Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya
|
|
- Sharon Lucas
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Taxonomy Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya, mostly heterotrophic, live in all sorts of environments Largest group of organisms on Earth Only a small amount cause disease Most have very important roles:, such as cyanobacteria : decomposers that break down dead material. : they have a relationship with other organisms (bacteria in your gut). Hot springs, hydrothermal vents, extremely acidic or alkaline water, anoxic mud swamps, petroleum deposits, and the digestive tracts of cows, termites, and marine life where they produce methane. Vast differences in genetic and biochemical make-up from other bacteria. = have a nucleus, can be unicellular or multicellular 1. Kingdom Protista: unicellular eukaryotes, multicellular algae 2. Kingdom Plantae: have cell walls made of cellulose, and obtains energy through photosynthesis 3. Kingdom Fungi: Cell walls are made of chitin, obtains energy by absorbing nutrients 4. Kingdom Animalia- no cell walls, obtains energy by ingesting other organisms 1
2 2
3 Wacky History of the Cell Video Questions ( 1. Name of the spectacle maker from the Netherlands who lived in the early 1600 s. 2. What was this scientist famous for? 3. Name of the Dutch scientist who made his own microscope. 4. What famous discovery did this scientist make with his home-made microscope? How did he make this discovery? 5. What did he call his discovery? 6. Name of the English scientist who is credited for coming up with the term cell. 7. What was this scientist looking at when he came up with the name cell? 8. Why did he call them cells? 9. What did Robert Hooke do to make Sir Isaac Newton mad? 10. Why does no one know what Robert Hooke looked like? 11. Name of the German botanist (one who studies plants) from the 1800 s. 12. What discovery was this German botanist famous for? 13. Name of another German scientist from the 1800 s that studied animals. 14. What was this German scientist famous for? 15. What part of the cell theory did Schleiden and Schwann disagree on? 16. What did Schleiden believe? 17. What did Schwann believe? 18. Who was right? 19. What scientist proved all cells come from other cells? 3
4 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotes Oldest fossil prokaryote 3.5 billion years No One strand of circular membrane bound organelles Very small Single celled Ex - Bacteria Eukaryotes Evolved 1.5 bya Has a with membrane bound organelles is linear and stored in the nucleus Multicellular or unicellular Larger, more complex Ex - Plants, animals, fungi, and protists How are they similar? Both have to make, cell membrane,, and cytoplasm 4
5 Benefits of Bacteria to humans and animals, especially in digestion. : some produce oxygen, while others help cycle carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus throughout the environment. : living things break down pollutants. Some bacteria can digest oil and are used to clean up oil spills. Bacterial diseases Cross Section of Intestinal Wall Food comes in Bacteria help break down food Bacteria produce needed vitamins Bacteria keep the intestine wall clean Can attack the cells in tissues. o Ex - Tuberculosis/TB, is caused by bacteria that invade the lungs and use the tissues for nutrients Can make poisons called toxins o Blood carries it to other parts of the body. o Ex - Food poisoning Antibiotics Antibiotics are used to fight o Chemicals that kill or slow the growth of bacteria o Work by stopping the from developing. Animal cells and viruses do not have cell walls. : overuse of antibiotics has caused certain strains of bacteria to become resistant to medications. This allows bacteria to survive and reproduce. 5
6 Cell Structures Organelle Function Plant Animal peroxisome Cilia centriole lysosome cell membrane cytoplasm mitochondrion smooth endoplasmic reticulum flagellum cytoskeleton Contains enzymes that are responsible for metabolic processes Hair like projections that aid in movement Aids in cell division (mitosis) Contains enzymes that break down old cell parts, bacteria, and viruses Regulates what enters and leaves the cell; selectively permeable A jellylike liquid that contains dissolved materials and or]ganelles Powerhouse of the cell, site of cellular respiration Makes lipids, breaks down drugs and alcohol, controls calcium Whip-like tail projection that aids in movement Network of proteins that maintains cell shape nuclear pores Allow large molecules to pass between the nucleus and cytoplasm nuclear Double membrane around the nucleus, protection membrane/envelope DNA Coiled around proteins called histones; DNA + proteins = chromatin nucleolus Dense region in center of nucleus that makes ribosomes nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes golgi body golgi vesicle amyloplast plasmodesma Control center of the cell, stores DNA Covered in ribosomes, produces and transports proteins Site of protein synthesis Processes, sorts, and packages proteins and carbohydrates into vesicles for export out of cell; UPS of the cell Contains and transports substances throughout the cell; UPS delivery truck Synthesizes and stores starch Allows neighboring plant cells to exchange materials tonoplast Semi-permeable membrane that regulates what goes in and out of vacuole central vacuole Large fluid filled sac used for storage of needed materials (H 2O, food, enzymes, etc) chloroplast Carries out photosynthesis by capturing and converting solar energy cell wall Rigid outer surface made of cellulose that supports, protects, and gives shape to the cell 6
