Material Space Motion Time Phenomenon of Kinetic Energy and Inertia of Material Bodies

Transcription

1 AASCIT Journl of Physics 15; 1(4): 9-96 Published online July, 15 ( Mteril Spce Motion Time Phenomenon of Kinetic Energy nd Inerti of Mteril Bodies F F Mende B Verkin Institute for Low Temperture Physics nd Engineering, NAS Ukrine, Khrkov, Ukrine Emil ddress mende_fedor@milru, fmende@milru Keywords Mteril, Spce, Motion, Time, Kinetic Energy, Sclr-Vector Potentil Received: My 8, 15 Revised: June 6, 15 Accepted: June 7 15 Cittion F F Mende Mteril Spce Motion Time Phenomenon of Kinetic Energy nd Inerti of Mteril Bodies AASCIT Journl of Physics Vol 1, No 4, 15, pp 9-96 Abstrct In the rticle re exmined the problems, connected with the determintion of such concepts s spce, mteril, time Is introduced the concept of the point of united plce, which is only in the spce The concept of clustering spce, which presents the spce in the form is introduced of clusters with the intended sizes It is shown tht the time is not primry vlue, which re the length, mss nd force, but it depends on the prmeters indicted Is introduced the new system of units, in which the time is expressed through the mss nd the length It is well known tht for ccelerting the mteril bodies it is necessry to spend energy, in this cse the executed work psses into the kinetic energy With the brking the body returns this energy to the surrounding bodies, for which required the forces, the reverse fcts, which ccelerted body This is the phenomenon of the inerti However, nture of this phenomenon ws up to now not cler In the rticle it is shown tht the inerti nd kinetic energy of mteril bodies re the consequence of the dependence of the sclr potentil of chrge on the speed 1 Introduction The universe is filled with different forms of mteril, nd this mteril is found in the continuous motion Specificlly, with the motion of mtter is connected the introduction of the concept of time But in the existing scientific literture there is no cler physicl definition of such concepts s mteril nd spce There is no cler determintion nd concept of time Moreover, mny reserchers re inclined to consider tht this time the sme physicl substnce s mteril nd spce; therefore during the geometriztion of spce the time consider s one of the coordintes, whose scle cn depend on the speed of the motion of frme of reference The specil theory of reltivity is built on these principles In connection with this pproch the time is introduced s the primry physicl prmeter, which enters into ll existing systems of units In this cse is not considered the fct tht for mesuring the time necessrily in the required order the ttrction of other physicl quntities, such s mss, the length nd force Therefore nturl question rises, nd it is not possible whether to express time through physicl the quntities indicted Actully, the concept of length is inseprbly connected with the spce metrics cn be introduced s the distnce between two mteril objects, or s wvelength, which is extended in the free spce The mterility of the mteril objects surrounding us does not cuse doubt The concept of force we lso encounter in our dily life, undergoing grvity force, nd lso when we observe the ccelertion of bodies, under the ction of force This rticle is dedicted to the exmintion of mtters under discussion

2 9 F F Mende: Mteril Spce Motion Time Phenomenon of Kinetic Energy nd Inerti of Mteril Bodies Mteril nd the Spce In order to introduce wht or concept necessry to, first of ll, describe its properties of the within the frmework existing concepts In nture we observe two forms of mteril First of ll, these re the toms, of which consist the bodies, which is conventionlly designted s mteril Into the structure of toms enter the smller formtions, which is conventionlly designted s nucleons Atoms possess sizes, nd one of the bsic its of spce consists in the fct tht t its one nd the sme point it is not possible to simultneously plce two toms By this is determined the uniqueness of the point indicted, which in the spce is only in its kind We will cll this property of the point of spce the property of united plce From this property escpes the concept of time, which indictes tht t the point of united plce cnnot simultneously be locted two different mteril bodies, but to occupy this plce they cn only in the specific sequence This sequence introduces the concept of time [1,] There is nother form of mteril, which includes different fields nd electromgnetic wves The properties of this mteril re differed from the lredy exmined mteril tel Of this mteril is inherent the property of the interference, with which the fields interfere (they re dded) ccording to the specific lws Wve fields re chrcterized by tht property, tht they re found in the constnt motion, but interfering, they lso cn form structures fixed in the spce, which re the stnding wves Permnent fields lso interfere ccording to the specific lws nd cn destroy (to compenste) ech other An exmple is point, which is found on the line, which connects two similr