GCSE 4241/02 GEOGRAPHY (Specification B) HIGHER TIER UNIT 1

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1 Surname Centre Number Candidate Number Other Names 0 GCSE 4241/02 GEOGRAPHY (Specification B) HIGHER TIER UNIT 1 S P.M. TUESDAY, 19 May hour For s use Question Maximum Mark Mark Awarded SPaG SPaG 3 Total 66 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Do not use gel pen or correction fluid. Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Answer both questions. At the end of each question there is a choice of case studies. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. If you run out of space, use the continuation pages at the back of the booklet, taking care to number the question(s) correctly. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part-question. You are reminded that assessment will take into account the Quality of Written Communication used in your answers to questions 1(e) and 2(e). In addition, your ability to spell, punctuate and use grammar accurately will be assessed in your answers to questions 1(e) and 2(e). MAY VP*(S )

2 2 Theme 1: Challenges of Living in a Built Environment Answer all parts of (a) to (d). There is a choice of questions in (e). 1. (a) Study the sketch map below. It shows the distribution of selected shops found in most UK cities. N KEY Large supermarket Grocery and convenience shops Dual carriageway CBD Main road/roundabouts Urban area R i Proposed supermarket v e r 0 1km approx (i) Describe the distribution of the large supermarkets shown on the map. [2] (ii) Compare the distribution of these supermarkets with that of the grocery and convenience shops. [2] 02

3 (iii) 3 The distribution of shops within urban areas is linked to three key geographical terms. Draw lines to match each of the three terms with its correct definition. One of the definitions provided is incorrect. [3] Geographical term Definition Catchment The maximum distance shoppers are prepared to travel, in order to buy goods. Range The area surrounding a shop from which its customers come. Threshold The area surrounding the shop from which it receives the goods that the shop sells. The minimum number of customers needed to visit a shop in order to make it profitable Turn over.

4 (b) 4 Study the graphs below. They show changes in market share (percentage of sales) of shops selling groceries KEY Independently owned, small convenience shops Large supermarkets (e.g. Tesco and Sainsbury s) Others (e.g. internet / discount shops) Market share of shops selling groceries % Describe the changes shown in market share for groceries between 1973 and Use figures to support your answer. [3] 04

5 v e r (c) 5 Study the map below. It shows the location of a proposed large supermarket. N CBD R i KEY Large supermarket Grocery and convenience shops Dual carriageway Main road/roundabouts Urban area Proposed supermarket 0 1km approx Explain why people living nearby have mixed feelings about it being built. You should include both positive and negative points in your answer. [6] Turn over.

6 (d) 6 In recent years many local services such as convenience shops, pubs and post offices have closed. Small supermarkets sometimes open in these empty buildings. Describe impacts this change may have on the local community. You may refer to social, economic or environmental impacts. [6] 06

7 7 (e) Case Studies Answer one of the questions, either (i) or (ii). You will be assessed on your spelling, punctuation and accurate use of grammar in this question. Either, Tick ( ) your choice (i) A case study about rural to urban migration: Name a city to which people are moving; Explain why people leave the countryside and move to this city; Describe problems this creates for planners in this city. Or, (ii) A case study about conflict resulting from leisure use in a rural area: Name a rural area where leisure use is causing conflict; Explain why this conflict occurs; Describe how the conflict is being managed. [8+3] Name of place studied: Turn over.

8 8 End of Theme 1 08

9 9 Theme 2: Physical Processes and the Relationships between People and Environments Answer all parts of (a) to (d). There is a choice of question in (e). 2. (a) Large ecosystems (biomes) cover much of the Earth s surface. Study the map below. It shows the distribution of savanna ecosystems. N NORTH AMERICA EUROPE ASIA Tropic of Cancer AFRICA Equator Tropic of Capricorn SOUTH AMERICA AUSTRALASIA Savanna ecosystem (i) Describe the distribution of savanna ecosystems. [2] 09 Turn over.

10 10 Study the photograph below. It shows an area of the savanna ecosystem in Africa. (ii) Geographical terms are used to help explain how ecosystems function. Draw lines to match each of the three terms with the correct definition. One of the definitions provided is incorrect. [3] Geographical term Abiotic Definition The exchange and movement of organic and inorganic matter within ecosystems. Nutrient Cycle The non-living components such as air, water and heat, within ecosystems. Producers The exchange and movement of precipitation. Organisms, such as plants, which are key components of food webs. 10

11 (b) 11 Study the climate graph below. It shows information about an area of savanna in Africa Rainfall (mm) Average Temperature ( C) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 25 Month (i) Complete the climate graph by plotting the following figures: [2] Temperature in June = 33 C Rainfall in June = 100 mm 11 Turn over.

12 12 Study the graph below. It shows the relationship between climate and two selected biomes. mean annual temperature ( C) mean annual precipitation (mm) Savanna Coniferous forest (ii) Compare the biomes of the savanna and the coniferous forest in relation to temperature and precipitation. Use figures to support your answer. [3] 12

13 (c) 13 Desertification is having a significant impact on parts of the savanna ecosystem. Explain why everyday life is challenging in savanna areas affected by desertification. Use the photographs and your own knowledge. [6] 13 Turn over.

14 14 (d) Explain why the problems associated with desertification are difficult to manage at a local and international scale. [6] 14

15 15 (e) Case Studies Answer one of the questions, either (i) or (ii). You will be assessed on your spelling, punctuation and accurate use of grammar in this question. Either, Tick ( ) your choice (i) A case study about an extreme weather event: Name the place(s) affected by the weather event; Explain causes of this weather event; Describe the effects of this weather event on people. Or, (ii) A case study about a river flood: Name the place(s) affected by this river flood; Explain the physical causes of this flood; Describe the effects of this flood on people. [8+3] Name of place(s) studied: Turn over.

16 16 End of Theme 2 END OF PAPER 16

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19 19 Question number Additional page, if required. Write the question number(s) in the left-hand margin. 19

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