7 The Cell Membrane The main function is to material moving in and out of the cell. Selective Permeability o Permeability depends on: Fluid Mosaic Model Charge (ions) A membrane is a fluid structure (can move easily), with a mosaic of various proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol embedded in it. Phospholipid Bilayer heads face the outside and tails form the middle Transport and receptor are embedded in the cell membrane o go all the way through o on the surface Cholesterol reduces fluidity 7
8 Cell Transport 8
9 Passive Transport NO ENERGY REQUIRED 1. Diffusion Movement of molecules their (high to low) Results from the natural random motion of molecules Ex diffuses into your blood from your lungs, air freshener spreads throughout a room 2. Osmosis Diffusion of across a from water concentration (low solute) to water concentration (high solute) Most cells have special water transport proteins called Solutions are described based on their, or concentration of solutes in the water relative to another solution o - Equal solutes water moves in and out at the same rate o - More solute water moves toward it (fresh water fish in salt water) o - Less solute water moves away from it (salt water fish in fresh water) 9
10 3. Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion of or molecules across a membrane using the help of a Facilitate means to make Ex Glucose and amino acids use facilitated diffusion to cross the cell membrane Active Transport REQUIRES ENERGY 1. Protein pumps Move materials Use to move the molecules Ex packing glucose into liver cells for storage, Na + -K + pump 2. Endocytosis Brings large substances the cell by forming a around the substance Ex : White blood cells eat bacteria 3. Exocytosis large substances from the cell using a Ex Neurotransmitters are released from nerve cells, hormones are released from endocrine glands 10
11 Complete the table. Transport Method Passive or Active? Does any structure help? (No, Membrane Protein, or Vesicle) Example of substance(s) that use this method of transport in cells DIFFUSION FACILITATED DIFFUSION OSMOSIS SODIUM-POTASSIUM (NA + -K + ) PUMP ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS Directions: Identify the type of transport depicted in the diagrams. Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Exocytosis Endocytosis Osmosis Sodium-Potassium Pump 11
12 Photosynthesis Equation for photosynthesis Chloroplasts and Chlorophyll Photosynthesis occurs in the of plant cells : green pigment found in chloroplasts o There are two main types, chlorophyll a and b, that absorb mostly and light o Green color in plants comes from the reflection of the green wavelengths by chlorophyll. Two Processes 1. Light dependent reactions= 2. Light independent reactions/calvin Cycle= 12
13 Light dependent reactions Requires Take place in the Water and sunlight are needed absorbs energy Energy is transferred along the thylakoid membrane to the light-independent reactions is released as a waste product ATP is produced as a final step. The enzyme is responsible for making ATP by adding phosphate groups to ADP. Light independent reactions AKA Reactions occur in the Uses the energy transferred from the light dependent reactions to make sugars. Carbon enters as and leaves as Light Dependent Reaction in detail Light E causes an electron (e - ) to leave chlorophyll in photosystem II Light splits water - photolysis o ½ O 2 is a waste product o Electrons given to chlorophyll to replace lost electron o H + used later NADPH: Transports high energy around during photosynthesis; like a 13
14 Light Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle in detail : when carbon from the atmosphere is fixed into an organic carbon molecule is the enzyme used fix carbon in the first step. Most abundant enzyme on Earth! Each cycle creates one 3C molecule. Two cycles = 1 glucose
15 Label the diagram using your notes. Review! Photosynthesis: Reaction Location Reactants Products Light Dependent Rxn Light Independent Rxn/Calvin Cycle 15
16 Cellular Respiration Equation for Cellular Respiration Mitochondria Cellular respiration occurs in the of all eukaryotic cells Two types 1. Aerobic = 2. Anaerobic = Three Processes in Aerobic Respiration 1. Glycolysis= 2. Kreb s Cycle = 3. Electron Transport Chain= 16