dwn or two identicl mteril bodies If point is exist equidistntlyed from both objects, then fields t this point re red lso on the object, locted t the point indicted, they do not ct Introducing the concept of united plce, we re thus chieved clustering spce, mking with his discrete, nd this discretion hs its prmeters By the unitry unit, which determines clustering spce, we will cll unitry cluster Prcticl of the reliztion of clustering is determined by the technicl cpbilities of mesuring the sizes of mteril objects nd by the shortest wvelengths, which re known to us A clssicl rdius of electron composes 8x1-15 m In proton rdius still less composes 9x1-16 m The spectrum of the wvelengths of X-rdition vries in the limits of m Simplest is the cubic clustering, when unitry clusters re represented in the form the cube, whose edge they correspond to the lengths indicted With this pproch the point of united plce is the center of the cube indicted The minimlly resolvble volume of this cluster nd the minimlly resolvble distnce between the points of united plce, is determined by the resolution of the mens of the mesurement of length We will consider one of the possible lines, which contin the minimum number of such points, the distnce between two points of united plce We will cll this line stright line For the introduction of the concept of plne it is necessry to hve three points of the united plce, connected by stright lines We will cll the surfce, stretched between such lines nd which hs smllest possible quntity of points of united plce flt surfce For the introduction of the concept of plne it is necessry to hve three points of the united plce, connected by stright lines If we put on stright lines the plnes indicted, then they will limit the volume (we will cll this volume geometric figure), in which there will be locted specific quntity of points of united plce The summry volume of the clusters, entering the limited volume will represent the volume geometric of the figure in question For the ide of figures with the complex geometric form it is necessry to isolte more thn four points of united plce in the spce For the introduction of the concept of ngle let us introduce the concept of circle We will round count the line, locted on the plne, whose points re exist equidistnt from the selected point of united plce We will cll this point the center of circle We will consider tht two not coinciding stright lines, which emnte of one point of united plce form ngle If these lines proceed from the center of circle nd re locted in the plne, on which the circle is locted, then these stright lines interesect the line of circle We will cll distnce between centers of circle nd points of intersection of lines with the circle rdius of circle The length of the section of circle, locted between the points of intersection, expressed in the lengths of rdius, we will consider the mesure of the ngle, locted between rdii Rdin is the unit of the mesurement of ngles This is tht cse, when the length of the section between the points of intersection is equl to the length of rdius Motion nd the Time We will cll the displcement of body with the miniml sizes between the points of united plce simple motion This motion cn be rectiliner, if body is moved between the points of united plce, locted on the stright line nd by curviliner, if the condition indicted is not stisfied The motion of body cnnot rise spontneously, nd stisfction of the specified conditions is required for the ppernce of this motion So tht the body would begin to move to it necessry the ction from the side of other bodies, which is clled force In the existing systems of units the eqution of motion is written s follows F = m, where F is force, which cts on the body, m is the mss of body, is the ccelertion of body In this cse the ccelertion is defined s the second derivtive of wy by the time d x = dt In order to use this reltionship, the system of units, which introduces mss length nd time, is used s the primry units

3 AASCIT Journl of Physics 15; 1(4): But, if for the introduction of length nd mss there re physicl bses, since these re the ctully observed physicl quntities, there re no such bses for the introduction to time, since the time is not ctully observed The ctully observed physicl quntities re mss length nd force; therefore let us ttempt to express time through these vlues But for this it is necessry to select the units of length, force nd mss As the units of length nd mss we cn select the lredy existing units (in the system SI this is meter nd kilogrm)for the selection of the unit of force we will use the lw of universl grvittion We will consider tht there re two identicl msses M, whose centers re locted t distnce R In this cse we will consider tht the liner dimensions of the msses considerbly less thn the distnce between them In ccordnce with the lw of universl grvittion the force, which cts between such msses, will compose F = M 4R (1) In this reltionship we specilly lowered the grvittionl constnt, which is introduced in other systems