Particle emission at the proton drip-line

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1 Particle emission at the proton drip-line Marek Pfützner M. 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

2 Outline Nuclei at the proton drip-line and beyond Optical TPC Reminder of 45 Fe Decay study of 48 Ni (and 46 Fe, 44 Cr) Attractive digression Search for new Ge isotopes M. 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

3 p drip-line is not a limit! The limit of existence beyond the proton drip-line is determined by emission of protons Q p < 0 (Z,N) Q 2p > 0 2p true simultaneous (Z-2,N) Separation energy [MeV] Z = 27 Single p emission S 1p S 2 p Neutron number Q p > 0 (Z,N) Q 2p > 0 pp sequential (Z-2,N) Separation energy [MeV] Z = 26 S 1p S 2 p Neutron number, N M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

4 The status of 2pemission Ground-state 2p radioactivity first observed in 45 Fe. Later also in 54 Zn, 48 Ni and 19 Mg 58,59 Ge 62,63 Se 66,67 Kr In lighter nuclei due to small Coulomb barrier 2pemission is fast, T 1/2 ( 19 Mg) = 4 ps! 48 Ni 45 Fe 54 Zn Below 19 Mg 2pare emitted from broad resonances, like 6 Be 26 S 19 Mg 15,16 Ne 12 O 8 C 6 Be 30 Ar 34 Ca Reported by X. Xu (Tuesday) and L. Grigorenko (Friday) True 2p emitters - expected/discussed - established - p-p correlations determined M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

5 TPC detector Time projection chamber with optical readout (OTPC) counting gas at atmospheric pressure αparticle CCD incoming identified ion ionization electrons e p E HV electrodes gating electrode Trigger charge amplification light PMT CCD PMT Recording system Combination of theccd image with the PMT waveform allows to fully reconstruct the track in three dimensions M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

6 Raw data and ion ID CCD ID data PMT M. 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

7 Track reconstruction A track is reconstructed by comparing the data with the SRIM simulation E p = 1393 (50)(6) kev Θ = 28 (4)(1) Pomorski et al., PRC 90 (14) M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

8 OTPC M. 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

9 Decays of 45 Fe and 43 Cr NSCL/MSU, p β3p 11% β2p β3p 0.08% 44 Mn+p 45 Fe 2p β + β + 43 Cr+2p 70% Q EC = 18.7 MeV T 1/2 = 7 ms 30% β2p β3p IAS IAS βp 40 Ca+3p β2p 41 Sc+2p βp βp β4p β2p β3p βpα 41 Sc+4p 40 Ti+pαβp 42 Ti+p V V+2p 42 Ti+3p 45 Mn Pomorski et al., Phys. Rev. 83 (2011) Cr+p Miernik et al., PRL 99 (07) Miernik et al., PRC 76 (07) (R) M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

10 p-pcorrelations from 45 Fe W(p 2 ) = 24% 2pradioactivity offers more observables than 1p emission (correlations!) Better test of nuclear models 3-body model consistently reproduces all observables for a certain composition of the initial wave function Miernik et al., EPJA 42 (09) 431 Grigorenko et al., PLB 677 (09) 30 M.P. et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 (2012)567 M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

11 Study of 48 Ni NSCL/MSU, March 2011: 58 Ni at 160MeV/u + nat Ni 48 Ni A1900 ID 10 events of 48 Ni in 10 days Cross section: σ= 150(50) fb! 46 Fe 48 Ni 44 Cr 46 Fe 44 Cr OTPC ID M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July, 2015 Pomorski et al., PRC 90 (14)

12 β-delayed protons from 44 Cr 5542 identified ions of 44 Cr 4098 properly stopped 183 decays observed b p = 10( 1 ) % b = 14.0( 9 )% Dossat : p Dossat et al., Nucl. Phys. A 792 (2007) 18 A clear new line at 740(20) kev I = % p ( ) 44 Cr Number of events/50 kev reconstructed protons No beta background! Dossat et al This work 2.7(5)% 1.4(3)% 0.5(2)% Energy [kev] M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July, Pomorski et al., PRC 90 (14)

13 β-delayed protons from 46 Fe 471 identified ions of 46 Fe 269 properly stopped 148 decays observed Dossat : b p = 66( 4 ) % b = 79( 4 ) % p Dossat et al., Nucl. Phys. A 792 (2007) Fe Counts of 46Fe 1 19 reconstructed protons Energy [kev] Pomorski et al., PRC 90 (14) M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

