Analytically, vectors will be represented by lowercase bold-face Latin letters, e.g. a, r, q.
|
|
- Leona Horton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1.1 Vector Alger Sclrs A physicl quntity which is completely descried y single rel numer is clled sclr. Physiclly, it is something which hs mgnitude, nd is completely descried y this mgnitude. Exmples re temperture, density nd mss. In the following, lowercse (usully Greek) letters, e.g.,,, will e used to represent sclrs Vectors The concept of the vector is used to descrie physicl quntities which hve oth mgnitude nd direction ssocited with them. Exmples re force, velocity, displcement nd ccelertion. Geometriclly, vector is represented y n rrow; the rrow defines the direction of the vector nd the mgnitude of the vector is represented y the length of the rrow, Fig Anlyticlly, vectors will e represented y lowercse old-fce Ltin letters, e.g., r, q. The mgnitude (or length) of vector is denoted y or. It is sclr nd must e non-negtive. Any vector whose length is 1 is clled unit vector; unit vectors will usully e denoted y e. c () () Figure 1.1.1: () vector; () ddition of vectors Vector Alger The opertions of ddition, sutrction nd multipliction fmilir in the lger of numers (or sclrs) cn e extended to n lger of vectors. Solid Mechnics Prt III 3
2 The following definitions nd properties fundmentlly define the vector: 1. Sum of Vectors: The ddition of vectors nd is vector c formed y plcing the initil point of on the terminl point of nd then joining the initil point of to the terminl point of. The sum is written c. This definition is clled the prllelogrm lw for vector ddition ecuse, in geometricl interprettion of vector ddition, c is the digonl of prllelogrm formed y the two vectors nd, Fig The following properties hold for vector ddition: commuttive lw c c ssocitive lw. The Negtive Vector: For ech vector there exists negtive vector. This vector hs direction opposite to tht of vector ut hs the sme mgnitude; it is denoted y. A geometricl interprettion of the negtive vector is shown in Fig Sutrction of Vectors nd the Zero Vector: The sutrction of two vectors nd is defined y ( ), Fig If then is defined s the zero vector (or null vector) nd is represented y the symol o. It hs zero mgnitude nd unspecified direction. A proper vector is ny vector other thn the null vector. Thus the following properties hold: o o 4. Sclr Multipliction: The product of vector y sclr is vector with mgnitude times the mgnitude of nd with direction the sme s or opposite to tht of, ccording s is positive or negtive. If 0, is the null vector. The following properties hold for sclr multipliction: distriutive lw, over ddition of sclrs distriutive lw, over ddition of vectors ( ) ( ) ssocitive lw for sclr multipliction () () Figure 1.1.: () negtive of vector; () sutrction of vectors Solid Mechnics Prt III 4
3 Note tht when two vectors nd re equl, they hve the sme direction nd mgnitude, regrdless of the position of their initil points. Thus in Fig A prticulr position in spce is not ssigned here to vector it just hs mgnitude nd direction. Such vectors re clled free, to distinguish them from certin specil vectors to which prticulr position in spce is ctully ssigned. Figure 1.1.3: equl vectors The vector s something with mgnitude nd direction nd defined y the ove rules is n element of one cse of the mthemticl structure, the vector spce. The vector spce is discussed in the next section, The Dot Product The dot product of two vectors nd (lso clled the sclr product) is denoted y. It is sclr defined y cos. (1.1.1) here is the ngle etween the vectors when their initil points coincide nd is restricted to the rnge 0, Fig Figure 1.1.4: the dot product An importnt property of the dot product is tht if for two (proper) vectors nd, the reltion 0, then nd re perpendiculr. The two vectors re sid to e orthogonl. Also, cos(0), so tht the length of vector is. Another importnt property is tht the projection of vector u long the direction of unit vector e is given y u e. This cn e interpreted geometriclly s in Fig Solid Mechnics Prt III 5
