Light Manipulation by Metamaterials
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1 Light Manipulation by Metamaterials W. J. Sun, S. Y. Xiao, Q. He*, L. Zhou Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai , China *Speaker: 2011/2/19
2 Outline Background of metamaterials Manipulate light polarizations by metamaterials Slow-wave meta-surfaces to enhance light-matter interactions Conclusions
3 Outline Background of metamaterials Manipulate light polarizations by metamaterials Slow-wave meta-surfaces to enhance light-matter interactions Conclusions
4 Metamaterials Artificial media structured on a lattice size scale smaller than wavelength, which enable us to design our own atoms and create materials with exotic optical properties and new functions, which do not exist naturedly. Materials Meta-materials Natural material phase diagram μ Metal 1 atoms Meta-atoms ε Some ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials
5 MTMs: Powerful tools to manipulate EM wave hhh Negative refraction Subwavelength imaging Invisibility (Cloaks) PRL 76, 4773 (1996) Science 292, 77(2001) Science 308,534(2005) Science 314, 977(2006) Science 312, 1780(2006)
6 Recent works of our group Perfect transparency of ABA structure P.R.L 94, (2005) Evanescent wave amplified in opaque B layer Effective medium idea Demonstrated by microwave experiment P.R.L 97, (2006)
7 Fractal MTM lens realize Sub-wavelength Imaging Huang, et. al., OE 18, 10377(2010) 1.0 (b) Metallic plate with fractal shaped slits Normalized E-Fields H=31.5mm H=63mm (c) Independent of lens thickness Possible to transport through a long distance x (mm) 119mm Image resolution ~ /15
8 Outline Background of metamaterials Manipulate light polarizations by metamaterials Slow-wave meta-surfaces to enhance light-matter interactions Conclusions
9 Conventional methods to manipulate polarization Wire-Grid Polarizer Problems: Energy loss issue Size issue Wave plate Our motivations: Ultra-thin MTM (much thinner than ) 100% efficiency Birefringent crystals
10 Our Previous attempt :Control polarization with MTM reflector Polarizations completely converted (TE to TM), 100% efficiency Any polarization (linear, circular, elliptical) is realizable Good agreements between theory & experiment Physics: PEC for one polarization and PMC for another PRL 99, (2007); PRB 77, (2008) ;PRA 80, (2009)
11 Problems & Solutions Interference issues in reflection configuration Previous attempts for transmission geometry: T. Li et. al., APL (2008) J. Y. Chin, et. al., APL (2008) no perfect transmission! Our motivation a transparent ultra-thin MTM Phase Plate!
12 Designed MTM structure A B A a b Z Y f X e E a 2a g p (a) l, h d 2h A layer B layer (b) (c) Anisotropic electric MTM Metallic mesh a 12 mm, b 10 mm, g 21.3 mm, e 9 mm, p 11 mm, l 1 mm, h 0.6mm
13 Transmission spectrum (simulation) Several total transmission peaks First two are EMT solutions 3rd one can not be explained by EMT! S st 2nd d = 3mm TMM FEM 3rd EMT parameters for A & B layers d (mm) f What s the origin for the 3rd peak 1st?& 2nd 2 3rd f TMM x A B 4 (a) 0 (b) Frequency (GHz)
14 Origin of the 3rd peak Extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) Ebbson. et. al, P.R.B, 58,6779(1998) Surface plasmons enhance optical transmission through subwavelength holes
15 Origin of the 3rd peak - EOT SPP exists on B layer TM SPP A layer provides a reciprocal G vector Momentum matching Perfect transparency of EOT origin
16 Independently Tunable peaks E X EOT, small S (a) E FEM Expt. Y (b) (d) Frequency (GHz) (c) 0 EMT, high large Perfect transmissions with large phase difference!
17 Polarization manipulation effects
18 Polarization manipulation effects Flexible control of polarization in transmission configuration (nearly) lossless, 100% efficiency System is only thick Good agreement between theory and expt. Ultra-thin microwave phase plate Sun. et. al, OL, accepted (2011)
19 Outline Background of metamaterials Manipulate light polarizations by metamaterials Slow-wave meta-surfaces to enhance light-matter interactions Conclusions
20 Why do we need slow light? Faster is not always better Using light smartly rather than simply relying on its speed offers many opportunities. Slow light promotes stronger lightmatter interaction. T. F. Krauss et al, Nature Photon. 2, (2008)
21 Recent approaches to achieve slow waves EIT Photonic Band Gap L. V.Hau et al, Nature. 397, (1999) T. Baba et al, Nature. 2, (2008)
22 Available mechanisms to realize slow waves v g d dk RESONENCE BAND GAP atom L. V.Hau et al, Nature. 397, (1999) T. F. Krauss et al, Nature Photon. 2, (2008) BULK EFFECT
23 Motivation Find an ultra-thin system to support slowwaves along all directions? No Bragg scanning, no F-P effect, how to slow down the wave with Meta-surface?
24 Our slow-wave meta-surface (C) Demo input Fast Light output Fast Light Metallic plate with fractallike shaped slits metal h1 Slow Light h2 air Fast light Slow light a 20 mm, l 10mm l l l 5 mm, w 2mm h 2 mm, h 2mm 1 2
25 Group velocities (theory ~ expt.) propagating wave (z direction) surface wave (x-y plane)
26 Group velocity can be further reduced! Counter intuitive --- the smaller w, the more metal! The thickness is ultrathin ~ /19
27 Physical mechanism for slow wave Prop. wave Dispersion Group velocity d 0 dk z Waveguide cutoff mode is a slow-wave mode, independent of h z direction Surf. wave 0 Waveguide Cut-off d dk x 0 SPP facilitates perfect coupling of fast light to slow light: deep subwavelength & high Q factor In xy plane
28 Applications Slow light promotes stronger light matter interaction Absorption Nonlinear optics 00
29 Slow-wave meta-surface to enhance light-matter interaction Slowing wave compresses wave-packet longitudinally Squeezing into apertures laterally h1 h2 Slow Light Strong local field 20 air Faster Light High Intensity Faster Light matter 0 Strongly enhance light-matter interaction
30 Example 1: Perfect absorber (A)2D geometry a 20 mm, l 10mm (B) 3D view 1 l l l 5 mm, w 2mm h 2 mm, h 2mm 1 2 metal lossy materials FR4 PBC
31 Basic Results (Expt. ~ Theory) ~19 h Perfect absorption for both TE and TM polarizations
32 Omnidirectional/polarization insensitive Perfect agreements between Theory & Expt.
33 Example 2: Slow-wave enhances nonlinear effect a 700 nm w h h 70 nm 1 2 l 2l 2l 2l 350 nm Ag p p i s 12 1 s 15 1 InSb (Kerr nonlinearity) Infra-red regime Theoretical prediction nlinear 4, 2 10 erg/ cm (3) 6 3
34 Enhanced THG by MTM (FDTD simulation) Working wavelength: 10 m 4-5 orders in magnitude enhancements can be easily obtained
35 Conclusions Ultra-thin metamaterial phase plate to control light polarizations efficiently with perfect transmittance Slow-wave meta-surfaces to enhance lightmatter interactions - perfect absorption and enhanced nonlinear response W. J. Sun, et. al., OL, accepted (2011) S. Y. Xiao, et. al., Unpublished
36 Acknowledgements J. M. Hao C. T. Chan X. Q. Huang (HKUST) S. Y. Xiao Wujiong Sun L.Zhou (Fudan) China-973 Project NSFC, Shanghai Sci. Tech. Committee
37 Thanks
Lei Zhou Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai , China
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