THE CONTROL OF THE NATURAL FORCES

Transcription

1 THE CONTROL OF THE NATURAL FORCES Fank Znidasic Revised /011 ABSTRACT An undesanding of he naual wold has pogessed in he diecion of highe enegies. The saionay quanum sae has emeged as a cenal heme wihin his ques. The saionay quanum saes wee used o explain he wokings of naue. The emegence of he macoscopic muli-body cold fusion phenomena has allowed an undesanding of he naue o pogess in he diecion of lowe enegies. This auho s qualificaion of his low enegy egime has evealed he ansiional quanum sae. The inoducion of he ansiional quanum sae povided a causaive explanaion fo he quanum condiion. This pape will poduce he enegy of he phoon, he enegy levels of he hydogen aom, and he pobabiliy of ansiion as effecs of he ansiional quanum sae. An undesanding of he pah of he quanum ansiion may lead o he developmen of many new echnologies. INTRODUCTION Joseph von Faunhofe devised he fis specomee, in he ealy 1800 s. He discoveed, wih his device, specal lines wihin he Sun s ligh. He used hese lines as efeence poins in he design of achomaic lenses. 1 Robe Bunsen and Gusav Kichhoff, in he mid 1800, discoveed specal lines in he ligh ha emanaed fom he elemens wihin he flame of hei Bunsen bune. Johann Balme poduced an empiical equaion ha descibed his specum in he lae 1800 s. 3 Johannes Rydbeg exended Baume s fomulaion o he speca of all of he elemens. 4 These discoveies allowed asonomes o deemine he elemenal composiion of sella objecs. These ealy scieniss could no, howeve, povide a causaive explanaion fo he specal emissions. In he ealy 1900 s ax Planck offeed an explanaion fo hese specal emissions. He inoduced he idea ha hemal enegy is bundled ino iny quanum unis. 5 Albe Einsein used Planck s consan and showed ha he enegy of ligh is bundled ino paicle like phoons. 6 The pinciple of quanum coespondence emeged wih he appeaance of he phoon. I saes ha he squae of he ampliude of a classical ligh wave diecly coesponds, in some limiing way, o he fequency of a phoon. Niels Boh applied Planck s consuc o he aomic sucue of he aom. Boh s quanized aom explained he emission specum of he aoms and he chemical popeies of he elemens. 7 Accoding o classical elecomagneic heoy of James Clek axwell obiing elecons should coninuously emi elecomagneic enegy. 8 Aoms elecons emi packes of enegy a andom inevals. Boh s model could no explain he sabiliy of he saionay aomic saes, poduce he pobabiliy of ansiion, o explain why he fequency of he emied phoon is no coupled o he fequency of a saionay quanum sae. Lewis deboglie offeed, wha has now become, he conempoay soluion o his poblem. He poposed ha he elecon has wave like popeies. 9 The elecon does no acceleae aound he nucleus, bu ahe, i encicles i in he fom of a sanding wave. A paicle like phoon is emied as hese sanding waves insananeously collapse. The emied phoon exiss as boh a wave and a paicle. These popeies ae muually exclusive and hei simulaneous emegence is a paadox. In an aemp o econcile some of hese difficulies Boh inoduced he pinciple of complemenaily. I saes ha he fequency of a quanum wave exiss, in some myseious way, as a complemen o is paicle of enegy. This soluion aemped o descibe he quanum condiion and, in he pocess, inoduced many inacable poblems. The debogle wave is a cuious mahemaical fomulaion ha shinks and swells wih velociy. I has no classical analog. No explanaion was povided as o why he undulaing deboglie waves do no coninuously leak enegy hough a pocess of adiaion. The poblem of he sabiliy of he aom was, in effec, ansfeed fom he saionay quanum sae o he deboblie wave. ax Bon s Copenhagen

