INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS

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1 <- ',; -. ' -. \ I / '.. - : i IC/94/194 -'i, i INTERNATINAL CENTRE FR THERETICAL PHYSICS VARIABILITY STUDY F ff2 FR AN EQUATRIAL STATIN J.. Adeniyi S.M. Radicella and LA. Adimula INTERNATINAL ATMIC ENERGY AGENCY UNITED NATINS EDUCATINAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL RGANIZATIN MIRAMARE-TRIESTE

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3 IC/94/194 Internatinal Atmic Energy Agency and United Natins Educatinal Scientific and Cultural rganizatin INTERNATINAL CENTRE FR THERETICAL PHYSICS VARIABILITY STUDY F ff 2 FR AN EQUATRIAL STATIN J.. Adeniyi 1, S.M. Radicella Internatinal Centre fr Theretical Physics, Trieste, Italy and LA. Adimula University f Ilrin, PMB 1515, Ilrin, Nigeria. ABSTRACT The deviatin f hurly values f ff2 frm the mnthly median values was used t study the variability f ff 2. The study was dne fr the perid f high and lw slar activity. Generally the range f variatin f the deviatin is nt dependent n slar activity. There is a tendency fr psitive deviatin t ccur n magnetically disturbed days and fr negative deviatin t ccur n quiet days. The magnitude f the deviatin des nt depend n whether the day is disturbed r quiet. The crrelatin between Ap index and deviatin f ff 2 frm the median value is generally pr. The range f deviatin at night is usually higher than that f the daytime fr the perid f high slar activity. Sme seasnal effect were als bserved n the deviatin. MIRAMARE - TRIESTE August 1994 Permanent Address: University f Ilrin, PMB 1515, Flrin, Nigeria.

4 Intrductin Mst HF cmmunicatin predictins are usually based n bserved mnthly median values f ff 2. A thrugh knwledge f hw the daily values f ff 2 fllws the mnthly median value is therefre f uttermst imprtance. The result frm such studies shuld assist in the applicatin f crrectin factrs r the chice f anther predictin parameter altgether. This study seeks t lk int the variability f ff 2 and its dependence n seasnal, slar activity and pssibly gemagnetic cnditins. This study was carried ut using data frm Ibadan Geg. Lat 7.4 N. Hurly values f ff 2 fr the year 1964, perid f lw slar activity (R12=10) and the year 1967, perid f high slar activity (R12=94) were used fr the analysis. Analysis and Result a) Hurly deviatin f ff 2 frm the median, fr each day f the mnth f the year under investigatin were calculated. The average psitive and negative deviatin were btained fr each mnth f the years under investigatin. Figure 1 shws the results btained. Generally, the range f variatin fr bth perids f the slar activity are nt significantly different. Table 1 shws the average psitive (vd+) and average negative (vd ) deviatins fr each year. The deviatin n the average, fr bth years are f the same rder f magnitude. The negative deviatins are greater than the psitive deviatins fr bth perids f the slar activity. Table 2 shws the seasnal averages and the range f variatins in each f the seasns, the highest range f variatin ccured during the equinxes fr perid f lw slar activity, and during summer fr perid f high slar activity. The lwest range f variatin ccurred in the summer mnth during perid f lw slar activity, and at the equinxe during perid f high slar activity. The abslute magnitudes f the negative deviatin are cnsistently higher than thse f the psitive nes during perid f lw slar activity. b) The five mst magnetically disturbed and the five mst quiet days f each mnth f the years under investigatin were selected. The average deviatin fr each hur f the day fr each seasn; namely winter, summer, and equinxes were cmputed. (i) Equinxes Figure 2 shws the results fr the equinxes. The range f variatins during the day time, 0600 t 1600 hurs are less than thse f 1700 t 0500 hurs during this seasn. This bservatin is true fr bth perids f the slar cycle. The range f variatins fr bth disturbed and quiet days are abut the same when each year is cnsidered separately. (ii) Summer The diurnal variatin f deviatin fr the summer mnths f the year f high slar activity fllws the same trend as the equinxes; night time range f deviatins are higher than the daytime nes. Figure 3 shws the results. The difference in the range f variaitns between the night and daytime at lw slar activity, are nt as distinct as thse f high slar activity.

