Honors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Honors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function"

Lucy McCoy
6 years ago
Views:

1 3 Basic types of plant cells Honors Biology I Ch 29 Plant Structure & Function 1) Parenchyma cells- loosely packed or cells with a and thin, Involved in metabolic functions 2) Collenchyma cells- thicker cell walls than parenchyma cells Supports regions of the plant that are 3) Sclerenchyma cells- cell walls or plants in areas where growth is no longer occurring Plant Tissue Systems Plant Organs Dermal a. Ground b. Vascular c. 1) Dermal Tissue System- Covers all parts of the plant s body, which is call the Cells are relatively Epidermis is and usually coated with a to reduce water loss 2) Ground Tissue System-,, helps, and a) Much of the plant s body is made of b) Consist of all c) Majority of the cells are 3) Vascular Tissue System- Refers to both and 1

2 A) Xylem- 1) Tracheids- long, narrow, thick Water moves from 1 tracheid to another through (thin, porous areas of the cell wall) 2) Vessel elements- sclerenchyma cell with either in the and walls or Stacked to form long tubes called Water moves more in than in B) Phloem- 1) Seive Tube Members ( )- elongated, tubular cells with called - stacked end to end to from a continuous strand called a 2) Companion Cell- found along side each sieve tube, carryout key for sieve tube members Plant Growth Plant growth originated mainly in - Region where cells Most plants grow in length through - Located at the of and Lateral meristems allow and to increase in diameter 2 Types: 1) Vascular cambium: located between and, produces additional vascular tissue 2

3 2) Cork Cambium: located Produces - cork replaces the epidermis in and Plant Organs A) roots B) stems C) leaves A) Types of Roots 1) Taproot: (Ex-, ) 2) Fibrous root- (Ex- ) 3) Adventitious root: that grow from uncommon places, such as and, some grow above ground (Ex-, ) Root Structures Root cap: layer of covering the growing of a Root hairs: used to increase the surface area for Primary Growth in Roots Roots in length through,, and in the apical meristem in the root tip matures to form the Ground tissue matures in the ( primary area inside the epidermis) and the (innermost boundary of the cortex) Vascular tissue in roots matures into the - The outermost layer of the central vascular system is the - Division of forms lateral roots 3

4 Root Functions Primary function of roots is and Macronutrients: and, plants use Micronutrients:, plants use in Some roots also store or - are usually converted to and stored in - Some roots can store large amounts of, helping the plants survive during B) Stem Structures - area between nodes Nodes- 1) Lateral buds- grow into, are located at along branches or stems 2) Terminal buds- grow in, are located at nodes at Types of Stems 1) Non woody ( )- soft, green 2) Woody-, - different forms of represent to the environment Pith- Heartwood: wood in the center of the stem Sapwood: wood contains functioning Bark:, protective outside coving of Spring- if water is, the vascular cambium can form new, thin cell walls ( ) 4

5 Summer- when water is, forms, (summerwood) Function of Stems 1) Transportation of and 2) Storage of and of Sugar/Carbohydrates, hormones, and other are transported in the Sugar is moved through plant by: 1. Translocation- of 2. Sugar moves through of phloem form (where it is made or stored) to (where it is used/needed or stored) 3. Movement of is more than movement of 4. Theory of Translocation- ( ) a. Sugar from source enters by b. Because sugar concentration has, by c. This increases in phloem and d. Sugar goes to by Water moves through plant by: 1. Transpiration- loss of through from a plant s 2. - theory- water is a and is to other water molecules ( ) and water is for this reason Adhesion: movement also depends on the rigid and the of water molecules to the xylem wall 5

6 So water: a. is pulled through the plant in a because b. it through the of the leaves causing the to c. ~ % of the plants water is lost this way Sugar - Moves through - Moves or the plant - diffuse easily Water - Moves through, - Moves - Diffuses easily Storing Water and Nutrients Plant stems are in most species - storing water, Ex- - storing starch, Ex- C) Leaves- the primary a. Blade: b. Petiole: or c. Simple leaf: d. Compound leaf:, each section is called a Typical Leaf 1) Cuticle- and ( ) 2) and epidermis- one cell thick, helps... cells are 6

7 3) Mesophyll a) Palisade layer- stacked on end contain, usually one layer of cells b) Spongy layer- loosely packed... contain, large air spaces between cells for Veins- consist of, embedded in the or 4) Stoma ( )- openings to the... most are found in the Each is surrounded by 2, which control the opening Guard cells respond to the in the environment Regulate the Rate of Transpiration 1. The rate of transpiration must be or the plant will and 2. A pair of surrounds each stoma 3. When the plant has they become ( and ) and they 4. When too much, guard cells lose turgor and 5. If the stoma is, and exchange cannot occur 6. ions play a role- concentration in guard cells causes water to and open and concentration closes them Types of Leaves 3 Types of modified leaves: a) Tendril: found in many that wraps around and 7

8 b) Tubular leaf- plants, c) Spines- protects the plant from being by or to reduce 8

9 Honors Biology I Ch 30 Plant Reproduction Seed Plants * seed plants are divided into 2 groups: 1. Gymnosperms: have seeds in do not produce have instead of known as 2. Angiosperms: majority of living plant species produce flowers contain ovaries - enclosed in a A. Diversity of Angiosperms Categorized in many ways: ) Monocots 9

Chapter 29. Table of Contents. Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues. Section 2 Roots. Section 3 Stems. Section 4 Leaves. Plant Structure and Function

Chapter 29. Table of Contents. Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues. Section 2 Roots. Section 3 Stems. Section 4 Leaves. Plant Structure and Function Plant Structure and Function Table of Contents Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues Section 2 Roots Section 3 Stems Section 4 Leaves Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues Objectives Describe the three basic types