of units, nd which contins second, since we ttempt to build the new system of units, which does not contin time The time, which will be required by the mss of M in order under the ction of the force indicted to cover distnce R, it is determined by the reltionship [ 1,] t = ± R M () This vlue let us ccept for the unit of time Its vlue is determined by specific physicl quntities nd their properties tking into ccount the lw of universl grvittion Exponentil is the fct tht in the dt the time cn be both positive nd negtive vlueis known tht time reversl, ie, sign chnge of time does not chnge the form of equtions of motion This mens tht for ny possible motion of system cn be chieved the time-reversed motion, when system consecutively psses to the reverse order of the sttes, symmetricl to sttes, pssed in the previous motion In this posing of the question nturlly to ssume tht, when in the system it occurs no chnges, then time for this system not t ll flows When in the system some reversible chnges occur, ie, it fter certin evolution returns reversibly to its initil stte, the time flows first in one, nd then in other direction, reversing the sign since in this cse the concept of time used to in ppliction to this concrete system, it is possible to introduce the proper time of system, ie to ssume tht in ech seprtely undertken system there is its proper time Sttes symmetricl on the time re chrcterized by opposite directions of the speeds (pulses) of prticles nd mgnetic field Temporry invrince leds to specific rtios between the probbilities of direct nd reverse rections, to the prohibition of some sttes of the polriztion of prticles in the rections, to the equlity to zero electricl dipole moment of elementry prticles nd T d It follows from the generl principles of the quntum field theory tht ll processes in nture re symmetricl reltive to the work of three opertions: the time reversl, three-dimensionl inversion nd chrge conjugtion Using the exmined method of introduction to time it is possible to build hours If re locted two identicl msses M, locted t distnce R, then, in ccordnce with the lw of universl grvittion, the force of their ttrction determines the dependence: If the msses indicted revolve round the overll center of msses nd cts the principle of the equivlence of grvittionl nd inert mss, then the equlity will be crried out: R T = ±4π () M where T is period of revolution of msses round the overll center It is evident tht this reltionship is differed from reltionship () only in terms of coefficient in order to trnsfer this vlue into seconds, should be used by coefficient For its obtining the lw of universl grvittion (1) nd the vlues, entering reltionship () one should write down in one of the systems of units In the system SI the vluet, clculted in seconds, will be equl R T = ±4π GM Consequently, conversion fctor will be equl T H K = = T H G (4) where grvittionl constnt G is determined in the system SI If we clculte the coefficient K, then it will be evident tht the newly introduced unit of time is pproximtely five orders more thn second This, of course, is not very convenient, but in order to void these inconveniences, it is possible to introduce dimensionless coefficient (4) into reltionship () Then the time, mesured by the hours exmined will be clculted in seconds Since time now hs its own dimensionlity, pssge to the electricl systems of units lso does not compose lbor, simply into the pproprite dimensionlity of ones it is necessry to put the new dimensionlity of time with the selected dimensionless conversion fctor If we for mesuring the electricl units use to Guss system nd to express in it time in the units of mss nd length, then ll electricl nd mgnetic units will be lso expressed in the units of mss nd length It is well known tht for ccelerting the mteril bodies it is necessry to spend energy, in this cse the executed work psses into the kinetic energy With the brking the body

4 95 F F Mende: Mteril Spce Motion Time Phenomenon of Kinetic Energy nd Inerti of Mteril Bodies returns this energy to the surrounding bodies, for which be required the forces, the reverse fcts, which ccelerted body This is the phenomenon of the inerti It is cler tht in the process of ccelertion the body ccumultes some form of energy, which returns then to the environment with its brking But none of the existing t present theories gives nswer to question, tht this fter energy nd how it is ccumulted nd returns Chrged the bodies nd in the chrges re hd the electricl field, possessing of the energy It is possible to expect tht the dependence of these pour on from the speed it cn shed light to this question In the specil theory of reltivity (SR) the electric fields of chrges depend on speed, nd, it would seem, this theory hd to give nswer to the presented question Butinto SR the chrge is the invrint of the speed Its fields lthough chnge in the process of ccelertion, these chnges occur in such wy tht to n increse pour on norml to the direction of motion it is compensted by the decrese of longitudinl pour