Illinois State Teachers' College The present study of the anatomy
More informationCh. 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development
Ch. 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development Feb 3 12:31 PM 1 Essential Question: How is the structure of the plant related to its function? Feb 3 12:32 PM 2 Tissue = a group of cells with a common
More informationUNIT 6 - STRUCTURES OF FLOWERING PLANTS & THEIR FUNCTIONS
6.1 Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells with common function, structures or both. In plants we can find 2 types of tissues: Meristem Permanent tissues Meristem is found in regions with continuous
More informationOutline. Leaf Development. Leaf Structure - Morphology. Leaf Structure - Morphology
Outline 1. Leaf Structure: Morphology & Anatomy 2. Leaf Development A. Anatomy B. Sector analysis C. Leaf Development Leaf Structure - Morphology Leaf Structure - Morphology 1 Leaf Structure - Morphology
More informationPlant Structure and Function Extension
Plant Structure and Function Extension NGSSS: SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes. (AA) Part 1A: Leaves The leaf of a plant serves
More informationSimple Leaf Compound Leaf
Leaves Outline Overview Leaf Arrangements and Types Internal Structures of Leaves Stomata Mesophyll and Veins Specialized Leaves Autumnal Changes in Color Abscission Relevance of Leaves Overview Some of
More informationBio 10 Lecture Notes 7: Plant Diversity, Structure and Function SRJC
Physiology study of the adaptations by which organisms function in their environ. 1.) Plants, Tissues and Function Plant types and their evolution Terrestrial plants evolved from aquatic green algae There
More informationREVIEW 7: PLANT ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY UNIT. A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned:
Period Date REVIEW 7: PLANT ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY UNIT A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned: 1. Gas exchange a. structure: stomates b. function: diffusion, supports
More informationBud and root development of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizome
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops 8 (1) " 49-55 (1999) Bud and root development of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizome K K SHERLIJA, K UNNIKRISHNAN' & P N RAVINDRAN' Indian Institute of Spices Research
More informationtoday finish up cell division Continue intro to plant anatomy main plant organs basic anatomy: monocots versus dicots How to tell the organs apart
Download as an RTF file Download as a PDF file Biology 20 Fall 2001 Lecture #4 Jan 18, 2001 What did we get from last lecture? Plant anatomy introduction Tissue Types in plants Four basic tissue: meristem,
More informationCAMBIUM, meristem, heartwood, and lenticel are
Examining the Structures of a Tree CAMBIUM, meristem, heartwood, and lenticel are some terms that may be new to you. These terms are used to describe various tree structures. Not surprisingly, many terms
More informationName: Plant stems and leaves (p. 1 of )
Name: Plant stems and leaves (p. 1 of ) Introduction: Plants have a variety of configurations but the same basic structures. The three main parts of a plant are the roots, stems, and leaves. The tracheids
More informationToday: Plant Structure Exam II is on F March 31
Next few lectures are on plant form and function Today: Plant Structure Exam II is on F March 31 Outline Plant structure I. Plant Cells structure & different types II. Types of meristems Apical meristems:
More information23 2 Roots Slide 2 of 36
2 of 36 Types of Roots Types of Roots What are the two main types of roots? 3 of 36 Types of Roots The two main types of roots are: taproots, which are found mainly in dicots, and fibrous roots, which
More informationAnatomy of Flowering Plants
Anatomy of Flowering Plants Study of internal structure of plant is called anatomy. In plants cells are the basic unit. Cells organized into tissues and tissues organized into organs. Anatomy is studied
More informationAnatomy of Flowering Plants
Anatomy of Flowering Plants Study of internal structure of plant is called anatomy. In plants cells are the basic unit. Cells organized into tissues and tissues organized into organs. Anatomy is studied
More informationLevels of Organization
Plant Growth and Development Part I Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules Plant
More informationLife Science Chapter 11 SEED PLANTS PART 2
Life Science Chapter 11 SEED PLANTS PART 2 Advanced Seed Producing Advanced Seed Producing Vascular Plants Class: Gymnospermae Class: Angiospermae» Subclass: Monocotyledoneae» Subclass: Dicotyledoneae
More informationHistology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Histology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features: a) The vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered
More informationChapter 35: Plant Structure, Growth and Development - No two Plants Are Alike Plant structure
Chapter 35: Plant Structure, Growth and Development - No two Plants Are Alike Plant structure Systems Root and Shoot system Organs Roots, Stems, Leaves Tissues Dermal, Vascular, Ground Cells parencyma,
More informationWHAT DO you think of when you
Stem Anatomy WHAT DO you think of when you think of a stem? Do you think of a flower stalk, the trees in your area, or a soybean stalk? Most people probably visualize something like the flower or the bean
More informationAnatomy of Flowering Plants
76 Anatomy of Flowering Plants 1. Tunica corpus theory is connected with (a) root apex (b) root cap (c) shoot apex (d) secondary growth The shoot apex or stem apical meristem has two zones, outer tunica
More information-Each asexual organs. -Anchors the plant -Absorbs water and minerals -Stores sugars and starches
Plants are made up of: -organs, tissues, and cells The three major plant organs are: -Roots, stems, and leaves -Each asexual organs Plants have a Root System beneath the ground that us a multicellular
More informationDevelopmental vegetative morphology of Avena sativa
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations 1959 Developmental vegetative morphology of Avena sativa Gilford John Ikenberry Jr. Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd
More information