Students investigated the feeding behaviors of 2 different types of caterpillars. Caterpillars are insects.

Transcription

1 Test Prep 7 Students investigated the feeding behaviors of 2 different types of caterpillars. Caterpillars are insects. Investigation 1 The students collected 6 oak tree leaves, 6 maple tree leaves, and 6 tulip tree leaves in a park. They placed 1 of each kind of leaf in 6 different boxes. The leaves were 15 centimeters (cm) apart in each box, and the leaves were about equal distances from the center of each box (see diagram). diagram The students collected 18 webworm caterpillars from the park. They placed 3 of the caterpillars in the center of each box so the caterpillars did not touch any of the leaves. The students observed the caterpillars for 20 minutes. They recorded, for each kind of leaf, the number of caterpillars that touched the leaf without eating the leaf and how many ate from the leaf. Their results are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1

2 Investigation 2 The students followed the procedure for Investigation 1, except they collected 6 tulip tree leaves, 6 kudzu plant leaves, and 6 pipe vine plant leaves and they collected 18 swallowtail caterpillars. Their results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Figures adapted from Heather S. Mallory, "Science in Your Own Backyard: Using Locally Abundant Caterpillars & Plants to Teach About Herbivory." 2011 by National Association of Biology Teachers. 1. Which kind of leaf was used in both of the investigations? (SI) A. Kudzu plant leaves B. Maple tree leaves C. Pipe vine plant leaves D. Tulip tree leaves 2. One likely reason why the students placed the leaves 15 cm apart and about equal distances from the center of the box was so the caterpillars: (SI) A. could reach all the leaves. B. could reach the side of the box. C. did not have to move to get to the leaves. D. did not crawl away from the center of the box. 3. Which of the following was different in Investigation 1 than in Investigation 2?(SI) A. Number of caterpillars placed in each box B. Number of leaves placed in each box C. Type of caterpillars placed in the boxes D. Where the caterpillars were placed in the boxes 4. According to Figure 1, the same number of caterpillars touched but did not eat the: (IOD) A. maple tree leaves and the tulip tree leaves. B. maple tree leaves and the oak tree leaves. C. oak tree leaves and the tulip tree leaves.

3 D. oak tree leaves, the maple tree leaves, and the tulip tree leaves. 5. Consider the results of Investigations 1 and 2. For each kind of leaf, the number of caterpillars that only touched the leaves was always : (IOD) A. less than the number of caterpillars that ate from the leaves. B. greater than the number of caterpillars that ate from the leaves. C. the same as the number of caterpillars that ate from the leaves. D. twice as great as the number of caterpillars that ate from the leaves 6. Specialist insects eat mainly one kind of plant. Based on Figures 1 and 2, would the webworm caterpillars or swallowtail caterpillars more likely be classified as specialist insects? (EMI) A. Webworm caterpillars; they ate mainly from maple tree leaves. B. Webworm caterpillars; they ate mainly from tulip tree leaves. C. Swallowtail caterpillars; they ate mainly from pipe vine plant leaves. D. Swallowtail caterpillars; they ate mainly from tulip tree leaves. 7. In Investigation 1, more than twice as many caterpillars only touched the leaves as ate from the leaves for which kind of leaf? (SI) A. Kudzu plant leaves B. Maple tree leaves C. Oak tree leaves D. Tulip tree leaves The molecular formula of a compound shows the number of atoms of each element that are present in 1 molecule of the compound. For example, 1 molecule of ethane (C 2 H 6 ) contains 2 carbon (C) atoms and 6 hydrogen (H) atoms. Table 1 lists, for each of 5 compounds, the molecular formula and the boiling point. The boiling point is the temperature, in degrees Celsius ( C), at which the compound, at 1 atmosphere of pressure, changes from a liquid to a gas. Table 1 also lists the densities, in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ), of the 3 compounds that are liquids at 20 C and 1 atmosphere of pressure. Table 1 Compound Molecular formula Boiling point ( C) Density at 20 C (g/cm 3 ) Ethane C 2 H * Butane C 4 H * Pentane C 5 H

4 Hexane C 6 H Octane C 8 H *The compound is not a liquid at 20 C and 1 atmosphere of pressure. This table lists the molecular formula for each of 2 compounds. Compound Molecular formula Allene C 3 H 4 Propene C 3 H 6 8. According to Table 1, how many H atoms are present in 1 molecule of butane? (IOD) A. 4 B. 6 C. 10 D Consider the data for pentane, hexane, and octane in Table 1. Which of the following graphs best shows how the boiling points of these compounds change as the number of C atoms in one molecule increases? (IOD) A. B.

