Physiology of Flowering in Lychee Trees grown in Mountainous Areas of Thailand

Transcription

1 Physiology of Flowering in Lychee Trees grown in Mountainous Areas of Thailand Daruni Naphrom Pittaya Sruamsiri Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Thailand 52 Chiti Sritontip Agricultural Research and Training Center, Thailand Martin Hegele Jens Wuensche Department of Special Crop Cultivation and Crop Physiology, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany

2 Chiang Rai Payao Low temperature cultivars cv. Hong Huay, Chakapad, Nan Kimjeng Chiang Mai Samutsongkram Moderate low temperature Cultivars cv. Kom Lychee production areas in Thailand Chiang Mai 8,16 ha Chiang Rai 6,532 ha Nan 2,526 ha Payao 2,431 ha Samutsongkram 1,449 ha

3 Lychee growing areas in Chiang Mai 12 msl 1,25 masl 75 msl 3 msl CM City Ping river

4 Growth cycle of lychee tree (on season) Nov Cool period

5 Growth cycle of lychee tree (off season) July-Aug April-June Nov- Dec Jan-March

6 Factors affecting on flowering Warm temperature Wet condition Low temperature Dry condition Girdling Endogenous Factors Hormones, C/N etc. Vegetative growth Reproductive growth

7 Under canopy area of lychee tree

8 Methodolody 1. Investigated environmental conditions at 75 and 12 msl in Girdling lychee trees

9 Non girdling Girdling

10 Data collection 1. Climate conditions; temperatures, rain fall and RH 2. Plant conditions; photosynthesis, carbohydrate, hormonal content, flowering and yield

11 Results and Discussion Year round temperatures at 35, 75 and 1,2 msl Temperature( C) Flowering time (off-season) Flowering time (on-season) 35 masl max T 35 masl min T 75 masl max T 75 masl min T 1,2 masl max T 1,2 masl min T Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 27 month

12 Soil temperatures at 75 and 1,2 msl in 27 Flowering time (off-season) Flowering time (on-season) Temperature ( C) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month masl 1,2 masl

13 %RH and Rainfall at 75 and 1,2 msl Flowering time (off-season) Flowering time (on-season) 12 5 % RH mm. %RH 12 masl %RH 75 masl Rain 12 masl Rain 75 masl Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 27

14 Photosynthesis Photosynthesis 6 5 Flowering Girdling Non-girdling Days

15 Stomatal Conductance 35 mmol/m 2 s Flowering Girdling Non-girdling Days Statistics Treatment Stomata Conductance (mmol/m 2 s -1 ) Day 14 Day 28 Day 42 Day 56 Day 7 Day 84 Girdling Non-girdling significant ns ns ns * * *

16 Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate (75 msl) Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate of Litchi Leaves mg.glucose eq./g. dry wt Flowering Girdling Non-girdling Days Statistics Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate of Litchi Leaves on 75 masl Treatment Girdling 142a a 2a Non girdling 18b b 161b significant * ns ns ns ns * *

17 Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate (12 msl) Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate of Litchi Leaves mg.glucose eq./g. dry wt Days Flowering Girdling Non-girdling Statistics Treatment Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate of Litchi Leaves on 12 masl Girdling a Non girdling b significant ns ns ns ns ns * ns ns

18 Hormonal Contents Z/ZR concentrations in lychee shoot tips 75 msl 1,2 msl Z/ZR conc. ( n g / g.d W ) Flowering time Z/ZR conc. ( n g /g.d W ) Flowering time Time of sampling Time of sampling

19 IAA concentrations in lychee shoot tips 75 msl 1,2 msl IA A co n c. ( n g /g.d W ) IA A co n c. ( n g /g.d W ) Time of sampling Time of sampling

20 GAs concentrations in lychee shoot tips 75 msl 1,2 msl GAs conc. ( n g /g.d W ) G As conc. ( n g / g.d W ) Time of sampling Time of sampling

21 Table 1 Days of flowering after treatment, 27 Treatments Days of Flowering after treatment (Days) 12 msl 75 msl Girdling Non girdling Non flowering 56 significant * ns Table 2 Percentage of flowering, 27 Treatments Girdling Non girdling significant Percentage of Flowering (%) 12 msl 75 msl Non flowering * ns

22 Production of Litchi from Experimental Fields at 75 and 1,2 msl, 27 Kg/Rai masl 12 masl Year

23 Production of Litchi at 75 msl in 27

24 Flowering situation in msl 4 msl 75 msl

25 Conclusion 1. The temperatures at 75 and 12 msl were not different before flowering period. 2. High RH and rainfall were found at 12 msl. 3. Girdling increased photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and TNC during flowering period. 4. Z/ZR and IAA in shoot tips showed high concentrations before flowering. 5. GAs seemed to decrease before flowering. 6. Lychee trees at 75 msl produced more flowering than those 1,2 msl

26 Acknowledgement I would like to thank: - SFB and NRCT for financial support - Research Team in sup project D1

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