Visual Display of Information

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1 Visual Display of Information

2 XKCD

3 Edward Tufte

4 Charles Joseph Minard s dramatic account of Napoleon's Russian campaign of 1812 (drawn in 1861) 1, men arrived in Moscow 422, men started the journey to Moscow may well be the best statistical graphic ever drawn. Tufte 1, men made it back to Poland This graphic shows six variables simultaneously: the size of the army, its location on a two-dimensional surface, direction of the army s movement, distance and temperature on various dates during the retreat from Moscow. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information by E. Tufte, Graphic Press, Cheshire, CT, 1983, page 4.

5 Broad Street neighborhood Visual and Statistical Thinking: Displays of Evidence for Making Decisions by E. Tufte, Graphic Press, Cheshire, CT, In September of 1854 Dr. John Snow used a dot (or location) map to plot the location of deaths due to cholera in central London. The red dots indicate the location of water pumps. The black bars ( ) indicate the total number of deaths in the area. Snow observed that the deaths due to cholera occurred primarily around the Broad Street water pump. He had the handle of the contaminated pump removed thus ending the cholera epidemic that claimed over 5 lives.

6 John Snow s Check Sheet Broad Street Pump

7 John Snow s data over time

8 Notice the different patterns for men and women. This example demonstrates the use of a dot or location map in conjunction with what what Tufte calls small multiples. The graphic show the location of 269 skin cancer melanomas. The top figure shows the total distribution of melanomas for both men and women. The middle figure shows the distribution and location for men (Manner) while the bottom figure presents the location of the melanomas in women (Frauen). From: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information by E. Tufte, Graphic Press, Cheshire, CT, 1983, page 171.

9 Tufte on graphical excellence Allow for visual comparisons Show the data Integrate words with the data Minimize markings (uninformative ink) not directly related to the data

10 Scaling Matters

11 1 VISN 1 1 VISN 2 1 VISN 3 1 VISN A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr Jun A ug Oc t Dec 1 8 VISN A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr J un A ug Oct Dec 1 8 VISN A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr J un A ug Oct Dec 1 8 VISN A pr Jun A ug Oc t Dec Feb A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec 1 8 VISN 8 Small Multiples: Overall System and 22 Districts A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr J un A ug Oct Dec A pr Jun A ug Oc t Dec Feb A pr J un A ug Oct Dec A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec VISN 9 VISN 1 VISN VISN Av e r a ge Wa i t i ng Ti me s: A l l P r i ma r y C a r e C l i ni c s i n VHA S y st e m A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec 6 1 VISN 13 1 VISN 14 1 VISN 15 1 VISN Ap r May Jun Ju l Au g Sep Oc t Nov De c Ja n Fe b Ma r Apr Ma y Jun e Ju l Aug Se p Oc t No v Dec Ja n VISN VISN VISN VISN 2 Average Waiting Times: All Primary Care Clinics in VHA System VISN VISN 22 The graphs for each VISN are called small multiples. They are designed for a quick visual comparisons of the data from each VISN. The graphs are all presented on the same waiting time scale ( to 1 days) and time scale (4/ - 12/1). 2 2 Provost

12 1 VISN 1 1 VISN 2 1 VISN 3 1 VISN A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr Jun A ug Oc t Dec 1 8 VISN A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr J un A ug Oct Dec 1 8 VISN A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr J un A ug Oct Dec 1 8 VISN A pr Jun A ug Oc t Dec Feb A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec 1 8 VISN 8 Small Multiples: Overall System and 22 Districts A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr J un A ug Oct Dec A pr Jun A ug Oc t Dec Feb A pr J un A ug Oct Dec A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec VISN 9 VISN 1 VISN VISN Av e r a ge Wa i t i ng Ti me s: A l l P r i ma r y C a r e C l i ni c s i n VHA S y st e m A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec Feb A pr Jun A ug Oct Dec 6 1 VISN 13 1 VISN 14 1 VISN 15 1 VISN Ap r May Jun Ju l Au g Sep Oc t Nov De c Ja n Fe b Ma r Apr Ma y Jun e Ju l Aug Se p Oc t No v Dec Ja n VISN VISN VISN VISN 2 Average Waiting Times: All Primary Care Clinics in VHA System VISN VISN 22 The graphs for each VISN are called small multiples. They are designed for a quick visual comparisons of the data from each VISN. The graphs are all presented on the same waiting time scale ( to 1 days) and time scale (4/ - 12/1). 2 2 Provost

13 Why look at data graphed over time? Change Made Change Made Change to process made in June Change Made Change Made

14 Data Table

15 Run Chart

16 Shewhart Control Chart (Xbar chart) Arrive in Healdsburg

17 Example 2

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25 Key Take Away Good visual display of information involves: communicating the most amount of information with the least ink possible Edward Tufte

GAMINGRE 8/1/ of 7

GAMINGRE 8/1/ of 7 FYE 09/30/92 JULY 92 0.00 254,550.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 254,550.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 254,550.00 AUG 10,616,710.31 5,299.95 845,656.83 84,565.68 61,084.86 23,480.82 339,734.73 135,893.89 67,946.95

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