2 inepeaion aemped o ge aound hese difficulies and saed ha mae s deboglie wave is no eal. 10 Bon s mae wave is a subjecive consuc of pobabiliy ha exiss only wihin a mahemaical configuaion space. Albe Einsein ejeced he subjecive naue of his consuc and believed, unil his deah, ha he heoy of quanum mechanics was no complee. 11 In he lae 0 h Cenuy Fank Znidasic obseved a velociy wihin some cold fusion and gaviomagneic expeimens. He discoveed ha velociy is ha of sound wihin he nucleus. He poduced a classical model of quanum ealiy ha includes boh he aomic speca and his new obsevable. He discoveed ha he quanum condiion is he esul of a classical impedance mach ha occus when he velociy of ligh wihin he eleconic sucue of he aom equals he velociy of sound wihin is nuclea sucue. omenum is caied by he magneic componens of he foce fields. agneism is no a conseved popey. This model suggess ha he magniude of he magneic, gaviomagneic, and nuclea spin obi foces convege duing he quanum ansiion. THE OBSERVABLES Themal enegy, nuclea ansmuaions, and a few high enegy paicles have epoedly been poduced duing cold fusion expeimens. The ansmuaion of heavy elemens has also been epoed. 1,13,14 The name Low Enegy Nuclea Reacions is now used o descibe he pocess. The pocess was enamed o include he epoed ansmuaion of heavy elemens. Accoding o conempoay heoy heavy elemen ansmuaions can only pogess a enegies in he millions of elecon vols. The available enegy a oom empeaue is only a facion of an elecon vol. These expeimenal esuls do no fi wihin he confine of he conempoay heoeical consucs. They have been widely ciicized on his basis. These expeimens have poduced vey lile, if no, adiaion. The lack of high enegy adiaion is also a souce of conenion. Nuclea eacions can poceed, smoohly hough he coulombic poenial baie, unde a condiion whee he ange of he nuclea spin obi foce is exended. The pocess of cold fusion may equie a adical esucuing of he ange and sengh of he magneic componen of he song nuclea foce (he spin obi foce). The condiion of he acive nuclea envionmen povides some clues. Low Enegy Nuclea eacions poceed in a domain of 50 nanomees. 15, They have a posiive hemal coefficien. 16 The poduc of he domain size and he hemal fequency is appoximaely one million mees pe second. Equaion #1 is an empiical fomulaion ha expesses his obsevaion. I poduces he ansiional velociy ( 1,094,000 m/s) as he poduc of he angula fequency and he size of he acive domain. The angula fequency is a facion n of he elecon s Compon fequency. The displacemen is a muliple n of he elecomagneic adius of he poon. The esul V is he speed of a longiudinal sound wave, acoss aomic disances, wihin he dissolved deueium. (1) V ( f c / n)( np ) The gaviaional expeimens of Eugene Podklenov involved he 3 megahez simulaion of a 1/3 of a 17, 18, mee supeconducing disk. These expeimens epoedly poduced a song gaviaional anomaly. 19, 0 The esuls also do no appea o fi wihin he conempoay scienific consuc. They have been widely ciicized. I is assumed ha he geneaion of a song local gaviaional field violaes he pinciple of he consevaion of enegy. The sengh of he elecical field can be modified wih he use of a dielecic. The exisence of a gaviaional di-foce-field no moe violaes he pinciple of he consevaion of enegy han does he exisence of an elecical dielecic. The geomey of he supeconducing sucue povides collaboaing infomaion. The poduc of he disk size and he simulaion fequency expesses, as in he case wih cold fusion, a velociy of one mee million mees pe second. This velociy V may be associaed wih opical phonons wihin he supeconducive sucue. 1 The pocess of gaviy modificaion may equie a adical incease in he sengh of he magneic componen of he gaviaional field (he gaviomagneic foce).

