Coplanar Microwave Integrated Circuits

Transcription

1 Ingo Wolff Coplanar Microwave Integrated Circuits Verlagsbuchhandlung Dr. Wolff GmbH

2 Content Chapter I. 1.1 Chapter II. II. 1 n.1.1 n.1.2 n.1.3 n n n.2 n.2.1 n.2.2 n.2.3 n.2.4 n.2.5 n.2.6 n.2.7 n.2.8 n.2.9 n.2.10 n.2. n n.2. n.i n.2. n.2 n.3 n.3.1 n.3.i.2 n n n.3.2 n.3.2.i H Introduction 1 References to Chapter 1 9 Transmission Properties of Coplanar Waveguides 10 Rigorous, full wave analysis of transmission properties 10 The coplanar waveguide with a single centre strip and finite ground plane width 11 The coplanar waveguide with a single centre strip and infinite ground plane width 25 Coupled coplanar waveguides 35 Scattering matrix of coupled coplanar waveguides 36 Coupled coplanar waveguides and microstrip lines - a comparison..41 Quasi-static analysis of coplanar waveguides using the finite difference method 47 Introduction 47 The finite difference method as applied to the analysis of coplanar waveguide structures 49 The solution of Laplace's equation for planar and coplanar line structures using the finite difference method 50 Application of the quasi-static technique to the analysis of coplanar waveguides 57 Characteristic parameters of coplanar waveguides 66 The influence of the metalization thickness on the line parameters...76 The influence of the ground strip width on the line parameters 78 The influence of the shielding on the line parameters 79 Some special forms of coplanar waveguides 80 Coplanar-like waveguides 83 Coupled coplanar waveguide structures 92 Analysis of the characteristic parameter matrices 93 Determination of the scattering matrix of coupled coplanar waveguides 96 Closed formula static analysis of coplanar waveguide properties 98 Analysis of generalized coplanar waveguide with supporting substrate layers 99 Structure SCPW 102 Structure SCPW2 104 Structure SCPW3 104 Numerical results 105 Static formulas for calculating the parameters of general broadsidecoupled coplanar waveguides 114 Analytical formulas und results for the general broadsidecoupled coplanar waveguides 115 Analysis of an asymmetric supported BSC-CPW 120

3 n n Application of the BSC-CPW as single CPW 122 n Criteria for the coplanar behaviour of the structure 124 n.4 Bibliography and references to Chapter H 125 Chapter HI. Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities 145 m.l The three-dimensional finite difference analysis 145 m.2 Computation of the electric field strength 147 HI.3 Computation of the magnetic field strength 150 m.3.1 Convergence and error discussion for the analysis technique 152 m.4 Coplanar waveguide discontinuities 154 n.4.1 Modelling the discontinuity 156 m.4.2 Extraction of the model parameters 157 ~ in.5 Description of coplanar waveguide discontinuities 162 HI.5.1 The coplanar open end 162 n.5.2 The coplanar waveguide short-circuited end. 168 m.5.3 The gap in a coplanar waveguide 170 m.5.4 The coplanar waveguide step 177 in.5.5 Air bridges in coplanar waveguides 185 m.5.6 The coplanar waveguide bend 194 HI.5.7 The coplanar waveguide T-junction 205 m Analysis of the odd mode excitation 224 m.5.8 The coplanar T-junction as a mode converter 228 m.5.9 The coplanar waveguide crossing 237 m.6 Bibliography and references to Chapter HI 246 Chapter IV. Coplanar Lumped Elements 251 TV.l Introduction 251 rv.2 The coplanar interdigital capacitor 252 IV.2.1 The lumped element modelling approach 252 TV.2.2 Enhancement of the interdigital capacitor model for application at millimetre-wave frequencies 272 IV.3 The coplanar Metal-Insulator-Metal (MM) capacitor 275 rv.4 Coplanar spiral inductors 280 TV.4.1 Enhancement of the inductor model for millimetre-wave frequencies 293 TV.4.2 Coupled coplanar rectangular inductors 295 TV.5 The coplanar rectangular spiral transformer 299 TV.6 The coplanar thin film resistor 306 rv.7 Bibliography and references to Chapter IV 308 Chapter V. Coplanar Element Library and Circuit Design Program 311 V.I Introduction 311 V.2 Modelling, convergence and accuracy 315 V.3 Overview on Coplan for ADS 318 V.3.1 Data items 320 V.3.2 Library elements 322 V.4 Cache management 324 V.5 Layout 325 V.6 Coplanar data items 326 V.6.1 Overview 326 V.6.2 Description of the data items 328