17 1. Glycolysis (Glyco =, Lysis = ) Occurs with or without Splits into two 3 carbon molecules called Produces 2 and 2 2. Kreb s Cycle is broken down into molecules Produces 2 more, several and molecules (more school buses for e - and H + ) Highlight all the products of the Kreb s cycle 17
18 3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) from NADH and FADH 2 pass down a chain of molecules Energy released used to pump H + into intermembrane space H + ions back into matrix through ATP synthase Yields per glucose Why do we need O2?? At end of, e - caught by which combines with H +, making No means has nowhere to go ETC backs up with Respiration stops = What happens when there is no O2?? Occurs after Regenerates empty so that can continue Two types: 1. In plants, fungi 2. In animals 18
19 1. Alcohol Fermentation Produces alcohol produced by yeast makes bread rise 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation Creates burning sensation in muscles during intense exercise due to 19
20 Label the diagram using your notes. Review! Aerobic Respiration: Reaction Location Reactants Products Glycolysis Aerobic Respiration Fermentation/Anaerobic Fermentation 20
21 The Discovery of DNA Frederick Griffith Oswald Avery Watson and Crick Erwin Chargaff Rosalind Franklin
22 DNA Structure Nucleotides nucleotides in DNA Each has a, a, and a The in the sugar are numbered DNA Base pairs: o o o Held together by bonds Two strands of nucleotides that run in opposite directions o Called DNA Replication Why does DNA need to replicate (copy)? Every time cells, they need to replicate their DNA o This allows each cell to have a full set of the parent cell s DNA The process of,, and the parent DNA Results in two copies of the parent DNA Each new double helix contains one strand and one strand This is called o of original DNA was conserved or saved 22
23 Cells divide before growing too large Before dividing, cells must prepare Preparation = o : Cell grows larger o : Cell makes (synthesizes) new for daughter cell o : Cell makes new for daughter cell + = Cell division Chromosomes Each chromosome is during the A replicated chromosome has two identical connected by a DNA is supercoiled in chromosomes, tightly wrapped around o Allows 6.5 feet of DNA to fit in a single human nucleus 23
24 Mitosis Four Stages (PMAT) 1. (pro- means ) 2. (meta- means ) 3. (ana- means ) 4. (telo- means ) Prophase condenses into and disintegrate migrate to opposite ends of the cell form in football shape across cell Metaphase line up in the middle (equator) of the cell attach to Anaphase Sister chromatids Spindle fibers, pulling chromatids to opposite ends of cell cells begin to pinch in cells begin to form in the middle 24
25 Telophase built from around each set of chromosomes reforms in each nucleus Chromosomes become mass of Cytokinesis Final division of resulting in two daughter cells CM pinches together Cell plate forms new dividing the daughter cells Regulating the Cell Cycle Cyclins: External factors: and Internal factors: and : programmed cell death Cell cycle has Cancer results when cells do not respond to Cells unregulated, forming a Tumor surrounding tissue 25
26 Binary Fission Cell division/reproduction in and some single celled eukaryotes Creates offspring to the parent cell Form of reproduction Review! Redraw the diagrams below in the correct phase of the cell cycle. The Cell Cycle 26
Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya
Taxonomy Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya, mostly heterotrophic, live in all sorts of environments Largest group of organisms on Earth Only a small amount cause disease Most have very important roles:, such
More informationHonors Biology-CW/HW Cell Biology 2018
Class: Date: Honors Biology-CW/HW Cell Biology 2018 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Hooke s discovery of cells was made observing a. living
More informationhttp://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html 4A: Students will compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Robert Hooke (1665) Used a compound microscope to look at thin slices of cork (oak
More informationCell Theory Essential Questions
Cells Vocab words 1. Cell 2. Cell theory 3. Nucleus 4. Eukaryote 5. Prokaryote 6. Organelle 7. Cytoplasm 8. Nuclear envelope 9. Chromatin 10. Chromosome 11. Nucleolus 12. Ribosome 13. Endoplasmic reticulum
More informationOverview of Cells. Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes The Cell Organelles The Endosymbiotic Theory
Overview of Cells Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes The Cell Organelles The Endosymbiotic Theory Prokaryotic Cells Archaea Bacteria Come in many different shapes and sizes.5 µm 2 µm, up to 60 µm long Have large
More information8/25/ Opening Questions: Are all living things made of cells? What are at least five things you know about cells?
