Towards the Extremes of the Nuclear Landscape. Walter F. Henning - RIKEN Nishina Center
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1 Towards the Extremes of the Nuclear Landscape Walter F. Henning - RIKEN Nishina Center
2 Super heavies Proton drip line Unknown Territory Neutron drip line
3 Super heavies Proton drip line Neutron drip line
4 Super heavies Proton drip line Unknown Territory Neutron drip line
5 I. Tanihata et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 (1985) 2676 (LBL Bevelac) Transmission & Interaction Cross Section Measurement 11 Li: Groundstate mass known Halflife known Optical Pumping studies M. (E. Takechi Arnold et et al., al., PL Nucl. 197 Phys. (1987): A 834 Spin: (2010) p 3/2 412 (RIKEN Magnetic RIBF) moment: Schmidt value (3.667 n.m.) Transmission & Interaction Cross Section Measurement IKAR Collaboration (GSI SIS18): G.D. Alkhazov et al., Nucl. Phys. A 712 (2002) 269 P. Egelhof et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 15 (2002) 27 A. Dobrovolsky et a., Nucl. Phys. A 766 (2006) 1 Proton Elastic Scattering
6 Reactions: - Key tool for spectroscopy - Measurement of reaction cross sections (e.g. nuclear astrophysics etc.)
7 Stopping & Re-acceleration (ISOL) Thin Target In-Flight Reactions Thin Target Production Methods for Radioactive Beams P. Armbruster et al.; Phys. Rev. Letters, Jan. 05 1GeV protons onu Primary Beam HI Accelerator Fragment Filter About 1000 nuclear residues identified High-energy fragmentation Low-energy reactions Primary Beam HI Accelerator Cross section Target Yield curve Reaction channels Phase space reduction large (b) thick (g) saturates many (1000) passive medium (~ few mb) Fragment Filter 252 Cf Fission Source thin (mg) linear few (~5-10) active Gas Cell Gas Cell Post Accelerator Post Accelerator E X P E R I M E N T Primary Beam LI Accelerator Thick Target & Ion Source Post Accelerator
8 RNB Production Facilities FRIB EURISOL CIAE Lanzhou CRIB ISAC ANL NSCL ND GANIL LLN GSI JAERI DRIBS SPIRAL NSC ORNL REX-I RIKEN TAMU FSU INFN EXCYT TIFR USP In-Flight Reaction In-Flight Fragmentation ISOL
9 Shell Structure... Z=50 Unknown Territory N=40
10 5 next slides: A. Gade INPC2010
11 Impacts of tensor force As protons are removed from the f 7/2 shell, the monopole pairing interaction weakens: f 7/2 f 5/2 : attractive, f 5/2 pushes up in energy f 7/2 g 9/2 : repulsive, g 9/2 comes down in energy 80 Zr N=40 N=34 N=32 g 9/2 orbital: Collectivity p 3/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 g 9/2 1) T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001), 2) T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010),
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19 Shell Structure... Z=50 Unknown Territory N=40
20 T 1/2 ~ 200ns T 1/2 ~ 200ns R 98 Cd M.Górska et al., PRL 79 (1997) Cd A. Jungclaus RISING Collaboration et al., PRL 99 (2007)
21 Z=50 d( 132 Sn, 133 Sn)p K.L. Jones et al., Nature 465 (2010) 454 R 98 Cd 130 Cd
22 Shape Co-existence and Quantum Phase Transitions
23 Quantum Phase Transitions QPT) QPT defined for N Iachello and Zamfir (PRL 92 (2004) ) show that main features persist down to N ~ 10 Z.P. Li et al. PRC 80 (2009) present calculations on observables ISOLDE: QPT in masses of n-rich Kr isotopes (a) (b) (c) N= 90
24 Proton number Z Nuclear astrophysics with RI Beams: Accreting white dwarf Elements in our solar system Nova Cygni 1992 Sun Neutron number N
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28 Groundstate Properties of Nuclei: Lasers, Traps, and Storage Rings
29 Mass measurements L.-B. Wang et al., PRL 93, (2004) P. Mueller et al., PRL (2007)
30 Super heavies Proton drip line Unknown Territory Neutron drip line
31 Stopping & Re-acceleration (ISOL) Thin Target In-Flight Reactions Thin Target Production Methods for Radioactive Beams Primary Beam HI Accelerator Fragment Filter Primary Beam HI Accelerator Fragment Filter 252 Cf Fission Source Gas Cell Gas Cell LE Post Accelerator LE Post Accelerator E X P E R I M E N T Primary Beam LI Accelerator Thick Target & Ion Source LE Post Accelerator HE Post Accelerator Fragment Separator
32 RIKEN-RIBF GSI-FRS/SIS18 MSU-NSCL CSR-Lanzhou GANIL In-Flight OPERATING ISOL EXCYT-Catania SPIRAL CERN-ISOLDE TRIUMF ISAC-2 ORNL-HIRF
33 FAIR-GSI SPIRAL2-GANIL FRIB-MSU SPES-Legnaro UNDER CONSTRUCTION or Funding Approved Cyclotron ISOL Tan dem SCL ARIEL (TRIUMF) CARIBU (Argonne) BRIF Beijing) HIE-ISOLDE (CERN)
34 KoRIA (Korean Rare Isotope Accelerator) Driver cyclotron (H 70MeV 1mA and D 35MeV 0.1mA) Phase 1 (ISOL to 15MeV/u) / Phase 2 (Linac to 200MeV/u for fragmentation beams) 200 MeV/u, 2pμA Block II SCL + Fragmentation Cyclotron ISOL Fragment Separator ~15 MeV/u Stripper Block I [Unstable RI beam] Cyclotron + ISOL + RFQ + SCL Block III [Stable heavy ion beam] SC ECR IS + RFQ + SCL CDR started (150 people) Anticipated budget $0.45B No site selection yet
35 Control Room Physics & Administration Enormous amount of work done in EU funded Design Study (Euro 30M) Cost estimate 1.3B. Possible first beam 2015?