3 THE VELOCITY OF SOUND WITHIN THE NUCLEUS The enegy poduced by wo ineacing chages is expessed by Coulomb s Equaion (). () Q E 4 o (1/ ) x In ode o analyze V his auho egouped he consans in Coulomb s fomulaion, equaion (), ino he fom a sping, equaion (3). The efomulaion eveals a wavelike elasic consan and a paicle like elasic disconinuiy. I expesses he enegy of a foce field ha diminishes wih he squae of is displacemen. I suggess ha he elecical foce is poduced as a paicle like disconinuiy p disups he field of anohe elecon. The foce poduced by he disupion is simila o he upwad foce poduced by a bubble in wae. The displacemen p may be a classical effec ha is associaed wih he compessive elasic limi of he elecon ( hp:// ). The classical adius of he elecon p is a muliple of his poin. E K p (3) The vaiable, classical elasic consan of he elecon K -e emeged fom his edisibuion. I is expessed in equaion (4). The elasic consan of he elecic field esembles ha of a gum band in ha i deceases wih displacemen. The elecon s wave like popeies emege as affecs of is elasic consan K -e. K e F max x (4) The elasic consan of he elecon field equals he elasic consan of he song nuclea foce a poins whee he expansive elecomagneic foce balances he compessive song nuclea foce. Unde his condiion he elecical elasic consan K -e may be employed o poduce he hamonic moion of a nucleon. The elecical foce is expelled fom he nucleus, does no ac beween nucleons, and was facoed ino he calculaion. The fequency of a nuclea mechanical wave, a small displacemens, was poduced in equaion (5). (5) f 1 / K n The elasic consan of he elecon was inseed ino equaion (5) poducing equaion (6). V emeged as a poduc of he hamonic moion of he nucleons a a displacemen equal o wice he Femi spacing, n, of

4 he nucleons. The Femi spacing (momenum spacing) is a lile longe han he adius of a poon as a esul of he movemen of adjacen nucleons. (6) ( F / ) max n V 1/ n n The esul V is he speed of sound wihin he nucleus. This speed is also exhibied acoss aomic disances wihin he acive egions of cold fusion expeimens (Ref. Equaion #1). The quanum condiion is esablished hough he acion of V. THE ENERGY OF THE PHOTON ax Planck inoduced he quanum and, wih i, offeed a soluion o he poblem of specal emission. As a convenional physicis Planck suggled o find a classical soluion. Ove one hunded yeas lae he emegence of new obsevables has enabled Fank Znidasic o popose one. The quanizaion of enegy emeges as a classical affec of a condiion whee he velociy of ligh wihin he eleconic sucue of he aom equals he velociy of sound wihin is nuclea sucue. The equalizaion of velociies aligns he impedance of he ineacing saes. This impedance mach allows enegy o be exchanged, wihou bounce, and he quanum ansiion o pogess. The velociy of quanum ansiion was expessed as he poduc of fequency and wavelengh in equaion (7). V f (7) The fequency of he emied phoon is no ha of any saionay aomic sae. I does, howeve, equal he fequency of he ansiional aomic sae f. The enegy of a phoon emeges as an effec of he ineacion of he ansiional geomey and an elecical chage. The simulaneous emegence of boh he phoon s fequency and enegy is fundamenal o Boh s pinciple of complemenaily. In combinaion, hese affecs econcile he dualiy of naue. Capaciance is a funcion of geomey. A fla plae capacio was used, in his analysis, o qualify he geomey of he ansiional phoon. The capaciance C of a fla plae capacio of aea A and spacing d is given in Equaion (8). eo A C d (8) The aea swep ou by a ligh wave was se equal o is wavelengh squaed and he disance d beween he wave s ampliudes was also se o one wavelengh. The capaciance expeienced by such a cycle of ligh is given in equaion (9).

5 (9) C e o The phoon has wo degees of feedom ha ae a igh angles o each ohe. The geomey esembles ha of an open ended box. Equaion (9) was muliplied by a faco of wo and educed esuling in equaion (10). Equaion (10) expesses he geomey of he ansiional phoon in ems of is elecical capaciance. The geomey of he ansiional phoon was expessed in ems of is capaciance C in ode o include ohe effecive geomeic configuaions. C e o 10) Equaion (7) was solved fo wavelengh poducing equaion (11). (11) V / f Equaion #11 was inseed ino equaion (10) poducing equaion (1). Equaion (1) expesses he capaciance of he ansiional phoon in ems of is fequency. The inoducion of equaion (11) ses he velociy of sound in he nucleus equal o he velociy of ligh wihin he eleconic sucue of he aom. ov C e f (1) The enegy of an elecical chage is was expessed in ems of is capaciance in equaion (13). (13) Q E C