4 u e u u e u cos Figure 1.1.5: the projection of vector long the direction of unit vector It follows tht ny vector u cn e decomposed into component prllel to (unit) vector e nd nother component perpendiculr to e, ccording to u ee u u ee u (1.1.) The dot product possesses the following properties (which cn e proved using the ove definition) { Prolem 6}: (1) (commuttive) () c c (distriutive) (3) (4) 0; nd 0 if nd only if o The Cross Product The cross product of two vectors nd (lso clled the vector product) is denoted y. It is vector with mgnitude sin (1.1.3) with defined s for the dot product. It cn e seen from the figure tht the mgnitude of is equivlent to the re of the prllelogrm determined y the two vectors nd. Figure 1.1.6: the mgnitude of the cross product The direction of this new vector is perpendiculr to oth nd. Whether points up or down is determined from the fct tht the three vectors, nd form right hnded system. This mens tht if the thum of the right hnd is pointed in the Solid Mechnics Prt III 6
5 direction of, nd the open hnd is directed in the direction of, then the curling of the fingers of the right hnd so tht it closes should move the fingers through the ngle, 0, ringing them to. Some exmples re shown in Fig Figure 1.1.7: exmples of the cross product The cross product possesses the following properties (which cn e proved using the ove definition): (1) (not commuttive) () c c (distriutive) (3) (4) o o re prllel ( linerly dependent ) if nd only if nd The Triple Sclr Product The triple sclr product, or ox product, of three vectors u, v, w is defined y u v w v wu w u v Triple Sclr Product (1.1.4) Its importnce lies in the fct tht, if the three vectors form right-hnded trid, then the volume V of prllelepiped spnned y the three vectors is equl to the ox product. To see this, let e e unit vector in the direction of of w on u v is h w e, nd w u v w u v e u v, Fig Then the projection u v h V (1.1.5) Solid Mechnics Prt III 7
6 w u v e h Figure 1.1.8: the triple sclr product Note: if the three vectors do not form right hnded trid, then the triple sclr product yields the negtive of the volume. For exmple, using the vectors ove, wv u. V Vectors nd Points Vectors re ojects which hve mgnitude nd direction, ut they do not hve ny specific loction in spce. On the other hnd, point hs certin position in spce, nd the only chrcteristic tht distinguishes one point from nother is its position. Points cnnot e dded together like vectors. On the other hnd, vector v cn e dded to point p to give new point q, q v p, Fig Similrly, the difference etween two points gives vector, q p v. Note tht the notion of point s defined here is slightly different to the fmilir point in spce with xes nd origin the concept of origin is not necessry for these points nd their simple opertions with vectors. v q p Figure 1.1.9: dding vectors to points Prolems 1. Which of the following re sclrs nd which re vectors? (i) weight (ii) specific het (iii) momentum (iv) energy (v) volume. Find the mgnitude of the sum of three unit vectors drwn from common vertex of cue long three of its sides. Solid Mechnics Prt III 8
7 3. Consider two non-colliner (not prllel) vectors nd. Show tht vector r lying in the sme plne s these vectors cn e written in the form r p q, where p nd q re sclrs. [Note: one sys tht ll the vectors r in the plne re specified y the se vectors nd.] 4. Show tht the dot product of two vectors u nd v cn e interpreted s the mgnitude of u times the component of v in the direction of u. 5. The work done y force, represented y vector F, in moving n oject given distnce is the product of the component of force in the given direction times the distnce moved. If the vector s represents the direction nd mgnitude (distnce) the oject is moved, show tht the work done is equivlent to F s. 6. Prove tht the dot product is commuttive,. [Note: this is equivlent to sying, for exmple, tht the work done in prolem 5 is lso equl to the component of s in the direction of the force, times the mgnitude of the force.] 7. Sketch if nd re s shown elow. 8. Show tht. 9. Suppose tht rigid ody rottes out n xis O with ngulr speed, s shown elow. Consider point p in the ody with position vector r. Show tht the velocity v of p is given y v ωr, where ω is the vector with mgnitude nd whose direction is tht in which right-hnded screw would dvnce under the rottion. [Note: let s e the rc-length trced out y the prticle s it rottes through n ngle on circle of rdius r, then v v r (since s r, ds / dt r( d / dt) ).] ω O r r p v 10. Show, geometriclly, tht the dot nd cross in the triple sclr product cn e interchnged: c c. 11. Show tht the triple vector product c lies in the plne spnned y the vectors nd. Solid Mechnics Prt III 9
Things to Memorize: A Partial List. January 27, 2017
Things to Memorize: A Prtil List Jnury 27, 2017 Chpter 2 Vectors - Bsic Fcts A vector hs mgnitude (lso clled size/length/norm) nd direction. It does not hve fixed position, so the sme vector cn e moved
More informationOn the diagram below the displacement is represented by the directed line segment OA.