Chapter 3 The Cell: Module Hyperlinks 3.1 Cells are the fundamental units of life 3.2 Plant vs. animal cells 3.3 Membranes: structure 3.4 Membranes: function 3.5 The nucleus 3.6 Organelles in protein production
More informationHonors Biology Midterm Review
Honors Biology Midterm Review 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE Match each item in the boxes with a characteristic a. Reproduction (DNA) 1-passing DNA on to 1, 5 offspring b. Homeostasis 2-trait that helps 7,
More informationDiscovery of the Cell
Cell Structure Discovery of the Cell Who discovered cells? 1665 Robert Hooke used a compound microscope to examine a piece of cork (20X magnification) He saw little boxes in the cork and called them cells
More informationBiology. Mrs. Michaelsen. Types of cells. Cells & Cell Organelles. Cell size comparison. The Cell. Doing Life s Work. Hooke first viewed cork 1600 s
Types of cells bacteria cells Prokaryote - no organelles Cells & Cell Organelles Doing Life s Work Eukaryotes - organelles animal cells plant cells Cell size comparison Animal cell Bacterial cell most
More informationCell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function Cell size comparison Animal cell Bacterial cell What jobs do cells have to do for an organism to live Gas exchange CO 2 & O 2 Eat (take in & digest food) Make energy ATP Build
More informationAnaphase. Third phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Animal Cell
Anaphase Third phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Animal Cell Antony Van Leevwenhoek 1643- Dutch microscope maker and merchant, observed and described
More informationBASIC BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
BASIC BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES A1 A1. Basic Biological Principles 1. Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms 2. Compare cellular structures and their function
More information3 The Organization of Living Things
CHAPTER 1 SECTION Cells: The Basic Units of Life 3 The Organization of Living Things BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are the advantages of
More informationChemistry of Life Cells & Bioprocesses CRT Review
Chemistry of Life Cells & Bioprocesses CRT Review Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life macromolecules - The four types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins Types of Macromolecules
More informationCells Cytology = the study of cells. Nonliving Levels. Organization Levels of Life. Living Levels 11/14/13. More Living Levels
Cells Cytology = the study of cells What Are the Main Characteristics of organisms? 1. Made of CELLS 2. Require ENERGY (food) 3. REPRODUCE (species) 4. Maintain HOMEOSTASIS 5. ORGANIZED 6. RESPOND to environment
More informationBasic Structure of a Cell
Basic Structure of a Cell Prokaryotic Cells No nucleus Archaea & Eubacteria One circular chromosome Extremely small Eukaryotic Cells Has a nucleus!!! Membrane-bound organelles Plants, Animals, Fungi, &
More informationBiology EOC Review. Scientific Method. 1. List the steps of the scientific method: Define the following: Hypothesis: Theory: Law:
Scientific Method 1. List the steps of the scientific method: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2. Define the following: Hypothesis: Theory: Law: Biology EOC Review 3. Three redwood trees are kept at different humidity
More informationCell Theory. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function for all living things, but no one knew they existed before the 17 th century!
Cell Notes Cell Theory All living organisms are made of. cells The cell is the basic unit of structure and function for all living things, but no one knew they existed before the 17 th century! In 1665,
More informationCHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE ORGANIZATION OF LIFE CELL THEORY TIMELINE
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 1. composed of cells either uni/multi 2. reproduce sexual and/or asexual 3. contain DNA in cells 4. grow and develop 5. use material/energy in metabolic reactions 6. respond to
More information5. The cells in the liver that detoxify poison substances contain lots of a. smooth ER b. rough ER c. Golgi apparatus d. lysosomes e.
Chapter 7 practice 1. What scientist originally came up with the term "cell"? a. von Leeuwenhoek d. Watson b. Hooke e. Virchow c. van der Waals 2. When you wish to look at the coat of a virus on the surface
More informationFunction and Illustration. Nucleus. Nucleolus. Cell membrane. Cell wall. Capsule. Mitochondrion
Intro to Organelles Name: Block: Organelles are small structures inside cells. They are often covered in membranes. Each organelle has a job to do in the cell. Their name means little organ. Just like
More informationCell Structure: What cells are made of. Can you pick out the cells from this picture?
Cell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture? Review of the cell theory Microscope was developed 1610. Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw living things in pond water. 1677
More informationCell Theory and Structure. Discoveries What are Cells? Cell Theory Cell Structures Organelles
Cell Theory and Structure Discoveries What are Cells? Cell Theory Cell Structures Organelles Discoveries In 1665 Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of cork from an oak tree What he saw reminded him of
More informationSome history. Now, we know that Robert Hooke was not looking at living cells, but the remains of dead cell walls.