6 The enegy of ligh wave is a funcion is geomey. This enegy was qualified hough he simulaneous soluion of equaions (1) and (13). The esul (equaion #14) descibes he enegy of a phoon. Equaions (1) and (13) eveal ha his enegy vaies invesely wih capaciance. The volage poduced by an elecical chage inceases as is capaciance deceases. The enegy of a phoon is popoionae o he ampliude of his volage. The enegy of a phoon and a classical wave ae boh funcions ampliude. The elaionship beween he phoon s enegy and fequency, ha was descibed by Planck, is dependen upon his volage. The acion of he ampliude of his volage is fundamenal o he pinciple of quanum coespondence. (14) Q E [ ] f 4e V o The ems wihin he backes [ ] equal Planck s consan. Planck's consan was subsiued fo he quaniy wihin he backes. Einsein s famous phooelecic elaionship was poduced. (15) E hf The enegy of a phoon is a classical funcion of is ampliude. This ampliude was expessed in vols. The phoon ineacs wih mae a poins wee he velociy of sound wihin he nucleus equals he velociy of ligh wihin he eleconic envionmen. The phoon exhibis paicle like popeies a hese poins. The acion of ligh, a ohe poins, is ha of a wave. The fequency of he emied phoon is no ha of any saionay quanum sae, i is ha of he ansiional quanum sae. The Enegy Levels of he Hydogen Aom axwell s heoy pedics ha acceleaing elecons will coninuously emi elecomagneic adiaion. Bound elecons expeience a consan cenipeal acceleaion; howeve, hey do no coninuously emi enegy. Aom s emi buss of enegy a andom inevals. The ansien naue of hese emissions canno be accouned fo by any exising classical heoy. This auho poposes ha he sabiliy of he aom is esablished hough he pinning acion of disconinuiy p. Enegy can beak away fom he gip of he disconinuiy by flowing hough a channel of maching impedance. Poins, of maching impedance, wee qualified by seing he velociy of sound in he nuclea envionmen equal o a hamonic of he angula velociy of ligh aound he disconinuiy (ef. equaion #16). The esul is an expession of he elecon s spin. (16) V n p

7 The fequencies of he ansien elecon wee expessed as a hamonic muliples n of a fundamenal fequency. The ansiional velociy was expessed, in equaion (17), in ems of he poduc of hese fequencies and displacemen p. The chaaceisic impedance of he ineacing sysems is aligned a a velociy descibed by hese fequencies and hamonics (17) V n K p The vaiable elasic consan of he elecon, as given in equaion (4), was inseed equaion (17) poducing equaion (18). V n ( max F / x ) p (18) Equaion (18) was solved fo x esuling in equaion (19). n x F max [ V p ] (19) The quaniy wihin he backes [ ] equals he gound sae adius of he hydogen aom. The educion of he ems wihin he backes poduced equaion (0). (0) n x The esul x equals he pinciple adii of he hydogen aom. The pinciple enegy levels of he hydogen aom wee poduced as a condiion in which he velociy of a mechanical wave wihin he nucleus equals he velociy of an elecomagneic wave. The model can be exended o all of he elemens by allowing facional values of fequency and applying a faco of Z o he elasic consan (ef equaion 19B). The model poduces he enegy levels of he muonic aom when he educed mass of he muon is placed ino he equaion. (ef Equaion 19B) (19B) h V ( ZFmax / x ) ( n / Z) p