Vectors Sclrs nd Vectors A vector is quntity tht hs mgnitude nd direction. One exmple of vector is velocity. The velocity of n oject is determined y the mgnitude(speed) nd direction of trvel. Other exmples
More information4 VECTORS. 4.0 Introduction. Objectives. Activity 1
4 VECTRS Chpter 4 Vectors jectives fter studying this chpter you should understnd the difference etween vectors nd sclrs; e le to find the mgnitude nd direction of vector; e le to dd vectors, nd multiply
More informationVector differentiation. Chapters 6, 7
Chpter 2 Vectors Courtesy NASA/JPL-Cltech Summry (see exmples in Hw 1, 2, 3) Circ 1900 A.D., J. Willird Gis invented useful comintion of mgnitude nd direction clled vectors nd their higher-dimensionl counterprts
More informationChapter 2. Vectors. 2.1 Vectors Scalars and Vectors
Chpter 2 Vectors 2.1 Vectors 2.1.1 Sclrs nd Vectors A vector is quntity hving both mgnitude nd direction. Emples of vector quntities re velocity, force nd position. One cn represent vector in n-dimensionl
More informationVectors , (0,0). 5. A vector is commonly denoted by putting an arrow above its symbol, as in the picture above. Here are some 3-dimensional vectors:
Vectors 1-23-2018 I ll look t vectors from n lgeric point of view nd geometric point of view. Algericlly, vector is n ordered list of (usully) rel numers. Here re some 2-dimensionl vectors: (2, 3), ( )
More information2. VECTORS AND MATRICES IN 3 DIMENSIONS
2 VECTORS AND MATRICES IN 3 DIMENSIONS 21 Extending the Theory of 2-dimensionl Vectors x A point in 3-dimensionl spce cn e represented y column vector of the form y z z-xis y-xis z x y x-xis Most of the
More informationHigher Checklist (Unit 3) Higher Checklist (Unit 3) Vectors
Vectors Skill Achieved? Know tht sclr is quntity tht hs only size (no direction) Identify rel-life exmples of sclrs such s, temperture, mss, distnce, time, speed, energy nd electric chrge Know tht vector
More informationTHREE-DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS OF RIGID BODIES
THREE-DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS OF RIGID BODIES 1. TRANSLATION Figure shows rigid body trnslting in three-dimensionl spce. Any two points in the body, such s A nd B, will move long prllel stright lines if
More informationLesson Notes: Week 40-Vectors
Lesson Notes: Week 40-Vectors Vectors nd Sclrs vector is quntity tht hs size (mgnitude) nd direction. Exmples of vectors re displcement nd velocity. sclr is quntity tht hs size but no direction. Exmples
More informationVECTORS, TENSORS, AND MATRICES. 2 + Az. A vector A can be defined by its length A and the direction of a unit
GG33 Lecture 7 5/17/6 1 VECTORS, TENSORS, ND MTRICES I Min Topics C Vector length nd direction Vector Products Tensor nottion vs. mtrix nottion II Vector Products Vector length: x 2 + y 2 + z 2 vector
More information8. Complex Numbers. We can combine the real numbers with this new imaginary number to form the complex numbers.
8. Complex Numers The rel numer system is dequte for solving mny mthemticl prolems. But it is necessry to extend the rel numer system to solve numer of importnt prolems. Complex numers do not chnge the
More informationChapter 4 Contravariance, Covariance, and Spacetime Diagrams
Chpter 4 Contrvrince, Covrince, nd Spcetime Digrms 4. The Components of Vector in Skewed Coordintes We hve seen in Chpter 3; figure 3.9, tht in order to show inertil motion tht is consistent with the Lorentz
More information9.4. The Vector Product. Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Outcomes
The Vector Product 9.4 Introduction In this section we descrie how to find the vector product of two vectors. Like the sclr product its definition my seem strnge when first met ut the definition is chosen
More informationMatrix Algebra. Matrix Addition, Scalar Multiplication and Transposition. Linear Algebra I 24
Mtrix lger Mtrix ddition, Sclr Multipliction nd rnsposition Mtrix lger Section.. Mtrix ddition, Sclr Multipliction nd rnsposition rectngulr rry of numers is clled mtrix ( the plurl is mtrices ) nd the
More informationSTRAND J: TRANSFORMATIONS, VECTORS and MATRICES
Mthemtics SKE: STRN J STRN J: TRNSFORMTIONS, VETORS nd MTRIES J3 Vectors Text ontents Section J3.1 Vectors nd Sclrs * J3. Vectors nd Geometry Mthemtics SKE: STRN J J3 Vectors J3.1 Vectors nd Sclrs Vectors
More informationset is not closed under matrix [ multiplication, ] and does not form a group.
Prolem 2.3: Which of the following collections of 2 2 mtrices with rel entries form groups under [ mtrix ] multipliction? i) Those of the form for which c d 2 Answer: The set of such mtrices is not closed
More information3. Vectors. Home Page. Title Page. Page 2 of 37. Go Back. Full Screen. Close. Quit
Rutgers University Deprtment of Physics & Astronomy 01:750:271 Honors Physics I Lecture 3 Pge 1 of 37 3. Vectors Gols: To define vector components nd dd vectors. To introduce nd mnipulte unit vectors.
