Sand and dust storm Monitoring and forecast

Transcription

1 Sand and dust storm Monitoring and forecast Enric Terradellas WMO SDS-WAS. Regional Center for Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe Barcelona Dust Forecast Center Training course on the use of satellite products for agrometeorological applications, Tbilisi, Georgia, May 2016

2 Outlook The dust cycle and impacts Dust observation Dust forecast SDS-WAS (R&D) and BDFC (operations) WMO. SDS-WAS Regional Center for Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe Barcelona Dust Forecast Center

3 The dust cycle and impacts The dust cycle and impacts Dust observation Dust forecast SDS-WAS (R&D) and BDFC (operations) WMO. SDS-WAS Regional Center for Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe Barcelona Dust Forecast Center

4 The dust cycle and impacts Atmospheric aerosol Atmospheric aerosol Solid or liquid particles suspended in the air Size: Diameter: µm Chemical, mineralogical composition Optical properties (absorption, scattering)

5 The dust cycle and impacts Atmospheric aerosol. Sources Volcanoes, sea salt, products from biomass burning, anthropic pollution, organic particles, MINERAL DUST

6 The dust cycle and impacts

7 Le cycle The de dust la poussière cycle and et impacts ses impacts The dust cycle Dust release (emission) Turbulent mixing Long-distance transport Dry/wet deposition

8 Le cycle The de dust la poussière cycle and et impacts ses impacts Emission Soil texture Soil humidity Vegetation Wind Near-surface turbulence

9 The dust cycle and impacts Dust sources Identification of dust sources based on the TOMS absorbing aerosol index (AAI)

10 The dust cycle and impacts Dust sources 14. Grand Erg Oriental, Libya 15. Libyan Desert, Libya 16. Nile river basin, Egypt 17. Qattarah depression, Egypt (Ginoux et al., 2012)

11 The dust cycle and impacts Dust sources 10. Jordan river basin, Jordan 11. Mesopotamia 12. Urumia lake, Iran 16. Dasht-e Kavir desert, Iran 17. Qobustan, Azerbaijan 18. Atrek delta, Turkmenistan 19. Turan plain, Uzbekistan 20. Aral sea, Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan (Ginoux et al., 2012)

12 Le cycle The de dust la poussière cycle and et impacts ses impacts The Bodélédepression Tibesti Bodélé Ennedi Lac Tchad

13 The dust cycle and impacts The Aral sea MODIS Aqua 29 Apr 2008

14 The dust cycle and impacts Met. conditions: synoptic scale 23 Mar UTC Frontal systems Reinforced trade winds

15 The dust cycle and impacts Met. conditions: meso/microscale Convection Low-level jets Drainage winds Gap winds

16 The dust cycle and impacts Mobilized dust ~30,000 60,000 kg / s ~ kg / year 50,000,000 trucks 3,000 ULCC

17 Le cycle The de dust la poussière cycle and et impacts ses impacts Dust impacts Human health Weather and climate Aviation Solar power plants Agriculture

18 The dust cycle and impacts Dust impact on agriculture Crop damage (loss of plant tissue and reduced photosynthetic activity as a result of sandblasting) burial of seedlings under sand Damage deposits to the crop plants loss of topsoil Damage to infrastructure Damage to infrastructure Does (irrigation dust bring canals, nutrients roads, to ) soil Reduction of water quality Supply of nutrients to the soil (Na, K, Mg, Ca, P)

19 The dust cycle and impacts WMO Response: SDS-WAS and BDFC Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System Barcelona Dust Forecast Center

20 Dust observation The dust cycle and impacts Dust observation Dust forecast SDS-WAS (R&D) and BDFC (operations) WMO. SDS-WAS Regional Center for Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe Barcelona Dust Forecast Center

21 Observation Dust observation de la poussière Why do we need observations? Dust monitoring Forecast evaluation Data assimilation into dust numerical models Validation of other observations (i. e. ground observations to callibrate/validate satellite observations) Mali, 2001 Photo: Remi Benali/Corbis

22 Dust observation A comprehensive observing system Ground observation In situ Indirect obs. (visibility) Sun-photometers Lidar ceilometers Satellite observation Ceilometer AQ station lidar Transmissometer Photomètre Sun-photometer solaire

23 Dust observation In-situ observation of PM10 and PM2.5 in air-quality monitoring stations W 1 W 2 Beta TEOM PM= (W2-W1) Volume µg/m 3