8 The saionay enegy levels of he aoms exis as poins of elecomagneic and gaviomagneic disconinuiy. The elecon ansis beween hese levels a poins of elecomagneic and gaviomagneic coninuiy. The pinciple aomic saes exis a poins whee he velociy of ligh wihin he eleconic sucue of he aom equals he velociy of sound wih is nuclea sucue. ABOUT CHARACTERISTIC IPEDANCE The velociy V is invesely popoional o he inducance and capaciance of he sysem. (1) 1 V LC This auho has also descibed he enegy levels of he aoms in ems of an impedance mach. Elecical chaaceisic impedance also a funcion of he capaciance and inducance of he sysem. () L/C A change in he dielecic of a maeial equally effecs he chaaceisic impedance and he velociy of ligh. The elecical popeies of maeials end o vay and he magneic popeies emain mosly consan. The pinciple quanum numbe ae affecs of a change in he elecical consan. These saes exis as poins of maching speed. The pinciple specal lines spli ino seveal fine lines unde he influence of a magneic field. Anold Sommefeld qualified hese fine lines hough he inoducion of a second quanum numbe. 3 Equaions (1) and () divege unde a condiion wee he magneic pemeabiliy of he maeial is vaied. Saes of maching impedance ae no longe associaed wih saes of maching velociies. The fine sucue of he aom emeges unde his condiion. The diffeence beween he lengh of he longe fine and he lengh of he shoe fine line divided by he lengh of he longe line yields he fine sucue consan. The oigin of his consan has been a mysey. Richad Feynman saed, Physiciss pu his numbe up on hei wall and woy abou i. This auho has classically poduced he fine sucue consan as he aio of wice he ansiional velociy o he velociy of ligh. 4 V /c (3) The Inensiy of Specal Emission Boh s semi-classical aomic model could no accoun fo he inensiy of he specal lines. Wene Heisenbeg aanged he popeies of he elecon on a maix. Planck s empiical consan was inseed ad-hoc ino he fomulaion as a commuaive popey of maix muliplicaion. Heisenbeg s soluion poduced he inensiy of he specal emission. The paicle like soluion esablished he field of quanum physics, howeve, i did no povide visual image of he pocess. Lewis deboglie poposed ha mae is a wave. Ewin Schödinge incopoaed deboglie s elecon waves ino a soluion ha also poduced he inensiy of specal emission. The inoducion of he deboglie wave poduced a cleane soluion bu, in he pocess, i inoduced a concepual poblem. How do he discee popeies of mae emege fom a

9 coninuous wave? Schödinge poposed ha he supeposiion of an infinie numbe of waves localized he wave funcion. Wave paens epea a inevals. The soluion suggess ha he paicle appeas a inevals in emoe locaions. ae s paicle naue did no sponaneously emege fom he analysis and Planck s empiical consan had o be, once again, injeced ad-hoc ino he soluion. A paicle emeges, fom he pobabiliy wave, upon he immediae collapse of he wavefuncion. The soluion aemped o exac a paicle ou of a wave and o solve he poblem of wave paicle dualiy. The inepeaion did no povide fo a mechanism o bind he elecon o a sae, disclose he wheeabous of configuaion space, o explain how a wavefuncion collapses a supeluminal velociies The gea scieniss knew nohing of he pah of he quanum ansiion. 5 Thei soluions did no incopoae he pobabiliy of ansiion. Znidasic claims o have discoveed he pah of he quanum ansiion. His consuc is ceneed upon he pobabiliy of ansiion. The ampliude (displacemen) of vibaion a he dimensional fequency of V squaed is popoionae o he pobabiliy of ansiion. The ansiional eleconic sae may be descibed in ems of is cicumfeenial velociy. Equaion (4) descibes he spin of he ansiional quanum sae. V n (4) As befoe, hamonics n of he angula fequency of he ansiional elecon wee deemined using he elecon s elasic consan and mass (ef. equaion #5). (5) n n e K p Equaion #5 was squaed esuling in equaion (6). Equaion (6) expesses he angula velociy of he ansiional quanum sae squaed. (6) K ( n )( n ) n p The ansiional velociy given in (4) was facoed ino equaion (6) poducing equaion (7). This faco esics he velociy of he sysem o ha of sound wihin he nucleus.

10 (7) K ( n )( V ) n p The elasic consan of he elecon was se, in equaion (8), o he adius of he ansiional eleconic sae. K F max (8) The elasic consan of he elecon (8) was placed ino equaion (7) esuling in equaion (9). F max ( n )( V ) n p (9) Equaion (9) was solved fo he adius of he ansiional quanum sae (30). (30) F f max n p V The consans in equaion (30) wee egouped and he numeao and denominao wee muliplied by a faco of 4 esuling in equaion (31). 4Fmax p [ V n ]( 8 f ) (31) The facos wihin he [ ] equal Planck's consan. The educion of he ems wihin he backes poduced, Equaion (3), he known fomulaion fo he ampliude of eleconic hamonic moion squaed.