More informationCoordinate geometry and vectors
MST124 Essentil mthemtics 1 Unit 5 Coordinte geometry nd vectors Contents Contents Introduction 4 1 Distnce 5 1.1 The distnce etween two points in the plne 5 1.2 Midpoints nd perpendiculr isectors 7 2
More informationKINEMATICS OF RIGID BODIES
KINEMTICS OF RIGID ODIES Introduction In rigid body kinemtics, e use the reltionships governing the displcement, velocity nd ccelertion, but must lso ccount for the rottionl motion of the body. Description
More informationDEFINITION OF ASSOCIATIVE OR DIRECT PRODUCT AND ROTATION OF VECTORS
3 DEFINITION OF ASSOCIATIVE OR DIRECT PRODUCT AND ROTATION OF VECTORS This chpter summrizes few properties of Cli ord Algebr nd describe its usefulness in e ecting vector rottions. 3.1 De nition of Associtive
More informationIMPOSSIBLE NAVIGATION
Sclrs versus Vectors IMPOSSIBLE NAVIGATION The need for mgnitude AND direction Sclr: A quntity tht hs mgnitude (numer with units) ut no direction. Vector: A quntity tht hs oth mgnitude (displcement) nd
More informationTo Do. Vectors. Motivation and Outline. Vector Addition. Cartesian Coordinates. Foundations of Computer Graphics (Spring 2010) x y
Foundtions of Computer Grphics (Spring 2010) CS 184, Lecture 2: Review of Bsic Mth http://inst.eecs.erkeley.edu/~cs184 o Do Complete Assignment 0 Downlod nd compile skeleton for ssignment 1 Red instructions
More information10 Vector Integral Calculus
Vector Integrl lculus Vector integrl clculus extends integrls s known from clculus to integrls over curves ("line integrls"), surfces ("surfce integrls") nd solids ("volume integrls"). These integrls hve
More informationProblem Solving 7: Faraday s Law Solution
MASSACHUSETTS NSTTUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Deprtment of Physics: 8.02 Prolem Solving 7: Frdy s Lw Solution Ojectives 1. To explore prticulr sitution tht cn led to chnging mgnetic flux through the open surfce
More information1.2 What is a vector? (Section 2.2) Two properties (attributes) of a vector are and.
Homework 1. Chpters 2. Bsis independent vectors nd their properties Show work except for fill-in-lnks-prolems (print.pdf from www.motiongenesis.com Textooks Resources). 1.1 Solving prolems wht engineers
More information13.3 CLASSICAL STRAIGHTEDGE AND COMPASS CONSTRUCTIONS
33 CLASSICAL STRAIGHTEDGE AND COMPASS CONSTRUCTIONS As simple ppliction of the results we hve obtined on lgebric extensions, nd in prticulr on the multiplictivity of extension degrees, we cn nswer (in
More informationVECTORS. 2. Physical quantities are broadly divided in two categories viz (a) Vector Quantities & (b) Scalar quantities.
J-Mthemtics. INTRDUCTIN : Vectors constitute one of the severl Mthemticl systems which cn e usefully employed to provide mthemticl hndling for certin types of prolems in Geometry, Mechnics nd other rnches
More informationMathematics. Area under Curve.
Mthemtics Are under Curve www.testprepkrt.com Tle of Content 1. Introduction.. Procedure of Curve Sketching. 3. Sketching of Some common Curves. 4. Are of Bounded Regions. 5. Sign convention for finding
More informationVectors. Introduction. Definition. The Two Components of a Vector. Vectors
Vectors Introduction This pper covers generl description of vectors first (s cn e found in mthemtics ooks) nd will stry into the more prcticl res of grphics nd nimtion. Anyone working in grphics sujects
More informationSeptember 13 Homework Solutions
College of Engineering nd Computer Science Mechnicl Engineering Deprtment Mechnicl Engineering 5A Seminr in Engineering Anlysis Fll Ticket: 5966 Instructor: Lrry Cretto Septemer Homework Solutions. Are
More informationSCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & BUIL ENVIRONMEN MARICES FOR ENGINEERING Dr Clum Mcdonld Contents Introduction Definitions Wht is mtri? Rows nd columns of mtri Order of mtri Element of mtri Equlity of mtrices Opertions
More informationINTRODUCTION TO LINEAR ALGEBRA
ME Applied Mthemtics for Mechnicl Engineers INTRODUCTION TO INEAR AGEBRA Mtrices nd Vectors Prof. Dr. Bülent E. Pltin Spring Sections & / ME Applied Mthemtics for Mechnicl Engineers INTRODUCTION TO INEAR
More information3. Vectors. Vectors: quantities which indicate both magnitude and direction. Examples: displacemement, velocity, acceleration
Rutgers University Deprtment of Physics & Astronomy 01:750:271 Honors Physics I Lecture 3 Pge 1 of 57 3. Vectors Vectors: quntities which indicte both mgnitude nd direction. Exmples: displcemement, velocity,
More informationAlg. Sheet (1) Department : Math Form : 3 rd prep. Sheet