The Life of a Cell Some history In 1665, Robert Hooke examined the bark of an oak tree under an early microscope. He thought he was looking at something similar to the small rooms of dormitories and prisons;
More informationCELL THEORY & FUNCTION
UNIT 1- THE CELL CELL THEORY & FUNCTION A Word From Bill Record your observations about the picture to the right. What do you think you are you looking at? Describe the structure with as much detail
More informationCELL TYPE. Unit #4: Cell Structure & Func2on. Classifica(on, Endosymbiosis, Cell Type, Cell Organelles
Unit #4: Cell Structure & Func2on Classifica(on, Endosymbiosis, Cell Type, Cell Organelles How are prokaryo(c cells and eukaryo(c cells similar? different? CELL TYPE Cell Theory Many scientists were involved
More informationIntroduction to Cells
Life Science Introduction to Cells All life forms on our planet are made up of cells. In ALL organisms, cells have the same basic structure. The scientist Robert Hooke was the first to see cells under
More informationCell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Prokaryotic cells: Pro- Before, Karyot- Center or Nucleus Very Basic Cells with no membrane bound organelles. DNA is not separate from the rest of the
More information2. Cellular and Molecular Biology
2. Cellular and Molecular Biology 2.1 Cell Structure 2.2 Transport Across Cell Membranes 2.3 Cellular Metabolism 2.4 DNA Replication 2.5 Cell Division 2.6 Biosynthesis 2.1 Cell Structure What is a cell?
More informationStudy Guide Chapter
Study Guide Chapter 4-10152015 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. During the process of diffusion, a. cell surrounds and absorbs large particles.
More informationIntroduction to Cells. Intro to Cells. Scientists who contributed to cell theory. Cell Theory. There are 2 types of cells: All Cells:
Intro to Cells Key Concept: Cells are the basic unit of life. Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: 1 Animal Cell
More informationBiology 1 Notebook. Review Answers Pages 17 -?
Biology 1 Notebook Review Answers Pages 17 -? The History of Cell Studies 1. Robert Hook (1665) used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork. The little boxes he observed reminded him of the small
More informationIntroduction to Cells
Life Science Introduction to Cells All life forms on our planet are made up of cells. In ALL organisms, cells have the same basic structure. The scientist Robert Hooke was the first to see cells under
More informationPhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Name Date Class CHAPTER 5 TEST PREP PRETEST Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each
More informationChapter 4 Cells: The Basic Units of Life The Big Idea All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Chapter 4 Cells: The Basic Units of Life The Big Idea All organisms are composed of one or more cells. Section 1 The Characteristics of Cells Key Concept Cells function similarly in all living organisms.
More informationWhat is a cell? 2 Exceptions to The Cell Theory. Famous People. Can You Identify This Object? Basic Unit of all forms of Life. 1.
Can You Identify This Object? CELLS Day 1: CELLULAR COMPONENTS & PROCESES What is a cell? Collection of living material enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from it s surroundings Basic Unit of
More informationTurns sunlight, water & carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into sugar & oxygen through photosynthesis
CELL PART/ ORGANELLE FUNCTION (what it does) PICTURE Plant, Animal, or Both Cell Membrane controls what goes in & out of the cell protects the cell Nucleus directs all the cell s activities contains cell
More informationMicroorganisms Answer Key
Microorganisms Answer Key 1. What is NOT a part of the water cycle? a. condensation b. evaporation c. transpiration d. bacteria 2. Unicellular prokaryotes that may be spherical, rod or spiral shaped. a.
