Author(s) Nguyen, Thi Phuong Thao; Pham, Hung.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Author(s) Nguyen, Thi Phuong Thao; Pham, Hung."

Elmer Ashley Beasley
5 years ago
Views:

Title ESTIMATION OF CANCER RISK BY BENZEN FROM VEHICLES Authr(s) Kaga, Akikazu; Knd, Akira; Shi, S Nguyen, Thi Phung Tha; Pham, Hung Annual Reprt f FY 24, The Cre

1 Title ESTIMATION OF CANCER RISK BY BENZEN FROM VEHICLES Authr(s) Kaga, Akikazu; Knd, Akira; Shi, S Nguyen, Thi Phung Tha; Pham, Hung Annual Reprt f FY 24, The Cre Citatin between Japan Siety fr the Prm Vietnamese Aademy f Siene and T P.5 Issue 25 Date Text Versin publisher URL DOI Rights Osaka University

2 ESTIMATION OF CANCER RISK BY BENZENE EMITTED FROM VEHICLES A. Kaga*, A. Knd*, S. Shi*, Y. Inue*, N. T. P. Tha** and P. H. Viet*** *Department f Envirnmental Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan **Institute.fEnvirnmental Tehnlgy, Analytial Labratry, Hani, Vietnam ***Researh Center fr Envirnmental Tehnlgy and Sustainable Develpment, Hani University f Siene, Hani, Vietnam ABSTRACT The estimatin f the benzene emissin fatrs frm the result f ntinuus mnitring f benzene and NOX nentratin near a main rad in Shijnawate City (Japan) in 23, and the mnitring result f benzene and N 2 nentratin near a rad in Hani City, altied ut in Deember 23, was reprted. T the data in Shijnawate City, the benzene emissin fatrs fr gasline vehiles and diesel ars were estimated t be 12.3 and 13.mglkmlvehile, respetively, frm the annual average nentratin f benzene and NOX, the traffi vlume data and NOX emissin fatrs. The mnitring result in Hani City shwed that the maximum f 1 hur average nentratin in the mnitring term had reahed t 2 J1 g 1m 3 Sine the OlTelatin between the traffi vlume and benzene nentratin was lw, the emissin fatrs f benzene uld nt be estimated in this m ni tring. KEYWORDS Benzene, emissin fatr, regressin analysis, risk evaluatin INTRODUCTION Benzene is a hemial whih has aringeni and the envirnmental standard in Japan is determined t be 3 J1 g 1m 3 in annual average. In Japan, the amunt f disharge in 22 estimated frm PRTR data was 19, tlyear, and it is presumed that 85% f the ttal benzene was disharged frm autmbiles r tw-wheeled vehiles. Therefre, it is thught that the aner risk by benzene expsure bemes high t the residents wh live near a main rad with heavy traffis. The purpse f ur jint researh prjet is larifying the atual nditin f the benzene nentratin in the atmsphere near a main rad with heavy traffis, and evaluating residents' aner risk in large ities in Japan and in Vietnam. In the Annual Reprt f FY23 f the Prgram, we reprted the mnitring f the benzene nentratin near a main rad in Ashiya City (Japan) and Hani City, and shwed that at the mnitring pint f bth ities the maximum f 1 hur average nentratin in the mnitring term had reahed t 2 J1 g 1m 3. Mrever, frm the mnitring result f the benzene nentratin in Ashiya City, the benzene emissin fatrs fr gasline vehiles and diesel ars were estimated t be 12.2 and 14.4mg/km Ivehile, respetively, and the aner risk f residents living near the rad was estimated thrugh the benzene dispersin alulatin using the emissin fatrs. The data used fr benzene risk evaluatin were meterlgial data, gemetry f the rad spae and the buildings near the rad, traffi vlume, the benzene emissin fatrs, the unit risk f benzene and ppulatin distributin. Amng these data, the benzene emissin fatrs have unertainty depending n the traveling nditin f vehiles, mpsitin f fuels and the perfrmane f exhaust gas pressing equipment. Therefre, in this reprt we estimated again the benzene emissin fatrs frm the benzene nentratin data ntinuusly mnitred in Shijnawate City by Osaka Prefeture. -47-

Mrever, sine the mnitring f this year in Hani City is planed t arry ut in this Otber, in this paper, the result in Deember 23, whih will be inluded in the Annual Reprt f FY23, is presented again.

