C.K. Omondi, T.H.M. Rientjes, B.H.P. Maathuis, W. Gumindoga. Faculty ITC, University of Twente, The Netherlands IAHS 2017 SCIENTIFIC ASSEMBLY
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1 1 Assessment f bias crrected satellite rainfall prducts fr streamflw simulatin: A TOPMODEL applicatin at the headwater catchment f the Zambezi Basin C.K. Omndi, T.H.M. Rientjes, B.H.P. Maathuis, W. Gumindga Faculty ITC, University f Twente, The Netherlands IAHS 217 SCIENTIFIC ASSEMBLY July 18, 217 PORT ELIZABETH, SOUTH AFRICA 2 Outline a. Our apprach b. Satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) as influenced by: - elevatin - seasns c. Satellite estimates versus gauge rainfall (reference) d. Surces f SREs errrs e. Cmparisn f bias crrectin algrithms f. TOPMODEL hydrlgic evaluatins f bias crrected SREs g. Water balance clsure assessments in the Zambezi Basin 1
2 3 Intrductin - In-situ meterlgical data limitatins: Nn-existence and unequally distributed rain gauges Pr spatial cverage by rain gauge netwrks Incmpleteness f in-situ rainfall time series - SREs prne t errr. - SREs accuracy is affected by seasnal variatins. - Use f bias crrected SREs in streamflw simulatins is yet t be explred in Kabmp. 4 Objectives Assess perfrmance f bias crrected daily rainfall time series fr TOPMODEL streamflw simulatin (28-212). Specifically t: a) evaluate the effect f elevatin and seasnality n, and satellite rainfall detectin. b) apply and cmpare SREs bias crrectin schemes (DT and STB) fr different rainfall rates and seasns. c) parameterize TOPMODEL rainfall-runff mdel using RS data. d) assess water balance clsure using TOPMODEL as affected by use f bias crrected satellite rainfall. 2
3 5 Apprach Satellite prducts Grund measurements Satellite rainfall and evapratin prducts FEWSNET Grund measurements Gauge Rainfall Discharge PET variables SREs pre-prcessing Rainfall data quality assessment Rainfall prducts perfrmance evaluatin Bias crrectins Mdified TpMODEL IDL cde TpMODEL applicatin Calibratin using gauge & bias crrected SREs Streamflw Sensitivity & simulatins statistical errr analysis Validatin Mdel parameters Cmparisn f simulated hydrgraph prcesses Water balance clsure analysis 6 Materials and Methds a) In-situ & discharge data (28-212) Statin Crdinates f statin Type f meterlgical variable frm the statin ID Name Lat. Ln. Altitude P Tmax Tmin RH WS SS Kabmp x x x x x Kama x x x x x Kasempa x x x x Mwinilunga x x x x x x Slwezi x x x x x Zambezi x x x x x x P rainfall, Tmax - daily maximum temperature. Tmin daily minimum temperature, RH relative humidity, WS wind speed and SS sunshine hurs 3
![detectins Annual rainfall [mm] 15 13 11 9 7 Gauge Elevatin 1375 13 1225 115 175 Elevatin [masl] 5 Zambezi Kama Kasempa](/docs-images/79/80257967/images/4-2.jpg "Mwinilunga Slwezi 1 Elevatin SREs rainfall measured at the statins. > Gauge rainfall accumulatins unlike &.")
