II. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is. B. Physiology is.
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1 Shier, Butler, and Lewis: Human Anatomy and Physiology, 13 th ed. Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology I. Introduction A. The interests of our earliest ancestors most likely concerned B. Primitive people certainly suffered from. C. Before agriculture, infectious diseases did not spread easily because D. With agriculture, humans became susceptible to worm diseases because E. With urbanization, humans became more susceptible to and F. Tooth decay was lowest among and highest among. G. Preserved bones from children can reflect malnutrition because H. At first healers had to rely on I. The forerunners of modern drugs were. J. Early medical providers developed the language of anatomy and physiology from. K. Scientific inquiry consist of. II. Anatomy and Physiology A. Anatomy is. B. Physiology is. 1-1
2 III. Levels of Organization A. All materials are made of. B. Chemicals consist of tiny particles called. C. Examples of atoms are. D. When atoms chemically bond together they form. E. Examples of molecules are. F. When small molecules chemically combine they form. G. Examples of macromolecules are. H. Within humans, the basic unit of structure and function is. I. Cells are made of small structures called. J. Organelles are made of. K. Examples of organelles are. L. Examples of cells are. M. Tissues are formed from. N. Examples of tissues are. O. Organs are formed from. P. Examples of organs are. Q. Organ systems are formed from. R. Examples of organ systems include S. Organisms are formed from. T. The organism studied in this class is the.. V. Maintenance of Life A. Requirements of Organisms 1. The five requirements of life are,,,, and 2. The most abundant substance in the body is. 3. Four major uses of water by the body are 1-2
3 4. Substances that provide organisms with nutrients are called 5. Nutrients supply. 6. One-fifth of air is. 7. The body uses oxygen. 8. A form of energy used by the body is. 9. Heat helps to regulate. B. Homeostasis 1. The internal environment of the body consists of 2. Homeostasis is. 3. Homeostatic mechanisms are. 4. The three components of a homeostatic mechanism are 5. Receptors provide. 6. Control centers function to. 7. Effectors cause. 8. In a negative feedback mechanism, a deviation from the set point is and the correction. 9. Examples of positive feedback include
4 VIII. Anatomical Terminology A. Relative Position 1. The position of the body in the anatomical position is 2. The anatomical term meaning above another body part is 3. The anatomical term meaning below another body part is 4. The anatomical term meaning toward the front is 5. The two anatomical terms meaning toward the back are and. 6. The two anatomical terms meaning closer to the midline of the body are and. 7. The anatomical term meaning closer to the sides of the body is 8. The anatomical term for the same side is. 9. The anatomical term for the opposite side is. 10. The anatomical term meaning closer to a specific point is 11. The anatomical term meaning farther away from a specific point is. 12. The two anatomical terms meaning closer to the surface of the body are and. 13. The anatomical term meaning more internal is. B. Body Sections 1. A lengthwise cut that divides the body into left and right portions is called. 1-4
5 2. A cut that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is called. 3. A section that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is called. 4. A cut across a cylindrical organ is called. 5. An angular cut of a cylindrical organ is called. 6. A lengthwise cut of a cylindrical organ is called. C. Body Regions 1. Label the nine abdominal regions on the diagram below: Right Left 1-5
6 2. Label the four quadrants of the abdomen on the diagram below: Right Left 3. Give the correct anatomical term for the following body regions: region between thorax and pelvis point of the shoulder forearm space in front of the elbow armpit arm cheek wrist abdomen head neck ribs hip leg elbow finger back 1-6
7 thigh forehead reproductive organs buttocks depressed area of the abdominal wall near the thigh lower back between ribs and pelvis breast chin nose lower posterior region of head mouth eye cavity ear palm of hand front of knee chest foot pelvis region between anus and external reproductive organs sole of the foot area behind the knee posterior region between the hipbones middle and anterior region of thorax instep of foot navel spinal column 1-7
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