14 β2p channel in 46 Fe One good event! CCD Fe 3090 Pomorski et al., PRC 90 (14) Dossat et al., Nucl. Phys. A 792 (2007) 18 Both protons escaped the detector. From the length of tracks we know only that: E 1 > 1.96 MeV E 2 > 1.67 MeV E1 + E2 > 3.63 MeV The decay goes above the IAS! M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

15 2p decay of 48 Ni PMT 2p βp CCD Ion 48 Ni Pomorski et al., PRC 90 (14) M. 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

16 All decays of 48 Ni 2p +βp 2p βp 2p +βp 2p βp Results of the full analysis: M. 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July, 2015 T ( ) Q 2 p = MeV = 2.1 ms ( ) b2 p = b β = 0.3(2) T = 3 ms 2 p + 2 1/2 1 7 T β + 1/2 = 5 7 ms 16

17 2p decay of 48 Ni Comparison with predictions Experiment R-matrix SMEC 3-body model prediction for 45 Fe 3-body model Pomorski et al., PRC 90 (14) Grigorenko and Zhukov, PRC 68 (2003) Brown and Barker, PRC 67 (2003) Rotureau, Okołowicz, Płoszajczak, NPA 767 (2006) 13 Unfortunately, there are no predictions for the p-pcorrelations in 48 Ni M. 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

18 A digression: decay of 6 He Q d = 2034 kev 6 10 b d 100% α + d A tiny decay branch into α+ d ( 10-6 ) provides insight into the halo of 6 He Bunches of 6 He ions were delivered by REX-ISOLDE and implanted into the OTPC Clear images of decay events with tracks of an αparticle and a deuteron were recorded A bunch of implanted 6 He ions (red) and a 6 He α+ ddecay plus background from thousands β electrons (green) M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

19 The spectrum of α + d 4.0x10-6 this work dw W/dE [s -1 MeV -1 ] 3.0x x x10-6 Raabe et al. theory E CM [MeV] Raabe et al., PRC 80 (09) theory: Tursunov, Baye, Descouvemont, PRC73 (06) By extending the spectrum to lower energy, we see 70% more intensity 1650 decay events reconstructed M.P. et al., accepted by PRC M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

20 An advertisement We used the OTPC also at the GSI Darmstadt We took along a young student, and she will tell you the story later this session M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

21 Ge isotopes at the proton drip-line 60 Ge discovered at NSCL/MSU in 2004 A1900: MeV/u + Be Cross section [mb] E-3 1E-4 1E-5 1E-6 1E-7 1E-8 1E-9 1E-10 1E-11? EPAX2 ABRABLA NSCL model NSCL experiment Mass number Stolzet al., Phys. Lett. B627(2005) 32 Lower cross section for the production of 60 Ge than expected does it indicate very short half-life? M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

22 Ten years after Experiment at NSCL/MSU, September 2014 A1900: MeV/u + Be 73atoms of 60 Ge identified! Delayed protons observed, analysis in progress Energy loss 58 Zn 60 Ge Cross section measured for 60,61,62 Ge Search for 59 Ge M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July, TOF

23 First observation of 59 Ge OTPC ID A. Ciemny et al., accepted by PRC M. 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

24 Cross section for Ge isotopes 78 Kr + Be A Ge Blanket al., EPJ A31(2007) A MeV on nat Ni target produces 60 Ge with larger cross section (2)! Decay studies of 59 Ge possible. But at RIKEN one can go even further M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

25 Summary The OTPC detector is a very efficient tool to search for very rare multiparticle decays or to investigate particle decays obscured by beta background. Can provide precise branching ratios for β-delayed particle channels. Although the energy resolution is worse than for Si detectors, yields complementary data for low-energy particles. Non-trivial 3-body character of 2p decay of 45 Fe discovered. 2p decay of 48 Ni discovered. New decay channels, like β3p ( 45 Fe, 43 Cr, ), observed for the first time. β2p emission identified in 46 Fe based on one atom decay! New neutron-deficient isotope 59 Geidentified, first decay data for 60 Gecollected. Perhaps, one day we could use the OTPC at Lanzhou? M. Pfützner@PROCON 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

26 Thank you! M. 2015, Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July,

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