4 7 Overview f satellite data b) Satellite rainfall estimates prducts Rainfall prduct Prvider NOAA-CPC NASA CHG, USGS Spatial cverage 6 N t 6 S, glbally 5 N t 5 S, glbally 5 N t 5 S, acrss all lngitudes Tempral cverage Since since Since Perid tested Original/ used spatial reslutin.7 /.5.25 /.5.5 Original/ used time step ½ h / 24 h 3 h / 24 h 24 h c) SRTM 9m digital elevatin mdel 8 Elevatin influence n SREs detectins Annual rainfall [mm] Gauge Elevatin Elevatin [masl] 5 Zambezi Kama Kasempa Mwinilunga Slwezi 1 Elevatin SREs rainfall measured at the statins. > Gauge rainfall accumulatins unlike &. underestimates mean annual gauge rainfall. 4
5 9 Seasnal influence n SREs detectin,9,6,3, POD FAR CSI Dry POD: ,9,6,3, Wet POD: Kama Kasempa Mwinilunga Slwezi Zambezi Better detectins during wet than dry seasns. prly detects rainfall (reducing t 2% fr dry seasns). best CSI (.69), highest POD (.88) and least FAR<.1. 1 Satellite estimates versus gauge rainfall (reference) SREs underestimated (Max & ) gauge rainfall depths had the largest daily deviatin (1.5 mm) frm. shws highest bias (1.56 mm d -1 ) while (<.5 mm d -1 ). Rainy seasns and high rainfall events exhibit higher bias. Standard deviatin [mm d -1 ] Taylr s diagram M2 M4 T3 M3 M1 P3 T2 M5 T5 P2 P4 T1 T4 P5 P1 T- P- M- 1. REF Standard deviatin [mm d -1 ] 1: Kama, 2: Kasempa, 3: Mwinilunga, 4: Slwezi, 5: Zambezi 5
6 11 Surces f SREs errrs, and s main errr surce are miss, false and hit bias, resp. Errr surces are seasn dependent, cnfrming t Ward et al. (211). Hit and false bias prevailed fr wet and dry perids, resp. 2,,5-1, -2,5-4, Bias [mm d -1 ] Hit bias Miss bias False bias Kama Kasempa Mwinilunga Slwezi Zambezi 12 Bias crrectin algrithms cmpared Evaluatin cef./ BC Ttal P depth Maximum Mean STD Crrelatin cef. RMSE Errr reductin Rain rate patterns 1 st rank 2 nd rank 3 rd rank DT TVSV TVSF TFSV TFSF Effectiveness vary depending n evaluatin indicatr. Deteriratin n crrectin (e.g. BF DT: 1.14 vs uncrrected :.95). 6
7 16 14 Tpmdel simulatins (Gauge) 12 Observed Simulaed Discharge [m 3 s -1 ] Discharge [m 3 s -1 ] Aug Sep-7 Oct-7 Nv-7 Dec-7 Jan-8 Feb-8 Mar-8 Apr-8 May-8 Jun-8 Jul-8 Aug-8 Sep-8 Oct-8 Nv-8 Dec-8 Simulated Observed Validatin (9/27-11/28) NS:.57 RV E : 21.2% Calibratin (9/29-8/212) NS:.65 RV E : 1.3% Sep-29 Mar-21 Sep-21 Mar-211 Sep-211 Mar-212 Sep Uncrr. Crr. NS RV E 11.82% 5.81% Gauge bserved Uncrrected Crrected Discharge [m 3 s- 1 ] Sep-9 Mar-1 Sep-1 Mar-11 Sep-11 Mar-12 Sep Discharge [m 3 s- 1 ] Gauge bserved Crrected Crrected Crrected 4 2 Sep-9 Mar-1 Sep-1 Mar-11 Sep-11 Mar-12 Sep-12 7
8 15 Water balance clsure assessment WB cmpnents Un-crrected Crrected [mm] In- situ Precipitatin Actual ET Simulated Q Rt zne strage deficit Catchment Sat. deficit WB Clsure Errr WB Clsure Errr, [%] NS [-] RV E [%] SREs ver-simulated P, ETa and RZ strage vs in-situ frcing. Bias crrected satellite rainfall result in imprved water balance clsure. Cmpared t in-situ, crrected resulted in deterirated WB clsure 16 Cnclusin and Recmmendatin Cnclusin: Satellite rainfall detectin can be related t seasnal variatins in Kabmp. Bias crrected satellite rainfall resulted in imprved water balance clsure. N perfect fit f bserved Q culd be mdelled by respective rainfall frcings. Recmmendatin: Incrprate mitted rain gauge statins in CHIRPs blending prcedure. Further investigatins a/ validatin f rainfall and discharge time series OR increase n. f met. statins in the basin. An autmated TOPMODEL ptimizatin rutine. 8
9 Thank yu. 9
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