Ciro Governorte Nozh Directorte of Eduction Nozh Lnguge Schools Ismili Rod Deprtment : Mth Form : rd prep. Sheet Alg. Sheet () [] Find the vlues of nd in ech of the following if : ) (, ) ( -5, 9 ) ) (,
More informationChapter 1 VECTOR ALGEBRA
Chpter 1 VECTOR LGEBR INTRODUCTION: Electromgnetics (EM) m be regrded s the stud of the interctions between electric chrges t rest nd in motion. Electromgnetics is brnch of phsics or electricl engineering
More informationS56 (5.3) Vectors.notebook January 29, 2016
Dily Prctice 15.1.16 Q1. The roots of the eqution (x 1)(x + k) = 4 re equl. Find the vlues of k. Q2. Find the rte of chnge of 剹 x when x = 1 / 8 Tody we will e lerning out vectors. Q3. Find the eqution
More information1.3 SCALARS AND VECTORS
Bridge Course Phy I PUC 24 1.3 SCLRS ND VECTORS Introdution: Physis is the study of nturl phenomen. The study of ny nturl phenomenon involves mesurements. For exmple, the distne etween the plnet erth nd
More informationThe Algebra (al-jabr) of Matrices
Section : Mtri lgebr nd Clculus Wshkewicz College of Engineering he lgebr (l-jbr) of Mtrices lgebr s brnch of mthemtics is much broder thn elementry lgebr ll of us studied in our high school dys. In sense
More informationLINEAR ALGEBRA APPLIED
5.5 Applictions of Inner Product Spces 5.5 Applictions of Inner Product Spces 7 Find the cross product of two vectors in R. Find the liner or qudrtic lest squres pproimtion of function. Find the nth-order
More informationMATH1131 Mathematics 1A Algebra
MATH1131 Mthemtics 1A Alger UNSW Sydney Semester 1, 017 Mike Mssierer Mike is pronounced like Mich mike@unsweduu Plese emil me if you hve ny questions or comments Office hours TBA (week ), or emil me to
More information11-755/ Machine Learning for Signal Processing. Algebra. Class Sep Instructor: Bhiksha Raj
-755/8-797 Mchine Lerning for Signl Processing Fundmentls of Liner Alger Clss -3 Sep Instructor: Bhiksh Rj Sep -755/8-797 Administrivi Registrtion: Anyone on witlist still? Homework : Will e hnded out
More informationGeometric Sequences. Geometric Sequence a sequence whose consecutive terms have a common ratio.
Geometric Sequences Geometric Sequence sequence whose consecutive terms hve common rtio. Geometric Sequence A sequence is geometric if the rtios of consecutive terms re the sme. 2 3 4... 2 3 The number
More informationCHAPTER 1 CENTRES OF MASS
1.1 Introduction, nd some definitions. 1 CHAPTER 1 CENTRES OF MASS This chpter dels with the clcultion of the positions of the centres of mss of vrious odies. We strt with rief eplntion of the mening of
More information378 Relations Solutions for Chapter 16. Section 16.1 Exercises. 3. Let A = {0,1,2,3,4,5}. Write out the relation R that expresses on A.
378 Reltions 16.7 Solutions for Chpter 16 Section 16.1 Exercises 1. Let A = {0,1,2,3,4,5}. Write out the reltion R tht expresses > on A. Then illustrte it with digrm. 2 1 R = { (5,4),(5,3),(5,2),(5,1),(5,0),(4,3),(4,2),(4,1),
More informationHow do we solve these things, especially when they get complicated? How do we know when a system has a solution, and when is it unique?
XII. LINEAR ALGEBRA: SOLVING SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS Tody we re going to tlk out solving systems of liner equtions. These re prolems tht give couple of equtions with couple of unknowns, like: 6= x + x 7=
More informationDefinite Integrals. The area under a curve can be approximated by adding up the areas of rectangles = 1 1 +
Definite Integrls --5 The re under curve cn e pproximted y dding up the res of rectngles. Exmple. Approximte the re under y = from x = to x = using equl suintervls nd + x evluting the function t the left-hnd
More informationCM10196 Topic 4: Functions and Relations
CM096 Topic 4: Functions nd Reltions Guy McCusker W. Functions nd reltions Perhps the most widely used notion in ll of mthemtics is tht of function. Informlly, function is n opertion which tkes n input
More information7.1 Integral as Net Change and 7.2 Areas in the Plane Calculus
7.1 Integrl s Net Chnge nd 7. Ares in the Plne Clculus 7.1 INTEGRAL AS NET CHANGE Notecrds from 7.1: Displcement vs Totl Distnce, Integrl s Net Chnge We hve lredy seen how the position of n oject cn e
More information1 ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA and GEOMETRY READINESS DIAGNOSTIC TEST PRACTICE
ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA nd GEOMETRY READINESS DIAGNOSTIC TEST PRACTICE Directions: Study the exmples, work the prolems, then check your nswers t the end of ech topic. If you don t get the nswer given, check
More informationLecture V. Introduction to Space Groups Charles H. Lake