3 Mrever, sine the mnitring f this year in Hani City is planed t arry ut in this Otber, in this paper, the result in Deember 23, whih will be inluded in the Annual Reprt f FY23, is presented again. ESTIMATION OF BENZENE EMISSION FACTORS FROM VEHICLES Shijnawate Air Pllutants Mnitring Statin In Shijnawate City in Osaka Prefeture, Osaka Prefeture is mnitring the I-hur average value f air pllutants nentratin inluding benzene ntinuusly at the plae alng a main rad. The map and the pht f the mnitring pint are shwn in Fig. I and Fig. 2, respetively. The mnitring pint is lated in the east side f Rute 17, whih is ne f the trunk rads in Osaka Prefeture. The annual average benzene nentratin f this pint was 2.9 J1 g 1m 3 in 23, and had leared envirnmental standard in Japan barely. The time variatin f benzene and NOX nentratin alulated by averaging the data in 23 f weekdays when the main wind diretin f the day was west, namely in ase the mnitring pint was the lee f the rad, is shwn in Fig. 3. Mrever, the typial time variatin f the traffi vlume f gasline vehiles and diesel ars, alulated frm the time variatin f the ttal traffi vlume mnitred by Osaka Prefeture and the rati f gasline vehiles and diesel ars whih we mnitred, is shwn in Fig. 4. Fig.1 Map near themnitring statin Fig.2 Pht near the mnitring statin 2, , 6 'J3 18 r , :-:::;;:;::-w;yl I l:; :;:; 8 " 15 6 x " Time [h] --P +' C " " ) N C e 4.. ';n 35 - ) : E 2 :::l 15 > te " 1 5 r- 6!-- Gasline vehiles. I I 1-- Diesel ars Time [h] 24 Fig.3 NOX and benzene nentratin FigA Traffi vlume Regressin Equatin t Estimate Benzene Emissin Fatrs The regressin equatin given by eq.( 1) was applied t estimate the benzene emissin fatrs. ( C B - C B ) I (en - en ) = (F BG T G + F BD T D ) I (FNG T G + FND T D ) (1) Here C Band C N are measured nentratins f benzene and NOX, respetively. e 8 and e NO -48

4 are the bakgrund nentratins due t generatin sures ther than the vehiles whih are running n Rut 17, respetively. F BG and FSD are the benzene emissin fatrs f gasline vehiles and diesel ars, respetively. F"G and F YD are the NOX emissin fatrs f gasline vehiles and diesel ars, respetively. TG and TD are the traffi vlume f gasline vehiles and diesel ars, respetively. NOX emissin fatr f.8 and 1.78glkmlvehile fr gasline vehiles and diesel ars were used as an average value in Japan. Estimatin f Bakgrund Cnentratin e BO and e x were estimated frm the relatinship between traffi vlume and atmspheri nentratin. Fig. 5 shws the relatin between C Band T G + T D' e 8 was assumed t be 1.1 /l g 1m 3 as the value f C B at TG + TD =. Fig. 6 shws the relatinship between en and estimated NOX emissin amunt, Q N = FNG T G + F (2) ND T D nsidering that the emissin fatr f NOX fr gasline vehiles and diesel ars are different signifiantly. eva was assumed t be 58.ppb as the value f en at QN =. Estimatin f Benzene Emissin Fatrs The value f F BG and FBD estimated beame t be 12.3 and 13.mg Ikmlvehile, respetively. The rrelatin R2 f the satisfatin f Eq.(1) was.77 as shwn in Fig.7. The estimated result f the benzene emissin fatrs in this reprt beame the similar value estimated in Ashiya City. bjl 6 :;:;; 2 2! III Ttal trafi vlume [vehiles/h] Fig.5 Traffi vlume and benzene nentratin '-:g: 2 3 '.p d 15 5 x z R2 = NOX emissin QN [g/km/h] Fig.6 NOX emissin and NOX nentratin "" 2 R' =.77 "" (FBG TG + FSD TD )/(FNG TG + F YD T D ) Fig.7 Crrelatin f regressin equatin 49-

5 BENZENE CONCENTRATION IN HANOI CITY Benzene nentratin was mnitred at the Institute f Chemistry, NCST, faed t a rad n 2nd and 3rd Deember 23. At the same time, N 2 and traffi vlume, wind speed and wind diretin were als mnitred. Benzene in the atmsphere was aptured by absrptin tubes every 1 hur, and analyzed by GC/MS with the thermal desrber. The situatin is shwn in Fig.S. The diurnal variatins f benzene nentratin, N 2 nentratin, traffi vlume and wind speed are shwn in Fig.9. N 2 nentratin had tw peaks at 9: and 17:. Its level was 6ppb. These peaks OlTespnded t mmuter time and t traffi vlume. In Hani City, mst f the vehiles were bikes. The number f Fig.S Pht f mnitring pint bike traffi vlume exeeded 5,/h. Benzene nentratin level beame high during daytime (frm 9: a.m. t 16:). But its level was dereased t less than 1 f-1 g 1m 3 after 16:. This variatin was nt similar t the variatin f N 2 nentratin and f traffi vlume. We annt find ut the bvius reasn why the diurnal variatin f benzene nentratin indiated suh behavir. We will measure benzene nentratin again t eluidate the reasn 't;l 5 4 Q 3 Q '" 2 z time _ 3 - _-.--_ ] time r , i-- -- I.8 -g Fig9. The diurnal variatins f benzene nentratin, N 2 nentratin, traffi vlume and wind speed CONCLUSIONS The benzene emissin fatrs fr gasline vehiles and diesel ars estimated frm the mnitring result near a main rad in SHijnawate City were 12.3 and 13.mg/km Ivehile, respetively. Fr the mnitring result in Hani City, the OlTelatin between traffi vlume data and benzene nentratin was very lw. The additinal mnitring will be required besides the inspetin f the reasn f lw OlTelatin. -5

SCHMIDT THEORY FOR STIRLING ENGINES

SCHMIDT THEORY FOR STIRLING ENGINES SHMIDT THOY FO STILING NGINS KOIHI HIATA Musashin-jjutaku 6-10, Gakuen -6-1, Musashimurayama, Tky 08, Japan Phne & Fax: +81-45-67-0086 e-mail: khirata@gem.bekkame.ne.jp url: http://www.bekkame.ne.jp/~khirata