More informationCell Types. Prokaryotes
Cell Types Prokaryotes before nucleus no membrane-bound nucleus only organelle present is the ribosome all other reactions occur in the cytoplasm not very efficient Ex.: bacteria 1 Cell Types Eukaryotes
More informationII. Eukaryotic Cell Structure A. Boundaries 1. plasma membrane a. serves as a boundary b/w the cell and its environment b. controls movement of
I. History of the cell theory A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1600s) - dutch lens maker could see things with his lenses that were invisible to the naked eye - developed the simple microscope B. Robert Hooke
More informationChapter Outline. The Living Cell. The Cell Theory. The Nature and Variety of Cells. Cell theory. Observing Cells: The Microscope
Chapter Outline The Living Cell Chapter 21 The Nature and Variety of Cells How Does a Cell Work? Metabolism: Energy and Life Cell Division Great Idea: Life is based on chemistry, and chemistry takes place
More informationChapter: Life's Structure and Classification
Table of Contents Chapter: Life's Structure and Classification Section 1: Living Things 1- What is an organism? Any living thing is called an organism. Organisms vary in size: 1)one-celled or unicellular
More informationMIDTERM EXAM Figure 7-1
No. MIDTERM EXAM 2014 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark your response on your answer sheet. (1 point each) 1. Which of the following is
More informationNAME: PERIOD: The Cell and Its Functions
NAME: PERIOD: The Cell and Its Functions Directions: Using your notes and book as a guide, complete the following questions to review everything we have learned about cells, their parts, and any functions
More informationCells and Their Organelles
Mr. Ulrich Regents Biology Name:.. Cells and Their Organelles The cell is the basic unit of life. The following is a glossary of animal cell terms. All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. The cell
More informationChapter Life Is Cellular
Chapter 7 7-1 Life Is Cellular The Discovery of the Cell Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a single-lens microscope to observe tiny little organisms in pond water. The Discovery of the Cell In 1665, Robert Hooke
More informationMultiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
chapter 7 Test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Who was one of the first people to identify and see cork cells? a. Anton van
More informationBiology: Life on Earth
Teresa Audesirk Gerald Audesirk Bruce E. Byers Biology: Life on Earth Eighth Edition Lecture for Chapter 4 Cell Structure and Function Copyright 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 4 Outline 4.1 What
More informationTo help you complete this review activity and to help you study for your test, you should read SC State Standards B
Name: Test Date: PAGE: Biology I: Unit 3 Cell Structure Review for Unit Test Directions: You should use this as a guide to help you study for your test. You should also read through your notes, worksheets,
More informationCELL HISTORY, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CELL HISTORY, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION The cell is the smallest unit of life that can carry out life processes. Chapter 4 Robert Hooke 1665 -observed cork through a light microscope. Anton Van Leewenhoek
More informationWhat in the Cell is Going On?
What in the Cell is Going On? Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect... (July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703) In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings
More informationCELL PART Expanded Definition Cell Structure Illustration Function Summary Location ALL CELLS DNA Common in Animals Uncommon in Plants Lysosome
CELL PART Expanded Definition Cell Structure Illustration Function Summary Location is the material that contains the Carry genetic ALL CELLS information that determines material inherited characteristics.
More informationHonors Biology summer assignment. Review the notes and study them. There will be a test on this information the 1 st week of class
Honors Biology summer assignment Review the notes and study them. There will be a test on this information the 1 st week of class Biomolecules Molecules that make up living things. There are 4 molecules
More informationWhat is a cell? Recall your work yesterday. When classifying cells, what are the two groups scientists separate cells into?
What is a cell? Recall your work yesterday. When classifying cells, what are the two groups scientists separate cells into? Light Microscopes and Total Power Magnification We can use microscopes to observe
More informationB-2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of cells and their organelles.
B-2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of cells and their organelles. B-2.1 Recall the three major tenets of cell theory (all living things are composed of one
More informationCells & Cell Organelles. Doing Life s Work
Cells & Cell Organelles Doing Life s Work Types of cells bacteria cells Prokaryote Eukaryotes animal cells plant cells Cell size comparison Animal cell Bacterial cell most bacteria 1-10 microns eukaryotic
More information02/02/ Living things are organized. Analyze the functional inter-relationship of cell structures. Learning Outcome B1
Analyze the functional inter-relationship of cell structures Learning Outcome B1 Describe the following cell structures and their functions: Cell membrane Cell wall Chloroplast Cytoskeleton Cytoplasm Golgi
More informationCellular Transportation & Respiration
Cellular Transportation & Respiration Passive Transport A cell membrane is semiperamble, which means that it allows only certain substances to enter or leave a cell. Passive transport is the movement of
More informationprotein synthesis cell theory Centrioles specialization. unicellular ribosomes. mitochondria cell interdependence prokaryotes
All cells must generate proteins. Cells make protein through a process called protein synthesis All living things are made of cells, Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms,
More informationCell Structure and Function How do the structures and processes of a cell enable it to survive?
Name Cell Structure and Function Date How do the structures and processes of a cell enable it to survive? Before You Read Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about the topic. Record
More information3.1 Cell Theory. KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life.
3.1 Cell Theory KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life. 3.1 Cell Theory The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope. Many scientists contributed to
More informationNAME: PERIOD: DATE: A View of the Cell. Use Chapter 8 of your book to complete the chart of eukaryotic cell components.