Lecture V. Introduction to Spce Groups 2003. Chrles H. Lke Outline:. Introduction B. Trnsltionl symmetry C. Nomenclture nd symols used with spce groups D. The spce groups E. Derivtion nd discussion of
More informationPolynomials and Division Theory
Higher Checklist (Unit ) Higher Checklist (Unit ) Polynomils nd Division Theory Skill Achieved? Know tht polynomil (expression) is of the form: n x + n x n + n x n + + n x + x + 0 where the i R re the
More informationMachine Learning for Signal Processing Fundamentals of Linear Algebra
Mchine Lerning for Signl Processing Fundmentls of Liner Alger Clss 6 Sep 6 Instructor: Bhiksh Rj -755/8-797 Overview Vectors nd mtrices Bsic vector/mtrix opertions Vrious mtrix types Projections -755/8-797
More informationPartial Derivatives. Limits. For a single variable function f (x), the limit lim
Limits Prtil Derivtives For single vrible function f (x), the limit lim x f (x) exists only if the right-hnd side limit equls to the left-hnd side limit, i.e., lim f (x) = lim f (x). x x + For two vribles
More informationMethod of Localisation and Controlled Ejection of Swarms of Likely Charged Particles
Method of Loclistion nd Controlled Ejection of Swrms of Likely Chrged Prticles I. N. Tukev July 3, 17 Astrct This work considers Coulom forces cting on chrged point prticle locted etween the two coxil,
More informationCONIC SECTIONS. Chapter 11
CONIC SECTIONS Chpter. Overview.. Sections of cone Let l e fied verticl line nd m e nother line intersecting it t fied point V nd inclined to it t n ngle α (Fig..). Fig.. Suppose we rotte the line m round
More informationLecture 3: Equivalence Relations
Mthcmp Crsh Course Instructor: Pdric Brtlett Lecture 3: Equivlence Reltions Week 1 Mthcmp 2014 In our lst three tlks of this clss, we shift the focus of our tlks from proof techniques to proof concepts
More informationR(3, 8) P( 3, 0) Q( 2, 2) S(5, 3) Q(2, 32) P(0, 8) Higher Mathematics Objective Test Practice Book. 1 The diagram shows a sketch of part of
Higher Mthemtics Ojective Test Prctice ook The digrm shows sketch of prt of the grph of f ( ). The digrm shows sketch of the cuic f ( ). R(, 8) f ( ) f ( ) P(, ) Q(, ) S(, ) Wht re the domin nd rnge of
More informationPhysics 319 Classical Mechanics. G. A. Krafft Old Dominion University Jefferson Lab Lecture 2
Physics 319 Clssicl Mechnics G. A. Krfft Old Dominion University Jefferson Lb Lecture Undergrdute Clssicl Mechnics Spring 017 Sclr Vector or Dot Product Tkes two vectors s inputs nd yields number (sclr)
More information1. Review. t 2. t 1. v w = vw cos( ) where is the angle between v and w. The above leads to the Schwarz inequality: v w vw.
1. Review 1.1. The Geometry of Curves. AprmetriccurveinR 3 is mp R R 3 t (t) = (x(t),y(t),z(t)). We sy tht is di erentile if x, y, z re di erentile. We sy tht it is C 1 if, in ddition, the derivtives re
More informationIntroduction To Matrices MCV 4UI Assignment #1
Introduction To Mtrices MCV UI Assignment # INTRODUCTION: A mtrix plurl: mtrices) is rectngulr rry of numbers rrnged in rows nd columns Exmples: ) b) c) [ ] d) Ech number ppering in the rry is sid to be
More informationI1 = I2 I1 = I2 + I3 I1 + I2 = I3 + I4 I 3
2 The Prllel Circuit Electric Circuits: Figure 2- elow show ttery nd multiple resistors rrnged in prllel. Ech resistor receives portion of the current from the ttery sed on its resistnce. The split is
More informationThomas Whitham Sixth Form
Thoms Whithm Sith Form Pure Mthemtics Unit C Alger Trigonometry Geometry Clculus Vectors Trigonometry Compound ngle formule sin sin cos cos Pge A B sin Acos B cos Asin B A B sin Acos B cos Asin B A B cos
More informationIntroduction to Group Theory
Introduction to Group Theory Let G be n rbitrry set of elements, typiclly denoted s, b, c,, tht is, let G = {, b, c, }. A binry opertion in G is rule tht ssocites with ech ordered pir (,b) of elements
More informationKINEMATICS OF RIGID BODIES
KINEMTICS OF RIGI OIES Introduction In rigid body kinemtics, e use the reltionships governing the displcement, velocity nd ccelertion, but must lso ccount for the rottionl motion of the body. escription
More information7.1 Integral as Net Change Calculus. What is the total distance traveled? What is the total displacement?
7.1 Integrl s Net Chnge Clculus 7.1 INTEGRAL AS NET CHANGE Distnce versus Displcement We hve lredy seen how the position of n oject cn e found y finding the integrl of the velocity function. The chnge
More informationOptimization Lecture 1 Review of Differential Calculus for Functions of Single Variable.
