Introduction to Information Visualization

Transcription

1 Introduction to Information Visualization

2 Edward Tufte: References The Visual Display of Quantitative Information Envisioning Information Visual Explanation Dr. John Stasko s Information Visualization class slides Dr. Jing Yang s Information Visualization class slides

3 Data Explosion Information technology is rapidly changing our society and life Computer, internet, iphone, facebook, youtube, GPS, Also introduce huge amount of data What is the quantitative measurement? A 2003 report from UC Berkeley Instant messaging generates five billion messages a day (750GB), or 274 Terabytes a year. generates about 400,000 terabytes of new information each year worldwide. The World Wide Web contains about 170 terabytes of information on its surface; in volume this is seventeen times the size of the Library of Congress print collections. See for details

4 Data Usage How to use the data Make sense of the data Help data mining and knowledge discovery Avoid overwhelming and clutter

5 Data to Human Perception Data sources: Web, Books, Papers, Game scores, Scientific data, Biotech, Shopping, Stock/finance Our ability Vision: 100 MB/s Ears: <100 b/s Smell? Taste?

6 Visual Perception Highest bandwidth sense Fast, parallel Pattern recognition Pre-attentive Extends memory and cognitive capacity People think visually

7 Example Count the number of 8s in the following text:

8 Example Count the number of 8s in the following text:

9 Example Which state has the highest income? Is there a relationship between income and education? Are there any outliers? Example courtesy of Chris North

10 Example Which state has the highest income? Is there a relationship between income and education? Are there any outliers?

11 Visualization Present data in a vision friendly way to promote people understand and gain insight from it Seeing is believing A picture is worth a thousand words The purpose of visualization is insight, not pictures

12 Visualization Visualization - the use of computersupported, interactive visual representations of data to amplify cognition From [Card, Mackinlay Shneiderman 98] A cognitive process not just graphics and images Form a mental image of something Internalize an understanding

13 Information Visualization About abstract data

14 Information Visualization About numerical data

15 Information Visualization About ordinal data ThemeRiver: Visualizing Theme Changes Over Time [Havre et al. Infovis 00]

16 Information Visualization About nominal data

17 Information Visualization About structure data

18 Information Visualization About space From NASA

19 Information Visualization About time From City-Data.com

20 Information Visualization About space and time Figurative Map of the successive losses in men of the French Army in the Russian campaign Drawn up by M. Minard, Inspector General of Bridges and Roads in retirement. Paris, November 20, 1869

21 Information Visualization About change

22 Information Visualization About motion and process Illustration of magic turning a silver coin into a copper coin

23 What is Information Visualization Analyzing, communicating, and decision making Of all method for analyzing and communicating statistical information, well-designed data graphics are usually the simplest and at the same time the most powerful - E. Tufte

24 Story 1: Cholera Location: London Time: August and September 1854 Event: Cholera broke out in the Broad Street area. Dr. John Snow suspected that the water supply was the cause.

25 Story 1: Cholera Will these figures help?

26 Dr. Snow s approach Story 1: Cholera

27 Story 1: Cholera Dr. Snow s conclusion The water pump at the Broad Street was contaminated The epidemic ended after the handle of that water pump was removed

28 Lessons: Story 1: Cholera 1. Place data in appropriate context for accessing cause and effect 2. Make quantitative comparisons 3. Consider alternative explanations and contrary cases

29 Story 2: Challenger On January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded and seven astronauts died because two rubber O- rings leaked

30 Story 2: Challenger Location: USA Time: January 27,1986 Event: Engineers suspected that rubber O-rings would fail due to cold weather the next day and requested to delay the launch. They submitted 13 charts to NASA to illustrate their viewpoint

31 Story 2: Challenger The chart showed the effect, but does not shown the possible cause, temperature Six types of descriptions break the evidence up into stupefying fragments

32 Story 2: Challenger Blow-by and temperature for two launches (there are other 22 cases left)

33 Story 2: Challenger Engineers conclusion O-rings would fail due to cold weather the next day. NASA officers conclusion They wouldn t fail. Consequence: Challenger was launched the next day. O-rings failed....

34 Story 2: Challenger What if this chart was used E. Tufte

35 Information Visualization It is about scale and dimensionality Scale Essential problem in reasoning is comparison Comparisons must be enforced within scope of eye span Dimensionality The world is multi-dimensional The paper and computer is 2 dimensional

36 Weather of New York The figure depicts 1,888 numbers

37 The Space Debris

38 The Cancer Maps

39 Information Visualization Interactive exploration Want to show multiple different perspectives on the data A way to increase scalability and dimensionality

40 Information Visualization Applications Document, images, videos, multimedia Financial/business data Internet information Software

41 Stock Visualization Visualization 1: Google finance - stock quotes

42 Stock Visualization Visualization 2: Smartmoney Map of Market

43 Online American history textbook

44 The Need In five years, 100 million people will be using an information-visualization tool on a near-daily basis. And products that have visualization as one of their top three features will earn $1 billion per year Ramana Rao, founder and chief technology officer, Inxight Software Inc., Sunnyvale, Calif