on, nd the flow of the electric field through the surfce, which surrounds chrge remins constnt In works [-1] it is shown tht within the frmework the Glileo conversions the sclr potentil of chrge depends on speed In this cse the electric fields, norml to the direction of its motion, increse, while longitudinl fields they remin constnt Similr of the pproch gives of the possibility to explin of the phenomenon of the kinetic energy nd the inerti of the mteril bodies 4 Kinetic Energy of the Electrified Bodies The electron hs the electricl fields, energy which esy to clculte Specific energy of the electricl fields is written w = 1 ε E The tension of the electricl fields of the electron is determined by the equlity e E = 4πε r Using the element the volume 4π r dr, we obtin the energy of the fields on resting of the electron: e dr W = = 8πε 8 r e πε, where e is the chrge, is rdius of the electron If electron moves with the speed v, then, ccording to the concept of sclr-vector potentil, its electric fields, norml to the direction of motion, increse [6-1] v 1v E = Ech E 1+ c c Let us write down the electric fields, norml to the direction of motion in the coordinte system, represented in Fig 1 Fig 1 The element of the volume, utilized for the clcultion of the energy fields moving of the electron Then the energy of the fields moving electron will be written down W 1v e sin qdqdr = 1+ v c 8πε r The integrtion to the ngle gives π π sin (1 cos ) (cos ) cos cos q 4 Therefore qdq = q d q = q + = 4 4 1v e dr 4 v 1v e Wv = 1+ = c 8 πε r c c πε For of the speeds is considerble smller of the speed of the 1v light the term cn be disregrded, therefore 4c 4 v e Wv = 1 + c 8πε The connection between by energy of the fields nd with the mss of the rest of the electron is given by the equlity [11]: 4 e W = = mc 8πε Consequently, dditionl energy of electron, connected with the fct tht of its field they depend on speed, to be determined by the reltionship W = mv v This is the kinetic energy moving of the electron It is differed from the conventionl vlue in terms of the coefficient 1, but this indictes only tht the fct tht the

5 AASCIT Journl of Physics 15; 1(4): officilly tken vlue of the mss of electron must be decresed two times Thus, we estblished the physicl cuse for the presence in the moving electrified bodies of kinetic energy, nd, therefore, lso their inerti properties These the property re connected with the dependence of the sclr potentil of chrges on the speed, nd since ll mteril bodies consist of the free or bound chrges, this rule is universl 5 Conclusion In the rticle re exmined the problems, connected with the determintion of such concepts s spce, mteril, time Is introduced the concept of the point of united plce, which is only in the spce The concept of clustering spce, which presents the spce in the form is introduced of clusters with the intended sizes It is shown tht the time is not primry vlue, which re the length, mss nd force, but it depends on the prmeters indicted Is introduced the new system of units, in which the time is expressed through the mss nd the length The concept of the globl of counting nd globl time is introduced Are given the conversions of electromgnetic pour on upon trnsfer from the globl of counting into the inertil system It is well known tht for ccelerting the mteril bodies it is necessry to spend energy, in this cse the executed work psses into the kinetic energy With the brking the body returns this energy to the surrounding bodies, for which be required the forces, the reverse fcts, which ccelerted body This is the phenomenon of the inerti However, nture of this phenomenon ws up to now not cler In the rticle it is shown tht the inerti nd kinetic energy of mteril bodies re the consequence of the dependence of the sclr potentil of chrge on the speed The reltionships, which reflect this lw, re obtined References [1] F F Mende, The problem of contemporry physics nd method of their solution, LAP LAMBERT Acdemic Publishing, 1 [] F F Mende, Problems of modern physics nd their solutions, PALMARIUM Acdemic Publishing, 1 [] F F Mende, On refinement of equtions of electromgnetic induction, Khrkov, deposited in VINITI, No 774 B88 Dep, 1988 [4] F F Mende, Are there errors in modern physics Khrkov, Constnt, [5] FF Mende, On refinement of certin lws of clssicl electrodynmics, rxivorg/bs/physics/484 [6] F F Mende, Conception of the sclr-vector potentil in contemporry electrodynmics, rxivorg/bs/physics/568 [7] F F Mende, Gret misconceptions nd errors physicists XIX-XX centuries Revolution in modern physics, Khrkov, NTMT, 1 [8] F F Mende, New electrodynmics, revolution in the modern physics Khrkov, NTMT, 1 [9] F F Mende, New pproches in contemporry clssicl electrodynmics Prt II, Engineering Physics,, 1, p -17 [1] F F Mende, Considertion nd the Refinement of Some Lws nd Concepts of Clssicl Electrodynmics nd New Ides in Modern Electrodynmics, Interntionl Journl of Physics, 14, Vol, No 8, 1-6 [11] R Feynmn, R Leighton, M Sends, Feynmn lectures on physics, М Mir, Vol6, 1977