Optimiztion Lecture 1 Review of Differentil Clculus for Functions of Single Vrible http://users.encs.concordi.c/~luisrod, Jnury 14 Outline Optimiztion Problems Rel Numbers nd Rel Vectors Open, Closed nd
More informationSCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT. Mathematics
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & BUIL ENVIRONMEN Mthemtics An Introduction to Mtrices Definition of Mtri Size of Mtri Rows nd Columns of Mtri Mtri Addition Sclr Multipliction of Mtri Mtri Multipliction 7 rnspose
More information11-755/ Machine Learning for Signal Processing. Algebra. Class August Instructor: Bhiksha Raj
-755/8-797 Mchine Lerning for Signl Processing Fundmentls of Liner Alger Clss 6 August 9 Instructor: Bhiksh Rj 6 Aug -755/8-797 Administrivi Registrtion: Anyone on witlist still? Our TA is here Sourish
More informationSUMMER KNOWHOW STUDY AND LEARNING CENTRE
SUMMER KNOWHOW STUDY AND LEARNING CENTRE Indices & Logrithms 2 Contents Indices.2 Frctionl Indices.4 Logrithms 6 Exponentil equtions. Simplifying Surds 13 Opertions on Surds..16 Scientific Nottion..18
More informationComputer Graphics (CS 4731) Lecture 7: Linear Algebra for Graphics (Points, Scalars, Vectors)
Computer Grphics (CS 4731) Lecture 7: Liner Alger for Grphics (Points, Sclrs, Vectors) Prof Emmnuel Agu Computer Science Dept. Worcester Poltechnic Institute (WPI) Annoncements Project 1 due net Tuesd,
More informationMaths in Motion. Theo de Haan. Order now: 29,95 euro
Mths in Motion Theo de Hn Order now: www.mthsinmotion.org 9,95 euro Cover Design: Drwings: Photogrph: Printing: Niko Spelbrink Lr Wgterveld Mrijke Spelbrink Rddrier, Amsterdm Preview: Prts of Chpter 6,
More informationM A T H F A L L CORRECTION. Algebra I 2 1 / 0 9 / U N I V E R S I T Y O F T O R O N T O
M A T H 2 4 0 F A L L 2 0 1 4 HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT #1 CORRECTION Alger I 2 1 / 0 9 / 2 0 1 4 U N I V E R S I T Y O F T O R O N T O 1. Suppose nd re nonzero elements of field F. Using only the field xioms,
More informationInfinite Geometric Series
Infinite Geometric Series Finite Geometric Series ( finite SUM) Let 0 < r < 1, nd let n be positive integer. Consider the finite sum It turns out there is simple lgebric expression tht is equivlent to
More informationUNIT 5 QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS Lesson 3: Creating Quadratic Equations in Two or More Variables Instruction
Lesson 3: Creting Qudrtic Equtions in Two or More Vriles Prerequisite Skills This lesson requires the use of the following skill: solving equtions with degree of Introduction 1 The formul for finding the
More informationBasics of space and vectors. Points and distance. Vectors
Bsics of spce nd vectors Points nd distnce One wy to describe our position in three dimensionl spce is using Crtesin coordintes x, y, z) where we hve fixed three orthogonl directions nd we move x units
More informationChapter 1: Logarithmic functions and indices
Chpter : Logrithmic functions nd indices. You cn simplify epressions y using rules of indices m n m n m n m n ( m ) n mn m m m m n m m n Emple Simplify these epressions: 5 r r c 4 4 d 6 5 e ( ) f ( ) 4
More informationARITHMETIC OPERATIONS. The real numbers have the following properties: a b c ab ac
REVIEW OF ALGEBRA Here we review the bsic rules nd procedures of lgebr tht you need to know in order to be successful in clculus. ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS The rel numbers hve the following properties: b b
More informationMATH34032: Green s Functions, Integral Equations and the Calculus of Variations 1
MATH34032: Green s Functions, Integrl Equtions nd the Clculus of Vritions 1 Section 1 Function spces nd opertors Here we gives some brief detils nd definitions, prticulrly relting to opertors. For further
More informationF is on a moving charged particle. F = 0, if B v. (sin " = 0)
F is on moving chrged prticle. Chpter 29 Mgnetic Fields Ech mgnet hs two poles, north pole nd south pole, regrdless the size nd shpe of the mgnet. Like poles repel ech other, unlike poles ttrct ech other.
More informationLecture 13 - Linking E, ϕ, and ρ
Lecture 13 - Linking E, ϕ, nd ρ A Puzzle... Inner-Surfce Chrge Density A positive point chrge q is locted off-center inside neutrl conducting sphericl shell. We know from Guss s lw tht the totl chrge on
More information1.2 What is a vector? (Section 2.2) Two properties (attributes) of a vector are and.