5 C. D. 10. Consider the compound heptane (C 7 H 16 ). Based on Table 1, the boiling point of heptane at 1 atmosphere of pressure is most likely: (EMI) A. less than 36.0 C. B. between 36.0 C and 68.7 C. C. between 68.7 C and C. D. greater than C. 11. At 1 atmosphere of pressure, pentane would be a gas at which of the following temperatures? (EMI) A. 10 C B. 20 C C. 30 C D. 40 C 12. Based on Table 1, one molecule of which of the following compounds contains a total of 8 atoms? (IOD) A. Ethane B. Butane C. Hexane D. Octane 13. A student claims that 2 compounds with different numbers of C atoms and the same number of H atoms will have different boiling points at 1 atmosphere of pressure. Based on this table and Table 1, the student could test her claim by comparing the boiling points of which of the following pairs of compounds? (SI) A. Allene and butane B. Allene and ethane C. Propene and butane D. Propene and ethane

6 14. Consider a 1.0 cm 3 sample of pentane and a 1.0 cm 3 sample of octane, both at 20 C and 1 atmosphere of pressure. Based on Table 1, will the sample of pentane or octane have the greater mass? (EMI) A. Pentane, because it is more dense than octane. B. Pentane, because it is less dense than octane. C. Octane, because it is more dense than pentane. D. Octane, because it is less dense than pentane. E. Claudius Ptolemy, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Tycho Brahe were astronomers who each had a different interpretation of the universe. Their interpretations are given below. Ptolemy s Interpretation Earth is at the center of the universe, and Earth does not move or rotate. The Moon, the Sun, and the planets move around Earth, each on the surface of its own transparent sphere that surrounds Earth. The stars are at fixed positions on the surface of their own transparent sphere beyond Saturn (the most distant planet then known). See Figure 1. Figure 1

7 Copernicus s Interpretation The Sun is at the center of the universe, and the Sun does not move. The Moon moves around Earth, but Earth and other planets move around the Sun on circular paths. The stars have fixed positions beyond Saturn s path. See Figure 2. Figure 2

8 Brahe s Interpretation Earth is not a planet, and Earth is at the center of the universe. Earth does not move or rotate. The Moon and the Sun move around Earth on circular paths. Unlike Earth, the planets move around the Sun on circular paths. The stars have positions beyond Saturn s path and move around Earth daily. See Figure 3. Figure In Figure 1, which of the following is closest to Jupiter? (IOD) A. The Sun B.The Moon C. Mars D. Venus 16. According to Brahe s interpretation, how many planets are in the universe? (IOD) A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D Based on Ptolemy s interpretation, which of the following measurements would be most useful in describing the motion of the planet Mars? (SI) A. The volume of Mars, in grams B. The volume of Mars, in liters C. The radius of the transparent sphere of Mars, in kilograms D. The radius of the transparent sphere of Mars, in kilometers 18. According to the passage, which of the astronomers would have agreed that the Sun is at the center of the universe? (EMI) A. Ptolemy only B. Copernicus only C. Brahe only D. Copernicus and Brahe only

9 19. In 1781, William Herschel discovered a new planet, which was later named Uranus. According to Ptolemy s interpretation, the motion of Uranus would be best described by which of the following statements? (EMI) A. Uranus moves on a circular path around the Sun. B. Uranus moves on a circular path around the stars. C. Uranus moves on the surface of its own transparent sphere around the Sun. D. Uranus moves on the surface of its own transparent sphere around Earth. 20. Based on all 3 interpretations, which of the following could be located between Earth and the Sun? (IOD) A. The Moon only B. Mercury only C. Mercury and Venus only D. The Moon, Mercury, and Venus only 21. According to the passage, which of the astronomers would have agreed that Earth is in motion? (EMI) A.Copernicus only B. Brahe only C. Ptolemy and Brahe only D. Copernicus and Brahe only