NAME: PERIOD: DATE: A View of the Cell Use Chapter 8 of your book to complete the chart of eukaryotic cell components. Cell Part Cell Wall Centriole Chloroplast Cilia Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic
More informationCells and Their Organelles
Cells and Their Organelles The cell is the basic unit of life. The following is a glossary of animal cell terms. All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing
More informationName: Date: Hour:
Name: Date: Hour: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Comprehension Questions 1. At what level of organization does life begin? 2. What surrounds all cells? 3. What is meant by semipermeable? 4. What 2 things make up the cell
More informationCell Is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life and are often called
The Cell Cell Is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life and are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of
More informationAsk yourself. Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function. Examples of Cells. A is cell the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function Ask yourself If you were a scientist living in the 1500s, what kind of questions would you ask yourself if you were the one to discover cells? Let me think. Cell Video
More informationStudy Guide: Fall Final Exam H O N O R S B I O L O G Y : U N I T S 1-5
Study Guide: Fall Final Exam H O N O R S B I O L O G Y : U N I T S 1-5 Directions: The list below identifies topics, terms, and concepts that will be addressed on your Fall Final Exam. This list should
More information7 th Grade Science Unit 2NCFE Review
7 th Grade Science Unit 2NCFE Review Cells The basic units of a living system or organism 2 Types of Cells: Prokaryotic - Cells that don t have a membrane-covered nucleus for example: bacteria Eukaryotic
More information7-1 Life Is Cellular. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
7-1 Life Is Cellular The Discovery of the Cell What is the cell theory? The Discovery of the Cell The cell theory states: All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure
More informationAcademic Biology: Midterm Review
Academic Biology: Midterm Review Quarter #1 Chapter 1: The Science of Biology Biology the study of the living world Scientific Method Step 1: Observation Step 2: Forming a Question Step 3: Form a Hypothesis
More informationCELL BIOLOGY. Which of the following cell structures does not have membranes? A. Ribosomes B. Mitochondria C. Chloroplasts D.
1 CELL BIOLOGY PROKARYOTIC and EUKARYOTIC SP/1. SP/2. SP/4. Plant and animal cells both have A. ribosomes, cell walls and mitochondria. B. Golgi apparatus, chromosomes and mitochondria. C. Golgi apparatus,
More informationBIOLOGY Cell Review Notes (source: SW Biology 11)
BIOLOGY Cell Review Notes (source: SW Biology 11) CELL STRUCTURE, FUNCTION & PROCESS Both living and nonliving things are composed of molecules made from chemical elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
More informationand their organelles
and their organelles Discovery Video: Cells REVIEW!!!! The Cell Theory 1. Every living organism is made of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. It is the smallest
More informationDiscovery of the Cell
Cells Chapter 4 Discovery of the Cell 1665 Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a piece of cork. He saw little boxes in the cork and called them cells. 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person
More informationUnit 3: Cells. Objective: To be able to compare and contrast the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells.
Unit 3: Cells Objective: To be able to compare and contrast the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells (unicellular or multicellular).
More informationName: Class: Date: ID: A
Class: Date: Ch 7 Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Researchers use fluorescent labels and light microscopy to a. follow
More informationCell Structure and Function Unit 4
Cell Structure and Function Unit 4 Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. RECALL... Levels of Organization! Why do we call them cells? In 1665, Robert
More informationWhat is a cell? (*Know the parts of the microscope!)
Cells What is a cell? All living things have cells whether it is one or many! Therefore, a cell is the basic unit of all life. The invention of the microscope was pivotal to the study of cell biology.
More information1- What are rod-shaped bacteria called? A. cocci B. bacilli C. spirilla D. halophiles
Question 1: Multiple Choice (20 Marks) 1- What are rod-shaped bacteria called? A. cocci B. bacilli C. spirilla D. halophiles 2- The eukaryotic nucleus houses all of the following except the A. RNA B. DNA
More informationCell Review: Day "Pseudopodia" literally means? a) False feet b) True motion c) False motion d) True feet
Cell Review: Day 1 1. "Pseudopodia" literally means? a) False feet b) True motion c) False motion d) True feet Cell Review: Day 1 2. What is the primary method of movement for Euglena? a) Flagella b) Cilia
More informationBiology Unit 3 Exam DO NOT WRITE ON THIS EXAM. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Biology Unit 3 Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Water moves into a cell placed in a(n) solution. a. osmotic c. hypotonic b. hypertonic
More informationCELL THEORY, STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
CELL THEORY, STRUCTURE & FUNCTION History of Cells Robert Hooke (1665) observed cork under a microscope Thought they looked like the rooms monks lived in called cells. History of Cells Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
More informationChapter 4. Table of Contents. Section 1 The History of Cell Biology. Section 2 Introduction to Cells. Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Cell Structure and Function Table of Contents Section 1 The History of Cell Biology Section 2 Introduction to Cells Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells Section
More information7.L.1.2 Plant and Animal Cells. Plant and Animal Cells
7.L.1.2 Plant and Animal Cells Plant and Animal Cells Clarifying Objective: 7.L.1.2 Compare the structures and functions of plant and animal cells; include major organelles (cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus,
More informationNotes: Cell Processes 1. Movement across cell membrane 2. Photosynthesis 3. Cellular respiration 4. Cell cycle
Notes: Cell Processes 1. Movement across cell membrane 2. Photosynthesis 3. Cellular respiration 4. Cell cycle AMDG 1. Notes: Movement across a cell membrane Cell Membrane-see picture in text book What
More informationName Class Date. How do plant cells make food? How do plant and animal cells get energy from food?