Homework 1. Chpters 2. Bsis independent vectors nd their properties Show work except for fill-in-lnks (print.pdf from www.motiongenesis.com Textooks Resources). 1.1 Solving prolems wht engineers do. Understnding
More informationThe practical version
Roerto s Notes on Integrl Clculus Chpter 4: Definite integrls nd the FTC Section 7 The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus: The prcticl version Wht you need to know lredy: The theoreticl version of the FTC. Wht
More information( dg. ) 2 dt. + dt. dt j + dh. + dt. r(t) dt. Comparing this equation with the one listed above for the length of see that
Arc Length of Curves in Three Dimensionl Spce If the vector function r(t) f(t) i + g(t) j + h(t) k trces out the curve C s t vries, we cn mesure distnces long C using formul nerly identicl to one tht we
More informationLinear Inequalities. Work Sheet 1
Work Sheet 1 Liner Inequlities Rent--Hep, cr rentl compny,chrges $ 15 per week plus $ 0.0 per mile to rent one of their crs. Suppose you re limited y how much money you cn spend for the week : You cn spend
More informationCHAPTER 6 Introduction to Vectors
CHAPTER 6 Introduction to Vectors Review of Prerequisite Skills, p. 73 "3 ".. e. "3. "3 d. f.. Find BC using the Pthgoren theorem, AC AB BC. BC AC AB 6 64 BC 8 Net, use the rtio tn A opposite tn A BC djcent.
More informationWeek 10: Line Integrals
Week 10: Line Integrls Introduction In this finl week we return to prmetrised curves nd consider integrtion long such curves. We lredy sw this in Week 2 when we integrted long curve to find its length.
More informationDescribe in words how you interpret this quantity. Precisely what information do you get from x?
WAVE FUNCTIONS AND PROBABILITY 1 I: Thinking out the wve function In quntum mechnics, the term wve function usully refers to solution to the Schrödinger eqution, Ψ(x, t) i = 2 2 Ψ(x, t) + V (x)ψ(x, t),
More informationA study of Pythagoras Theorem
CHAPTER 19 A study of Pythgors Theorem Reson is immortl, ll else mortl. Pythgors, Diogenes Lertius (Lives of Eminent Philosophers) Pythgors Theorem is proly the est-known mthemticl theorem. Even most nonmthemticins
More information2.4 Linear Inequalities and Interval Notation
.4 Liner Inequlities nd Intervl Nottion We wnt to solve equtions tht hve n inequlity symol insted of n equl sign. There re four inequlity symols tht we will look t: Less thn , Less thn or
More informationNumerical Linear Algebra Assignment 008
Numericl Liner Algebr Assignment 008 Nguyen Qun B Hong Students t Fculty of Mth nd Computer Science, Ho Chi Minh University of Science, Vietnm emil. nguyenqunbhong@gmil.com blog. http://hongnguyenqunb.wordpress.com
More informationLecture Solution of a System of Linear Equation
ChE Lecture Notes, Dept. of Chemicl Engineering, Univ. of TN, Knoville - D. Keffer, 5/9/98 (updted /) Lecture 8- - Solution of System of Liner Eqution 8. Why is it importnt to e le to solve system of liner
More informationVectors and the Geometry of Space
12 Vectors nd the Geometr of Spce Emples of the surfces nd solids we stud in this chpter re proloids (used for stellite dishes) nd hperoloids (used for cooling towers of nucler rectors). Mrk C. Burnett
More informationTrigonometric Functions
Exercise. Degrees nd Rdins Chpter Trigonometric Functions EXERCISE. Degrees nd Rdins 4. Since 45 corresponds to rdin mesure of π/4 rd, we hve: 90 = 45 corresponds to π/4 or π/ rd. 5 = 7 45 corresponds
More informationLecture 2e Orthogonal Complement (pages )
Lecture 2e Orthogonl Complement (pges -) We hve now seen tht n orthonorml sis is nice wy to descrie suspce, ut knowing tht we wnt n orthonorml sis doesn t mke one fll into our lp. In theory, the process
More informationSimple Harmonic Motion I Sem
Simple Hrmonic Motion I Sem Sllus: Differentil eqution of liner SHM. Energ of prticle, potentil energ nd kinetic energ (derivtion), Composition of two rectngulr SHM s hving sme periods, Lissjous figures.
More informationat its center, then the measure of this angle in radians (abbreviated rad) is the length of the arc that subtends the angle.
Notes 6 ngle Mesure Definition of Rdin If circle of rdius is drwn with the vertex of n ngle Mesure: t its center, then the mesure of this ngle in rdins (revited rd) is the length of the rc tht sutends
More informationCHAPTER 10 PARAMETRIC, VECTOR, AND POLAR FUNCTIONS. dy dx
CHAPTER 0 PARAMETRIC, VECTOR, AND POLAR FUNCTIONS 0.. PARAMETRIC FUNCTIONS A) Recll tht for prmetric equtions,. B) If the equtions x f(t), nd y g(t) define y s twice-differentile function of x, then t
More informationParse trees, ambiguity, and Chomsky normal form
Prse trees, miguity, nd Chomsky norml form In this lecture we will discuss few importnt notions connected with contextfree grmmrs, including prse trees, miguity, nd specil form for context-free grmmrs
More informationCHAPTER 1 PROGRAM OF MATRICES
CHPTER PROGRM OF MTRICES -- INTRODUCTION definition of engineering is the science y which the properties of mtter nd sources of energy in nture re mde useful to mn. Thus n engineer will hve to study the
More information