11 nh 8 f (3) This fomulaion expesses he inensiy of he ligh emied by he hamonic moion of an elecon. The inensiy of his emission is a funcion of he pobabiliy of ansiion. The pobabiliy of ansiion is popoionae o he ampliude of he ansiional quanum sae squaed. The soluion equies no pobabiliy waves, special configuaion spaces, o paadoxical quanum pinciples. 6 A CONVERGENCE OF THE OTION CONSTANTS I has been shown ha he quanum condiion aises hough he acion of an impedance mach. This mach songly couples elecomagneic and mechanical waves. This esul suggess ha he foces ha mediae he mechanical and elecical waves also convege. This auho suggess ha impedance maching popey of he ansiional quanum sae exends o he dynamic componen of each of he naual foces. These componens ae no a conseved and can be amplified unde ceain condiions. The dynamic magneic componen of he naual foces ineac songly and a ange duing he quanum ansiion. This song ineacion pemis he quanum ansiion o poceed unifomiy and wihou bounce. This auho s heoem, The consans of he moion end owad he elecomagneic in a Bose condensae ha is simulaed a a dimensional fequency of megahez-mees descibes his song gaviomagneic and elecomagneic ineacion. The expeimenal esuls of cold fusion expeimens also suppo he idea ha he naual foce ineac songly. These eacions poceed wihou poducing a commensuae amoun adiaion. No adiaion will be emied afe he ange of he song nuclea spin obi foce has exended o ha of he elecomagneic. The pocess of quanum ansiion also suppos he idea of a convegence in he moion consans occus. This pocess changes he sae of a paicle. The fequency of an emied phoon, fo example, is no ha of any saionay quanum sae. The fequency of he emied phoon is an effec of he acion of he ansiional quanum sae. The econfiguaion of a sae is faciliaed hough he song ineacion of naual foces. The collapse of he wavefuncion and he non-local naue of he quanum ealm also suppo he idea of a convegence in he moion consans occus. The convegence of he moion consans, wihin he ansiional quanum sae, inceases he sysem s negaive gaviaional poenial o he poin whee i equals is posiive enegy. The composie zeo enegy wavefuncion is able o immediaely collapse. The flow of he mahemaics wihin his pape also suppo he idea of a convegence in he moion consans occus. The adius p ess a he poin whee he sengh of a poon s elecical field equals he sengh of is song nuclea field. This equalizaion, in he sengh of he wo fields, enegeically couples elecomagneic foce o he song nuclea foce. The adius p is a a poin whee he elecical foce beween wo elecons (9.05 Newons) is of he magniude o induce he gaviaional field of he elecon. This affec esablishes he ansiional aomic sae as a poin elecomagneic, gaviomagneic, and nuclea coninuiy.

12 The Classical deboglie Wave Equaion (1) was solved fo fequency in equaion (33). The esul is he Compon fequency of he elecon. The fequency and displacemen ae expessions of he spin of he sysem. (33) f c V p The elecon undulaes, a he Compon fequency, in simple hamonic moion. This moion is a funcion of he elasic consan of he elecon a a displacemen equal o he gound sae adius of he hydogen aom (34). (34) f c 1/ K / Cuen models offe no explanaion as o why he undulaing eleconic waves do no coninuously adiae enegy. This issue was bushed aside in he Copenhagen Inepeaion of quanum physics. Classical sysems ae consuced by fasening componens ogehe. Fasenes ae mechanical disconinuiies. The same binding mechanism can aach a field. The elecomagneic field is, fo example, pinned ino he sucue of a supeconduco by inoduced defecs (disconinuiies). This auho has suggesed ha mass and kineic enegy ae pinned ino he sucue of mae a elasic disconinuiies. This enegy is shaken fee of his disconinuiy hough he acion of a vibaion a he dimensional fequency of V. A paicle like elasic disconinuiy p appeas in equaions (3) and (17). The disconinuiy acs as a pilo and pevens he coninuous emission of he wave. The use of a single binding mechanism, in boh classical and quanum sysems, is a simplificaion. This simplificaion is in accodance wih pinciple of Occam's azo. The phase speed of disubances wihin he pinned fields is luminal. The goup speed V of he packe is ha of he disconinuiy. The condiion esembles ha of a siff imaginay bell. Sound wihin such a bell would popagae a he phase speed c. The enie bell would swing a he goup speed V. DeBoglie suggesed ha he mae wave naually emeges, fom he supeposiion of he Compon wave and is Dopple shifed efecion, unde his condiion. Classical Dopple shif is given in equaion (35). (35) f f1(1 v / c) The ampliude of a Compon wave, as given in equaion (36), is he supeposiion of he wave and is Dopple shifed eflecion. The phases of he waves, a ime zeo, wee se 90 degees ou of phase by he addiion of. The ampliude of his wave a ime zeo is zeo. This is he condiion a he suface of mae.