4 m V V V V V V V V V.7 V.7.1 V.7.2 V.7.3 V.7.4 V.7.5 V.7.6 V.7.7 V.7.8 V.7.9 V.7.10 V.7.11 V.7.12 V.7.13 V.7.14 V.7.15 V.7.16 V.7.17 V.7.18 V.8 Chapter VI. VI. 1 VI.1.1 VI. 1.2 VL1.3 VI. 1.4 VI.2 VI.2.1 VI.2.2 VI.3 VI.3.1 VI VI VI.3.2 VI.4 VI.4.1 VI.4.2 VI.4.3 VI.5 VI.5.1 VI.5.2 VI.6 Coplanar substrate data definition CSUB 329 Coplanar line type data definitions CLINTYP 331 Coplanar coupled lines data definitions C_NL_TYP 333 Coplanar bridge type data definition C_AIRTYP 335 Coplanar grid data definition C GRID 338 Process (foundry) used for fabrication C_PROCES 340 Technological data definition (default foundry) CTECH 341 Layer data definition (default foundry) CLAYER 344 The coplanar components and their models 345 Coplanar waveguide RF-port C_PORT.,..349 Coplanar transmission line C_LIN 350 Coplanar intermetal via connection C_METVIA 352 Coplanar resistively loaded transmission line C_TFG 353 Coplanar MIM-capacitor to ground C_CAPLIN 355 Coplanar open-ended transmission line COPEN 357 Coplanar short-circuited transmission line CSHORT 359 Gap in a coplanar transmission line C_GAP 360 Step in a coplanar transmission line C_STEP 362 Coplanar waveguide taper CTAPER 363 Coplanar air bridges C_AIR 366 Bend in a coplanar transmission line C_BEND 367 T-junction in coplanar transmission lines CTEE 369 Crossing of coplanar transmission lines C_CROSS 371 Coplanar interdigital capacitor C_IDC 373 Coplanar rectangular inductor C_RIND 375 Coplanar thin film resistor CTFR 377 Coplanar metal-insulator-metal capacitor C_MIM 379 References to Chapter V 381 Coplanar Filters and Couplers 383 Coplanar lumped element filters 383 The coplanar spiral inductor as a filter 383 Design and realization 385 Results 387 Phase shifting filter circuits 392 Coplanar passive lumped element band pass filters 395 Theoretical background 396 Properties of the coplanar hybrid band pass filters 397 Special coplanar waveguide filters 401 The coplanar band-reject filter 402 The hybrid band-reject filter 402 The monolithic band-reject filter 404 Coplanar millimetre-wave filters 408 Coplanar edge-coupled line structures 413 Verification of coupling between coupled coplanar waveguides 414 End-coupled coplanar line structures 418 Coplanar waveguide end-coupled to an orthogonal coplanar waveguide 420 Coupled coplanar waveguide filters and couplers 423 Interdigital filter design 423 Coplanar waveguide couplers 430 Coplanar MMIC Wilkinson couplers 437

5 TV VI.6.1 VI.6.2 VI.6.3 VI.6.4 VI.7 Chapter VII. vn.i vn.i.i vn.i.2 vn.2 vn.2.1 vn vn vn vn vn vn.3 vn.3.1 vn.3.2 VH.3.3 vn.3.4 vn.3.5 vn.4 vn.4.1 vn vn VH vn.4.2 vn vn vn.4.3 vn vn vn vn vn.4.4 vn vn vn.5 vn.6 vn.6.i vn vn vn VH.6.2 vn Conventional Wilkinson couplers 438 Wilkinson couplers with discrete elements 439 MMIC applicable Wilkinson couplers with lumped coplanar waveguide elements 441 Wilkinson coupler in coplanar waveguide technique for millimetre-wave frequencies 443 Bibliography and references to Chapter VI 447 Coplanar Microwave Integrated Circuits 451 Introduction 451 The effect of the shielding on modelling 452 The waveguide properties 453 Coplanar transistors and coplanar switches 456 Active power dividers and combiners and switches 456 Power dividers and combiners 456 Fundamental coplanar switch circuits 458 Results and measurements 459 Device scaling 462 Design and realization of coplanar RF switches 465 Coplanar microwave active filters 469 Introduction 469 The coplanar active inductor 470 The first order active coplanar band pass filter 472 The fixed centre frequency second order active filter 473 The coplanar active tuneable filter 476 Coplanar microwave amplifiers 483 Coplanar microwave amplifiers in waveguide design 483 Introduction 483 Circuit design and technological aspects 484 Results and comparison with measurements 488 Coplanar lumped element MMIC-amplifiers 490 Introduction 490 MMIC design and results 491 Influence of the backside metalization on the design of a coplanar low noise amplifier 495 Modelling the transistor and its noise properties 495 The coplanar LNA design 496 Simulation results 497 Measurement results 499 Miniaturized Ka-band MMIC high-gain medium power amplifier in coplanar waveguide technique 501 Introduction 501 MMIC design and results 501 Coplanar electronic circulators 504 Coplanar frequency doublers 509 Different realization concepts of FET frequency doublers 509 The single-device FET frequency doubler 509 The balanced (push-push) FET frequency doubler 509 The wideband FET frequency doubler 510 Realization of coplanar frequency doublers 511 The coplanar balanced hybrid MIC frequency doubler 512

6 Vn The coplanar balanced monolithic MIC frequency doubler 515 Vn.6.3 A coplanar times five frequency multiplier 518 Vn.7 Coplanar microwave oscillators 522 Vn.7.1 Coplanar microwave oscillator design 522 Vn.7.2 A 5 GHz coplanar voltage controlled oscillator 531 Vn.8 Bibliography and references to chapter VII 532 Index 547