24 Observation Dust observation de la poussière PM10 et and PM2.5 PM2.5 à Granadilla at Granadilla (Îles (Canary Canaries) Is.) en in Aug août 2012 Aqua/MODIS 11 Aug :00 10 Aug :00

25 Observation Dust observation de la poussière Cairo, Egypt

26 Dust observation Visibility in weather reports

27 Dust observation Sun-photometers Sun photometers measure direct solar radiation Radiation at the top of the atmosphere is known Particles dissipate energy due to absorption and scattering Information on the aerosol concentration can be derived from the radiation that reaches the Earth surface

28 Dust observation MAGURELE INOE (ROM) 6 Apr 2016 FCST 7 Apr UTC

29 Observation Dust observation de la poussière Infrared / RGB images MSG SEVIRI IR Mar :00 EUMETSAT RGB-Dust 3 Mar :00 MSG SEVIRI IR Mar :00 EUMETSAT RGB-Dust 3 Mar :00

30 Dust observation Infrared / RGB images

31 Dust observation Quantitative retrievals from satellite images

32 Dust forecast The dust cycle and impacts Dust observation Dust forecast SDS-WAS (R&D) and BDFC (operations) WMO. SDS-WAS Regional Center for Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe Barcelona Dust Forecast Center

33 Prédiction Dust de forecast la poussière Barcelona Dust Les Forecast produits Center: Products

34 Prédiction Dust de forecast la poussière Barcelona Dust Les Forecast produits Center: Products Visibility = / Extinction Koschmieder equation

35 Dust forecast Forecast dissemination WMO Global Telecommunications System EUMETCAST DVB 35

36 Prédiction Dust de forecast la poussière Les produits Model intercomparison and forecast evaluation MODEL BSC- DREAM8b INSTITUTION RUN TIME DOMAIN DATA ASSIMILATION BSC-CNS 12 Regional No MACC ECMWF 00 Global MODIS AOD DREAM- NMME-MACC NMMB/BSC- Dust MetUM SEEVCCC 00 Regional MACC analysis BSC-CNS 12 Regional No U. K. Met Office 00 Global MODIS AOD GEOS-5 NASA 00 Global MODIS reflectances NGAC NCEP 00 Global No RegCM4 EMA 12 Regional No DREAMABOL CNR 12 Regional No WRF-CHEM NOA 12 Regional No SILAM FMI 12 Regional No

37 Dust forecast Dust AOD at 550 nm 9 May 2016

38 Dust forecast Multi-model products 9 May 2016

39 Prédiction Dust de forecast la poussière Evaluation avec with données AERONET AERONET data SANTA_CRUZ_TENERIFE

40 Prédiction Dust de forecast la poussière Evaluation avec with des satellite produits products satellitaires 24 Apr 2013

41 Dust forecast Evaluation with satellite products

42 SDS-WAS (R&D) and BDFC (operations) The dust cycle and impacts Dust observation Dust forecast SDS-WAS (R&D) and BDFC (operations) WMO. SDS-WAS Regional Center for Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe Barcelona Dust Forecast Center

43 SDS-WAS (R&D) and et BDFC (opérations) (operations) SDS-WAS SDS-WAS mission and nodes Mission: The SDS-WAS mission is to enhance the ability of countries to deliver timely and quality sand and dust storm forecasts, observations, information and knowledge to end-users through an international partnership of research and operational communities Regional Nodes: Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe Asia America

44 SDS-WAS (R&D) and et BDFC (opérations) (operations) SDS-WAS. SDS-WAS. Le Regional Centre Régionel Center for pour NA-ME-E NA-MO-E It s managed by a consortium formed by the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET) and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center Catalonia Technical University Barcelona MareNostrum III supercomputer

45 SDS-WAS (R&D) and et BDFC (opérations) (operations) SDS-WAS. Website Le web of the du Centre Regional Régionel Center

46 SDS-WAS (R&D) and BDFC (operations). Capacity building TRAINING COURSES Accra Addis-Abeba Ankara Antalya Barcelona Casablanca Istanbul Muscat Niamey Ouagadougou

47 SDS-WAS (R&D) and BDFC (opérations) Barcelona Dust Forecast Center In 2013, the WMO Executive Council designated the consortium of AEMET and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center to create in Barcelona the first Regional Specialized Meteorological Center with activity Atmospheric Sand and Dust Forecast

48 SDS-WAS (R&D) and et BDFC (opérations) SDS-WAS. Le site BDFC web website du Centre Régionel

49 Thanks for your attention WMO. SDS-WAS Regional Center for Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe Barcelona Dust Forecast Center