13 (36) f ( ) sin(f ) sin(f (1 v/ c) ) c c A maxima in he wave was poduced by seing he phases, of he waves equal. This is he condiion a he cene of he wave. 1 (37) f f (1 v/ c) c c (38) Replacing he Compon fequency wih is conempoay value of he Compon fequency esuled in equaion (39). (39) ( c / h) ( c / h) (1 v/ c) The educion of equaion (39) yields equaion (40). h c v (40) This auho s inepeaion saes ha he phase speed of he mae wave is luminal. This luminal displacemen c was eplaced, unde his inepeaion, wih he wavelengh of he deboglie wave. The esul, equaion (41), is he deboglie wave of mae. d h v (41) Schödinge incopoaed Planck s consan and deboglie s waves wihin his wave equaion. Schödinge s wave equaion is cuenly held o be an ieducible enemen of naue. I descibes mos of physics and all of chemisy. This auho has poduced Planck s consan and he deboglie wave fom a fundamenal classical agumen. This emegence has povided a classical foundaion fo he Schödinge wave equaion. 6 No special configuaional spaces wee equied. This line of easoning was exended o poduce a unificaion of quanum physics and Special Relaiviy efe o ( hp:// ).

14 NEW TECHNOLOGIES This analysis suggess ha a macoscopic body may be foced ino a sae of quanum ansiion. Tillions of aoms may be adjoined wihin a single ansiional sae hough a pocess involving he exenal vibaion of a Bose condensae. Song gaviaional and long ange nuclea foces may be induced. The use of hese song, long ange foces could povide new souces of populsion, allow fo he educion of nuclea wase, and lead o he developmen of new souces of enegy. CONCLUSION The field of quanum physics was evolves aound he saionay quanum sae. New obsevables have emeged fom expeimens involving low enegy nuclea eacions. This auho, wih he use of hese obsevables, has developed esuls as a condiion of he ansiional quanum sae. These esuls povide a causaive classical explanaion fo he quanum condiion and may lead o he developmen of evoluionay new echnologies. NOENCLATURE F c = 1.36 x 10 0 hez, he Compon fequency of he elecon F max = 9.05 Newons, he elecon s foce maximum K -e = 9.05/ x Newons/mee, he elasic consan of he elecon -e = x kg, he mass of he elecon n = 1.67 x 10-7 kg, he mass of a nucleon p = x mees, he adius of enegeic accessibiliy +h =.59 x mees, he adius of he hydogen aom V = x 10 6 mees pe second, he ansiional velociy = 1.36 x mees, he nuclea Femi momenum spacing n REFERENCES 1. I. Benad Cohen, Heny Cew, Joseph von Faunhofe, De Wi Bisol Bac, The Wave heoy, ligh and Speca. Aye Publishing, Robe Bunsen, Jounal of he Ameican Chemical Sociey, Volume, L Hamann, Johann Jakob Balme, Physikalische Bläe 5 (1949), W. Riz, agneische Aomfelde und Seienspeken, Annalen de Physik, Viee Folge. Band 5, 1908, p Planck ax, On he Law of he Disibuion of Enegy in he Nomal Specum, Annalon de Physik, Vol. 4, p 553, (1901). 6. Einsein Albe, Developmen of ou Concepion of he Naue and Consiuion of Radiaion, Physikalische Zeischif, (1909) 7. Boh Niels, On he Consiuion of Aoms and olecules, Philosophical agazine, Seies 6, Vol. 6, pp 1-5 (1913) 8. axwell James Clek, A Dynamical Theoy of he Elecomagneic Field, Philosophical Tansacions of he Royal Sociey of London, Vol. 155, (1865) 9. Lewis deboglie, Recheches su la héoie des quana (Reseaches on he quanum heoy), Thesis, Pais, 194

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