CHAPTER 2 2 Cell Energy SECTION The Cell in Action BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do plant cells make food? How do plant and animal cells
More informationThe cell. The cell theory. So what is a cell? 9/20/2010. Chapter 3
The cell Chapter 3 The cell theory all living organisms are made up of one or more cells, and all cells arise from other, pre-existing cells So what is a cell? The most basic unit of any organism The smallest
More informationBio-CP Chapter 7 Cell Notes
Bio-CP Chapter 7 Cell Notes I. Cell = Building block of all living organisms A. Robert Hooke (1665) observed cork under a crude microscope 1. He called the boxes cells because they looked like little rooms
More informationprokaryotic eukaryotic
Cell Basics Two Basic Cell Types All cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic Prokaryotic Cells a.k.a. Bacteria Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria. They are the simplest cellular organisms. They
More informationClass Work 31. Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus? 32. How do proteins travel from the E.R. to the Golgi apparatus? 33. After proteins are m
Eukaryotes Class Work 1. What does the word eukaryote mean? 2. What is the one major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? 3. List the different kingdoms of the eukaryote domain in the order in
More informationCell Organelles. a review of structure and function
Cell Organelles a review of structure and function TEKS and Student Expectations (SE s) B.4 Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized
More informationThe Cell. The basic unit of all living things
The Cell The basic unit of all living things 1 Robert Hooke was the first to name the cell (1665) 2 The Cell Theory The cell is the unit of Structure of all living things. The cell is the unit of Function
More informationChapter 5: The Fundamental Unit of Life Science
Chapter 5: The Fundamental Unit of Life Science 1 Who discovered cells and how? An English Botanist, Robert Hooke discovered cells In 1665, he used self-designed microscope to observe cells in a cork slice
More informationCell Energetics. How plants make food and everyone makes energy!
Cell Energetics How plants make food and everyone makes energy! Carbon Cycle Where did the mitochondria and chloroplast come from? Endosymbiotic Theory Endosymbiotic theory = a theory that some of the
More informationWhy do we have to cut our hair, nails, and lawn all the time?
Chapter 5 Cell Reproduction Mitosis Think about this Why do we have to cut our hair, nails, and lawn all the time? EQ: Why is cell division necessary for the growth & development of living organisms? Section
More information1- Which of the following molecules stores hereditary information? A. ATP B. DNA C. protein D. carbohydrates
Question 1: Multiple Choice (20 Marks) 1- Which of the following molecules stores hereditary information? A. ATP B. DNA C. protein D. carbohydrates 2- What is the name of the molecule in plants that stores
More information7 Characteristics of Life
7 Characteristics of Life 1. Interdependence 2. Metabolism 3. Homeostasis 4. Cellular Structure and Function 5. Reproduction 6. Heredity 7. Evolution The Cell Theory All living things are composed of one
More informationLIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 4 FLASHCARDS
LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 4 FLASHCARDS During the process of diffusion, A. cell surrounds and absorbs large particles. B. particles move from areas of lower concentration to higher concentration. C. a cell
More informationChapter 7. Cell Structure & Function
Chapter 7 Cell Structure & Function Scientists & Discoveries Early 1600 s (Holland): 1st microscope was constructed Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1600 s) used single lens as a microscope to study and very carefully
More informationPrinciples of Cellular Biology
Principles of Cellular Biology آشنایی با مبانی اولیه سلول Biologists are interested in objects ranging in size from small molecules to the tallest trees: Cell Basic building blocks of life Understanding
More information