36 The CARIF Concept China Advanced Rare Ion-beam Facility I. Tanihata, NIM B266 (2008) 4067 CARR 反应堆 n th ISOL 同位素分离器 132 Sn, 91 Kr, 142 Xe LINAC 直线加速器 8x10 14 cm 2 s pps pps 300 kev 132 Sn, 91 Kr, 142 Xe 150 MeV/u FRS 次级束流线 130 Cd, 78 Ni, 138 Sn pps 50 MeV/u Halo r process Magic 91 Kr 132 Sn 132 Sn, 91 Kr, 142 Xe SHE Reaction Structure 10 MeV/u Expectation: Fragmentation of fission products can result in highly n-rich beams
37 Stopping & Re-acceleration (ISOL) In-Flight Reactions Thin Target Production Methods for Radioactive Beams Primary Beam HI Accelerator Fragment Filter E X P E R I M E N T Primary Beam LI Accelerator Thick Target & Ion Source LE Post Accelerator HE Post Accelerator Fragment Separator
38 Some comments on 2-step RIB Production ISOL 1GeV p U 1 MW Production 124 Pd: Sn: K. Helariutta et al, Eur. Phys. J. A, 17 (2003) 193 Extraction Pd: Sn: Sn ( 2-step ) Fragmentation 124 Pd: 2x10 4 at 100MeV/u 1x10 5 a 400MeV/u In-flight Fragmentation 345MeV/u 238 U sec -1 Prediction 124 Pd: Sn: 10 8
39 Stopping & Re-acceleration (ISOL) Thin Target In-Flight Reactions Thin Target Production Methods for Radioactive Beams Primary Beam HI Accelerator Fragment Filter Primary Beam HI Accelerator Fragment Filter 252 Cf Fission Source Gas Cell Gas Cell LE Post Accelerator LE Post Accelerator E X P E R I M E N T Primary Beam LI Accelerator Thick Target & Ion Source LE Post Accelerator HE Post Accelerator Fragment Separator
40 Gas cell efficiency (%) Gas catcher at the ATLAS Canadian Penning Trap 20 cm long gas cell with second generation RF cone e ~ 45% G. Savard 1997 mean delay time below 10 ms demonstrated off-line with fission products and on-line with fusion evaporation reactions several years of operating experience Measured Gas Cell Efficiency RF-focusing amplitude (arb.)
41 Gas catcher operation at FRIB intensities High intensity beamline built at ANL to reproduce ion distribution expected behind RIA/AEBL fragment separator Focusing by 68 cm bore superconducting solenoid Large gas catcher using large RF cone developed for high energy test at GSI, combined with full body RF focusing First tests at high intensity beamline in Sept and Oct 06 High efficiency obtained at up to 10 9 incoming particles per second
42 What species have been extracted so far Gas catcher should be a universal approach how diverse are the species that have been extracted so far: Neutron-deficient isotopes Cs, Xe, Te, Sb, Sn, In, Rh, Ru, Tc, Mo, Se, As, Ge, Ga, As, Zn, Co, Fe, V, Ti, Al, Mg, Na, O, C Neutron-rich isotopes Nd, Ce, Pr, La, Ba, Rh, Ru, Te, Tc, Mo, Sr Stable isotopes Xe, Kr, Ar, Ne Essentially all attempted species, from the easy (alcali atoms and noble gases) up to the very refractory cases (Mo, Tc, Co, etc ), have been extracted as singly or doubly charged ions. All with good efficiency.
43 Layout for 252 Cf fission source system at ATLAS CARIBU Weak Beam Diagnostics
44 252 Cf source (--> 1Ci) (complementary to U fission) CARIBU at ATLAS in helium gas-stopper cell Gas-stopper cell High-resolution isobar separator Construction and commissioning completed Experimental program has started ECR charge breeder Acceleration in ATLAS: inches High-quality n-rich beams ~ 65 species with > 10 5 /s & > 150 species with > 10 4 /s
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46 Super heavies Proton drip line The Far North-East of the Nuclear Chart Unknown Territory Neutron drip line
![Fisson Brrier [MeV] U 208 Pb 238 U 120 110 100 90 SHE](/docs-images/84/89521545/images/47-0.jpg "-4-2 -3 U Th -4 Cold fusion -6-6 Act.")
47 Fisson Brrier [MeV] U 208 Pb 238 U SHE U Th -4 Cold fusion -6-6 Act Ca -4 Hot fusion -5-3 Neutron capture -2-7 r-process production of 232 Th and 238 U -- and fission termination 80 Pb Bi Fission of Neutron-Rich Nuclei 190 The Science: nuclear shell structure at the extremes r-process: fission recycling and termination fission barriers of neutron-rich nuclei and symmetry energy connection of hot-fusion SHE island and mainland Unusual GT vs 1 st forbidden decay ratios Peter Möller et al. Phys. Rev. C79 (2009) Fission Barriers of Radium Isotopes N=126 N~150 r-process Mass Number A
48 Waltraud Mayer et al., Phys. Lett. B115 (1985) 162
49 Center-of-Mass TKE (MeV) 8MeV/u 10MeV/u 12MeV/u MeV/u 10MeV/u 8MeV/u 238 U Pd Deep inelastic calculations with code Laboratory Angle (Degrees) H. Feldmeier, ANL-PHY-85-2 (1985)
50 Extremes of the (nuclear) landscape... Exploring the unknown... Many facets of new physics... RIBF is well positioned for the future... Thank you for your attention!
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