5 (iii) Winter The range f variatin fr the disturbed days f the lw slar activity perid is greater than thse f the quiet days. Figure 4 shws the results fr winter. The difference in the range f variatin between night and daytime hurs is als present during the year f high slar activity. The night time range f variaitn is higher than thse f the daytime, but the difference is nt as prnunced as thse f ther seasns. Fr the year f lw slar activity the range f variatin during the daytime is abut the same as that f the night time. This is true fr bth quiet and disturbed days. Table 3 shws the average net deviatin (vd+) fr all uurs f the disturbed (DD) and quiet (QD) days f each f the seasns. The average deviatin fr the disturbed days have net psitive values while thse f the quiet days have net negative values except fr the summer perid f high slar activity when the quiet day has net psitive average and the disturbed days have net negative values. The equinx seasn recrds the highest net values except fr the quiet days f the lw slar activity year when the highest value ccurred in the winter seasn. The lwest net values ccur in the summer seasn except the disturbed days f the year f lw slar activity when the lwest ccurred during the winter seasn. c) Crrelatin cefficient between the mnthly average gemagnetic index Ap and the average mnthly deviatin f ff 2 were btained. The result is shwn in Figure 5. Generally, the crrelatin between bth is very lw fr bth slar cycle perids. Summary f Result a) n the average, negative deviatin frm the median is greater than the psitive ne fr bth perids f the slar cycle. b) The summer mnths f the perid f high slar activity exhibit the highest range f deviatin, while the equinxes exhibit the lwest. c) Fr perid f lw slar activity the reverse is the case. The highest range f deviatin is in the equinxes, while the lwest is in summer. d) Deviatins frm the median during quiet days are as high as thse bserved during disturbed days; and in sme caes higher than thse f disturbed days. e) The range f deviatins during night-time is higher than thse f the day-time perid fr the year f high slar activity, irrespective f whether the day is quiet r disturbed. Fr the year f lw slar activity, this difference is present nly during the equinxes. f) Crrelatin between deviatin and Ap index is very lw fr bth high and lw slar activity years. Discussins Higher night time variability reprted in this study agrees with that f Rastgi and Alex (1987). They reprted higher night time variability in ttal clumn electrn cntent and peak F2 electrn density at lw latitudes. Results f variability study, similar t the wrk reprted in this paper have been reprted, fr tw Eurpean statins at 41.4 N and 38,0 N and als fr fur Chinese statins lcated at latitudes ranging frm 23.2 N t 43.8 N (1993a). A similar wrk has been reprted fr five Eurpean statins with latitudes ranging frm 40.2 N t N

6 (1993b). Bth reprts were fr perids f high slar activity. Cmparisn culd then be made between thse reprts and the part fr high slar activity in this wrk. The result btained in this wrk where the greatest deviatin frm the median was bserved during the summer mnth f high slar activity perid is similar t thse reprted in the tw papers cited abve. The authrs f thse papers reprted that the median ff 2 fr summer mnths f the year f high slar activity is nt representative f a typical diurnal variatin fr that seasn. The bservatin made in this paper fr an equatrial statin, f the presence f large departures frm the median even during quiet days and the pr crrelatin between deviatins and Ap index agrees with thse f the authrs cited abve fr the middle and high latitude statins. The results fr the perid f lw slar activity reprted in this paper need t be cmpared with thse f higher latitudes. Acknwledgments ne f the authrs (J..A.) wuld like t thank Prfessr Abdus Salam, the Internatinal Atmic Energy Agency and UNESC fr hspitality at the Internatinal Centre fr Theretical Physics, Trieste, where this paper was finalized. He wuld als like t thank the Swedish Agency fr Research Cperatin with Develping Cuntries, SAREC, fr financial supprt during his visit at the ICTP under the Assciateship scheme. The supprt f the University f Ilrin Senate Research Grant is als acknwledged. References Rastgi R.G. and Alex S., 1987, Day-t-day variability f inspheric electrn cntent at lw latitudes, J. Atms. Terr. Phys. 49, Reference is als made t the fllwing unpublished materials. Radicella S.M., Zhang M.L., Zlesi B., 1993a. A test study fr the definitin f ff 2 variability, Internatinal Sympsium n Radi Prpagatin, pp , Beijing, P.R. China. Radicella S.M., Zhang M.L. and Zlesi B., 1993b, A preliminary analysis f inspheric variability ver the prime area, Prc. PRIME/CST 238 Wrkshp, pp , Graz, Austria.

7 Table 1 Average deviatin fr the whle year. Vd+() Vd-() Table 2 Seasnal average psitive (Vd+) and negative (Vd-) deviatins and ranges. Winter (Jan. Feb. Nv. Dec.) Equinxes (Mar. Apr. Sep. ct.) Summer (May Jun. Jul. Aug.) Vd Vd- Range Vd+ Vd Range Table 3 Average net deviatin (Vd±) fr all hurs f disturbed (DD) and quiet (QD) days f each seasn f the year. Winter (Jan. Feb. Nv. Dec.) Equinxes (Mar. Apr. Sep. ct.) Summer (May Jun. Jul. Aug.) Vd+QD Vd+DD Vd+QD VD+DD

8 Figure Captins Fig.l Mnthly average psitive and negative deviatins f ff 2 frm the mnthly median. Fig.2 Average hurly deviatins f ff 2 n magnetically quiet and disturbed days fr the equinxes. Fig.3 Average hurly deviatin f ff 2 n magnetically quiet and disturbed days fr the summer mnths. Fig.4 Average hurly deviatin f ff 2 n magnetically quiet and disturbed days fr the winter mnths. Fig.5 Crrelatin cefficients f magnetic A p indices and mnthly averages deviatins f ff 2 frm the median.

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